No description available.

Rehabilitation takes an important part in the care for lung transplant candidates with chronic lung disease. The theoretical part of this thesis summarizes current knowledge about motivation and adherence to rehabilitation, about telerehabilitation options (telemonitoring physical activity using pedometer), and their use in lung transplant candidates. In the practical part it was investigated whether extrinsic motivation (education, pedometer, communication with physiotherapist via e-mail) leads to an improvement in the six-minute walking test outcome (6MWD) or in adherence to rehabilitation in lung transplant candidates. It was found no statistically significant improvement in 6MWD nor in adherence to rehabilitation in extrinsically motivated patients waiting for a lung transplant. However, data suggested increasing trend of 6MWD after intervention.

Assessment of lung edema by gravimetrical analysis is a standard method to evaluate the severity of experimentally induced ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. The aim of this study was to compare gravimetrical assessment of pulmonary edema with a stereological approach which allows for qualitative and quantitative distinction between intravascular and edematous fluids by light microscopy. Eight experimental groups which differed in mode of preservation, ischemic storage and pharmacological treatments were studied in an extracorporeal rat lung model. Analysis of the pooled data showed that the wet/dry ratio values mainly reflected the amount of intra-alveolar edema (rs = 0.442; p = 0.0057) but only stereological assessment of edema formation revealed differences depending on the treatment used. Only stereological data correlated significantly with oxygen tension measured at the end of reperfusion (rs = –0.530; p = 0.0009). We conclude that gravimetry is of minor functional importance compared to assessment by stereological methods which prove to be a reliable and efficient tool for the evaluation of IR injury in the different experimental settings. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

Contexte : La fibrose kystique (FK) est une indication de transplantation pulmonaire. Aucun paramètre objectif seul n’est prédictif de la survie après la transplantation à ce jour. Une détérioration des états nutritionnel et pulmonaire sont des critères de référence. Notre but est de déterminer si l’évolution préopératoire de ces paramètres est prédictive de la survie après la transplantation. Méthodes : Nous avons effectué une étude rétrospective des patients greffés pour FKP au CHUM. Les valeurs d’IMC et de VEMS 2 ans avant la transplantation ont été recueillies. Les patients ont été divisés selon le signe de la pente de régression linéaire de chacun des paramètres. Des modèles d’effets mixtes ont permis de modéliser l’évolution longitudinale de ces paramètres avec des nœuds tous les 4 mois. Résultats : Durant la période étudiée, 198 patients ont reçu une transplantation bipulmonaire. Les pentes moyennes sont -0,06 et +0,07 kg/m2/mois pour l’IMC, alors qu’elles sont de -0,38 et +0,29 %/mois pour le VEMS. Les données démographiques, les complications postopératoires et la mortalité à 90 jours sont similaires entre les groupes. On note une diminution de survie à 10 ans après la transplantation chez les patients dont l’IMC diminue plus rapidement (56 vs 73 %). La pente de VEMS seule n’influence pas la survie après la transplantation (63 vs 73 %). Conclusion : Nos résultats suggèrent que la trajectoire d’IMC influence la survie après une transplantation pulmonaire alors que le taux de variation du VEMS n’a pas d’impact significatif. Une étude prospective serait requise afin de valider ces résultats. / Purpose: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an indication for lung transplantation (LTx). To date, no single objective parameter is predictive of survival after LTx. Worsening of nutritional status and rapidly declining lung function are referral criteria. We aimed to determine whether a change in nutritional status and/or lung function before LTx was predictive of survival after LTx. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of CF LTx patients in our institution between 1997 and 2018. BMI and FEV1 values 2 year prior to transplant were collected. For each parameter, patients were divided in two groups according to BMI or FEV1 slope sign (linear regression). Change in time for these parameters were assessed using mixed-effect models with knots at every 4 months. Results: During the study period, 198 patients who underwent a first double LTx were included for analysis. The mean BMI slopes were -0.06 and +0.07 kg/m2/month, while mean FEV1 slopes were -0.38 and +0.29%/month. Linear mixed models for each phenotype are shown in Figure 1. Demographic factors, enteral feeding, post-operative complications and 90-day mortality were similar in the 2 analyses. Patients whose BMI decline before transplantation have worse 10-year survival after LTx (56 vs 73 %). The FEV1 slope alone does not influence 10-year survival after LTx(63 vs 73 %). Conclusion : Our results suggest that the BMI trajectory when used as a marker of nutritional status impacts survival after LTx. The FEV1 trajectory does not appear to significantly impact survival after LTx. A larger prospective study is required to validate these results.

La transition est un sujet qui demeure d’actualité, et ce, malgré qu’elle fasse l’objet de plusieurs recherches, et ce, depuis des décennies. Or, certaines transitions semblent être moins étudiées, alors qu’elles nécessitent aussi une attention particulière afin d’améliorer la qualité et la sécurité des soins, de même que le continuum inter établissement. D’ailleurs, la transition d’un centre hospitalier pédiatrique à un centre hospitalier pour adultes auprès de jeunes patients ayant eu une transplantation hépatique est l’une de ces transitions. Cette étude avait pour but d’explorer la perception de jeunes adultes ayant eu une transplantation hépatique, de parents et de professionnels de la santé quant à la transition d’un centre hospitalier pédiatrique à un centre hospitalier pour adultes. Afin d’encadrer cette étude, le cadre théorique de Meleis (2010) a été retenu. Un devis qualitatif descriptif et exploratoire a été utilisé. Des entrevues semi-dirigées (n=10) ont été réalisées avec de jeunes patients (n=7), ainsi que des parents (n=3), et un groupe de discussion a été réalisé avec des professionnels de la santé (n=5). Une analyse thématique des données collectées a permis d’identifier sept thèmes, soit 1) les différents types de transition; 2) les émotions associées à la transition; 3) les caractéristiques individuelles; 4) la préparation à la transition; 5) l’approche des professionnels entre le centre hospitalier pédiatrique et le centre hospitalier pour adultes; 6) les besoins de chacun et enfin, 7) les pistes d’amélioration proposées par les patients, les parents et les professionnels de la santé. Les résultats de cette recherche permettent, notamment, d'approfondir la compréhension relative au processus de la transition d’un centre hospitalier pédiatrique à un centre hospitalier pour adultes. Ils permettent également d'ajouter une nouvelle perspective de la transition du point de vue des jeunes patients, des parents et des professionnels de la santé, en plus de proposer d'éventuelles recherches de plus grande envergure. En somme, cette présente recherche, de par sa nature descriptive exploratoire, permet d'offrir une compréhension davantage approfondie du processus de transition vécue par ces jeunes adultes ayant eu une transplantation hépatique en vue d’améliorer la qualité et la sécurité des soins, de même que le continuum inter établissement. / Transition is a topic that remains topical, despite the fact that it has been the subject of much research for decades. However, some transitions seem to be less studied, even though they also require special attention in order to improve the quality and safety of care, as well as the inter-institutional continuum. The transition from a pediatric to an adult hospital for young liver transplant patients is one such transition. The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of young adult liver transplant patients, parents and healthcare professionals regarding the transition from a pediatric to an adult hospital. Meleis' (2010) theoretical framework was used to frame this study. A descriptive and exploratory qualitative design was used. Semi-directed interviews (n=10) were conducted with young patients (n=7) and parents (n=3), and a focus group was conducted with healthcare professionals (n=5). A thematic analysis of the data collected identified seven themes: 1) the different types of transition; 2) the emotions associated with the transition; 3) individual characteristics; 4) preparation for the transition; 5) the approach of professionals between the pediatric hospital center and the adult hospital center; 6) the needs of each; and finally, 7) the avenues for improvement suggested by patients, parents and health professionals. In particular, the results of this research will provide a better understanding of the transition process from a pediatric hospital center to an adult hospital center. They also add a new perspective on the transition from the perspectives of young patients, parents and healthcare professionals, and suggest possible areas for further research. In sum, this research, by its exploratory descriptive nature, provides a more in-depth understanding of the transition process experienced by these young adults who have had a liver transplant in order to improve the quality and safety of care, as well as the inter-institutional continuum.

Rituximab (R) is increasingly incorporated in reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) regimens for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) in patients with B-cell malignancies, not only to improve disease control, but also to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). There are no randomized prospective data to validate this practice, although single center data and the CIBMTR analysis have shown promising results. We aimed at validation of these findings in a large registry study. We conducted a retrospective analysis using the EBMT registry of 3,803 adult patients with B-cell malignancies undergoing alloHCT (2001–2013) with either rituximab (R-RIC-9%) or nonrituximab (RIC-91%) reduced intensity regimens respectively. Median age and median follow up were 55 years (range 19.1–77.3) and 43.2 months (range 0.3–179.8), respectively. There was no difference in transplant outcomes (R-RIC vs RIC), including 1-year overall survival (69.9% vs 70.7%), 1-year disease-free survival (64.4% vs 62.2%), 1-year non-relapse mortality (21% vs 22%), and day-100 incidence of acute GVHD 2-4° (12% vs 12%). In summary, we found that addition of rituximab in RIC regimens for B-cell malignancies had no significant impact on major transplant outcome variables. Of note, data on chronic GVHD was not available, limiting the conclusions that can be drawn from the present study.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1984 P72 / Master of Science

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1985 C66 / Master of Science

No description available.

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is the process by which fecal suspension from a healthy individual is transferred into the gastrointestinal tract of another individual in an attempt to cure certain diseases. This transplantation process has been accredited as being a potential remedy for a growing number of diseases that have been associated with gut microbial imbalances. Interest in FMT has largely been driven by the science community’s increasing interest in the gut microbiome and its role in potentially regulating a multitude of different functions and processes within the human body. One disease that has been found to respond exceptionally well to FMT treatments is Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). However, while FMT has demonstrated high cure rates for CDI, this transplantation process is no panacea. In fact, the results from FMT treatments on other diseases, such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), have not been as impressive as CDI’s. This review will examine the existing literature surrounding FMT usage on IBD and will propose a series of experiments and studies needed to truly test the safety and efficacy of FMT for IBD patients. This review will also reference current literature documenting FMT treatments for CDI as a comparative tool for investigating if this form of bacteriotherapy is indeed a viable therapeutic option for treating IBD.