For the last several years a great deal of research has been carried out under the general heading of Consumer Behaviour. Researchers are studying consumer purchasing behaviour in all of its many facets and a great deal of additional highly useful information has become available to marketing scholars and practitioners. Generally these researchers have utilized as a basis for their research one of the current models of consumer behaviour as proposed by the recognized scholars in the field. These models although different contain many similarities. They all are multi-dimensional, containing many elements which interact to Influence the consumer's decision making process. (A more thorough discussion of the various models occurs later. ) Most of the recent research projects have been concentrated on one of the elements, in a logical way, in order to extend the amount of knowledge available concerning the element and how It interacts with the remaining aspects of the model. Inasmuch as the majority of this research is being carried on by researchers in the United States (U. S. ) utilizing the marketing/economic/sociocultural environment of the U. S., it is the writer's contention that not all of these research findings are automatically applicable or useful on a world-wide basis. Indeed, if one is concerned with a different country, for example the United Kingdom (U. K. ) or Canada, in which there exists a differing marketing, economic or sociocultural environment, then one must view the U. S. oriented research results not with scepticism but at least with some apprehension and with a questioning attitude. It is this attitude which led the writer to question the lack of concern and therefore research pertaining to certain aspects of the element "social influences". One of the multi-dimensional aspects mentioned above which, although not uniformly labelled in the various models of consumer behaviour, does appear to be common to these models, is "social influences". The major elements which the writer has identified within this "social influences" dimension are social class, family and culture. Although different researchers have utilized variations in the definitions, and therefore the sub-elements which are included in each of these three elements, it is a truism that a transposed cultural background (or ethnic background) i. e. immigration, is either not considered, or at best briefly noted and thereafter ignored or overlooked. - This lack of references to immigration and the apparent little amount of thought given to the various ethnic backgrounds represented by immigrants disturbed the researcher so for the purposes of this study it was decided to concentrate on ethnic background in order to clearly establish the validity of considering ethnic background as a major social influence of consumer purchasing behaviour, or to validate the position taken by other U. S. oriented researchers, I. e. that ethnic background is not a major influence on consumer purchasing behaviour and can be overlooked. Thus this study is primarily concerned with only two aspects of the models of consumer behaviour: family purchasing and culture. The study is not concerned with the culture in place in the environment but instead with transposed cultures via immigration.

Ein neuer Ansatz zur Linderung von chronisch-dekompensiertem Tinnitus mit monotonalem Charakter wird vorgestellt. Mithilfe von transponierter Musik wird der monotonale Tinnitus gezielt in ein wohlklingendes (harmonisches) Klangerlebnis eingebettet und damit dem Betroffenen das Defokussieren des Dauertons erleichtert. Das Verfahren wurde softwarebasiert umgesetzt und in einer Untersuchungsreihe mit Patienten auf seine Wirksamkeit überprüft. Dabei konnte insbesondere ein Sofort-Effekt unter der angepassten Musik herausgestellt werden, welcher das Intensitätsempfinden des Tinnitus drastisch senkt.

The nature of morphological decomposition in visual word recognition remains unclear regarding morphemically complex words such as prefixed words. To investigate the decomposition process, the current study examined the extent to which effects involving transposed letters are modulated when the transposed letters cross a morpheme boundary. Previous studies using masked priming have demonstrated that transposed letter effects (i.e. superior priming when the prime contains transposed letters than when it contains replacement letters) disappear or markedly decrease when the transposition occurs across a morpheme boundary. The current experiments further investigated transposed letter effects in prefixed words using both parafoveal previews in natural reading and masked priming. There were significant differences between both the correct and transposed letter conditions and the replacement letter condition, but no interaction between the preview effects and type of target word in both the natural reading and masked priming tasks. Thus, unattenuated transposed letter effects can be elicited when the transposition occurs across the morpheme boundary between prefix and root morpheme, indicating that morphemic decomposition is not involved in the early processes of word recognition reflected in parafoveal previews and masked primes.

For the last several years a great deal of research has been carried out under the general heading of Consumer Behaviour. Researchers are studying consumer purchasing behaviour in all of its many facets and a great deal of additional highly useful information has become available to marketing scholars and practitioners. Generally these researchers have utilized as a basis for their research one of the current models of consumer behaviour as proposed by the recognized scholars in the field. These models although different contain many similarities. They all are multi-dimensional, containing many elements which interact to Influence the consumer's decision making process. (A more thorough discussion of the various models occurs later. ) Most of the recent research projects have been concentrated on one of the elements, in a logical way, in order to extend the amount of knowledge available concerning the element and how It interacts with the remaining aspects of the model. Inasmuch as the majority of this research is being carried on by researchers in the United States (U. S. ) utilizing the marketing/economic/sociocultural environment of the U. S., it is the writer's contention that not all of these research findings are automatically applicable or useful on a world-wide basis. Indeed, if one is concerned with a different country, for example the United Kingdom (U. K. ) or Canada, in which there exists a differing marketing, economic or sociocultural environment, then one must view the U. S. oriented research results not with scepticism but at least with some apprehension and with a questioning attitude. It is this attitude which led the writer to question the lack of concern and therefore research pertaining to certain aspects of the element "social influences". One of the multi-dimensional aspects mentioned above which, although not uniformly labelled in the various models of consumer behaviour, does appear to be common to these models, is "social influences". The major elements which the writer has identified within this "social influences" dimension are social class, family and culture. Although different researchers have utilized variations in the definitions, and therefore the sub-elements which are included in each of these three elements, it is a truism that a transposed cultural background (or ethnic background) i. e. immigration, is either not considered, or at best briefly noted and thereafter ignored or overlooked. - This lack of references to immigration and the apparent little amount of thought given to the various ethnic backgrounds represented by immigrants disturbed the researcher so for the purposes of this study it was decided to concentrate on ethnic background in order to clearly establish the validity of considering ethnic background as a major social influence of consumer purchasing behaviour, or to validate the position taken by other U. S. oriented researchers, I. e. that ethnic background is not a major influence on consumer purchasing behaviour and can be overlooked. Thus this study is primarily concerned with only two aspects of the models of consumer behaviour: family purchasing and culture. The study is not concerned with the culture in place in the environment but instead with transposed cultures via immigration.

Ein neuer Ansatz zur Linderung von chronisch-dekompensiertem Tinnitus mit monotonalem Charakter wird vorgestellt. Mithilfe von transponierter Musik wird der monotonale Tinnitus gezielt in ein wohlklingendes (harmonisches) Klangerlebnis eingebettet und damit dem Betroffenen das Defokussieren des Dauertons erleichtert. Das Verfahren wurde softwarebasiert umgesetzt und in einer Untersuchungsreihe mit Patienten auf seine Wirksamkeit überprüft. Dabei konnte insbesondere ein Sofort-Effekt unter der angepassten Musik herausgestellt werden, welcher das Intensitätsempfinden des Tinnitus drastisch senkt.

No description available.

The purpose of the study is the investigation of the topics of transposition and the transposed major and minor modes as discussed principally by selected French authors of the final twenty years of the seventeenth century and the first three decades of the eighteenth. The sources are relatively varied and include manuals for singers and instrumentalists, dictionaries, independent essays, and tracts which were published in scholarly journals; special emphasis is placed on the observation and attempted explanation of both irregular signatures and the signatures of the minor modes. The paper concerns the following areas: definitions and related concepts, methods for singers and Instrumentalists, and signatures for the tones which were identified by the authors. The topics are interdependent, for the signatures both effected transposition and indicated written-out transpositions. The late Baroque was characterized by much diversity with regard to definitions of the natural and transposed modes. At the close of the seventeenth century, two concurrent and yet diverse notions were in evidence: the most widespread associated "natural" with inclusion within the gamme; that is, the criterion for naturalness was total diatonic pitch content, as specified by the signature. When the scale was reduced from two columns to a single one, its total pitch content was diminished, and consequently the number of the natural modes found within the gamme was reduced. An apparently less popular view narrowed the focus of "natural tone" to a single diatonic pitch, the final of the tone or mode. A number of factors contributed to the disappearance of the long-held distinction between natural and transposed tones: the linking of the notion of "transposed" with the temperament, the establishment of two types of signatures for the minor tones (for tones with sharps and flats, respectively), the transition from a two-column scale to a single-column one, and the recognition of a unified system of major and minor keys.

This assignment is based on the tolerance problems that occur with the radial dimensions or RR-dimensions for the windings. The purpose is to identify the various parameters that affect said RR-dimensions and where these parameters originate from to be able to assure quality of the winding process. The RR-dimension has a tolerance of + 2,2 and - 1,1 mm, but it is only the positive tolerance that cause problems. The case study is based on a mixture of quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative data collections of dimensions for leaders and how the RR-measurement are affected by them, analysis of tolerances and how well they are adapted for their purpose. Qualitative observations, experiments and semi-structured interviews have also been conducted to gain a deeper understanding of the problem. The results show that tolerance problems originate from several different factors. The first factor is the debatable tolerance setting on some conductors, mainly the thin CTC conductors that do not have a high radial dimension. These conductors have tolerances that do not fill a purpose because it does not ensure the quality for the winding. The conductors need a tighter tolerance spectrum for the positive direction to be fully functional. The air gap that can occur between the conductors is also a cause of error. This stems from the fact that it is not possible to achieve a sufficiently high force when tensioning the disc. This can also occur from the uneven surface of the CTC-conductor that can create gaps. Another cause of error that affects the dimension is the number of turns for a disc. When a disc is wound with a high number of turns it will lead tothat the influencing factors have a higher amount of turns to effect on. This means that a small increase of the conductor's nominal dimension or small air gaps has a large impact on the overall RR-dimension. / För att kvalitetssäkra transformator- och reaktorlindningarna hos företaget Hitachi ABB skade utsatta toleranserna för varje lindning uppfyllas för att kunna fortsätta vidare i produktionslinan. Arbetet är grundat utifrån de förekommande variationerna hos lindningarnas mått i radiell riktning (RR-mått. Arbetets syfte är att undersöka Hitachi ABB:s lindningsproduktion för att finna de faktorer som ger upphov till måttvariationer hos RRmåttet. De identifierade faktorerna ska användas för att kvalitetssäkra företagets lindningsprocess. Färdigställt arbete ska användas som grund för företagets fortsatta arbetekring kvalitetssäkring. RR-måttet har en tolerans på + 2,2 och – 1,1 mm, däremot är detendast de variationer i positivt led där problem uppstår. Vid ett för högt mått genomförs enutredning för att se över om lindningen kan brukas ändå eller utifall de för höga måttet i radiell riktning påverkar prestandan samt montering. Arbetet är en fallstudie utfört med en blandning av kvantitativa och kvalitativa metoder. Denkvantitativa datainsamlingens syfte är att undersöka ledares mått i lindningar för att se hur RR-måttet påverkas måttsättning och varvantal. Den kvantitativa datainsamlingen genomför också analyser av toleranser och hur väl anpassade de är för sitt syfte. Kvalitativa observationer, experiment och halvstrukturerade interjuver har genomförts för att skapa en djupare förståelse kring problemet.Resultatet visar att de variationer som uppstår hos RR-måttet påverkas av flera olika faktorer.Variationer hos RR-måttet uppstår främst för lindningar där en CTC-ledare används. En påverkande faktor är toleransvidden för ledarna, främst för de tunna CTC-ledarna. Ledarna lindas runt varandra där ledarens mått staplas på varandra för att bilda ett RR-mått. För de tunna CTC-ledarna bör en mindre toleransvidd användas, mer specifikt en lägre positiv tolerans likt de platta ledarna för att kunna kvalitetssäkra lindningen. En annan påverkandefaktor är de luftspalter som uppstår mellan ledarna. Luftspalter härstammar ifrån att det integår att uppnå tillräckligt hög kraft vid spänning av en skiva alternativt från CTC-ledarens knöliga yta. Utöver dessa två faktorer har antalet lindade varv för en skiva en påverkan förtoleransstapling. Fler varv resulterar i att små måttavvikelser för ledare påverkar det totala måttet, vilket innebär att de luftspalter som kan uppstå blir fler när antalet varv ökar.

This diploma thesis deals with image super-resolution with conservation of good quality. Firstly, there are described state of the art methods dealing with this problem, as well as principles of neural networks with focus on convolutional ones. Finally, there is described a few models of convolutional neural network for image super-resolution to double size, which have been trained, tested and compared on newly created database with pictures of people.