Thesis (Ph.D)--Geosystems, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. / Committee Chair: Frost, J. David; Committee Member: Burns, Susan E.; Committee Member: Gokhale, Arun; Committee Member: Mayne, Paul W.; Committee Member: Rix, Glenn J. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

abstract: Trenchless technologies have emerged as a viable alternative to traditional open trench methods for installing underground pipelines and conduits. Pilot Tube Microtunneling, also referred to as the pilot tube system of microtunneling, guided auger boring, or guided boring method, is a recent addition to the family of trenchless installation methods. Pilot tube microtunneling originated in Japan and Europe, and was introduced to the United States in the year 1995 (Boschert 2007). Since then this methodology has seen increased utilization across North America particularity in municipal markets for the installation of gravity sewers. The primary reason contributing to the growth of pilot tube microtunneling is the technology's capability of installing pipes at high precision in terms of line and grade, in a wide range of ground conditions using relatively inexpensive equipment. The means and methods, applicability, capabilities and limitations of pilot tube microtunneling are well documented in published literature through many project specific case studies. However, there is little information on the macroscopic level regarding the technology and industry as a whole. With the increasing popularity of pilot tube microtunneling, there is an emerging need to address the above issues. This research effort surveyed 22 pilot tube microtunneling contractors across North America to determine the current industry state of practice with the technology. The survey examined various topics including contractor profile and experience; equipment, methods, and pipe materials utilized; and issues pertaining to project planning and construction risks associated with the pilot tube method. The findings of this research are based on a total of 450 projects completed with pilot tube microtunneling between 2006 and 2010. The respondents were diverse in terms of their experience with PTMT, ranging from two to 11 years. A majority of the respondents have traditionally provided services with other trenchless technologies. As revealed by the survey responses, PTMT projects grew by 110% between the years 2006 and 2010. It was found that almost 72% of the 450 PTMT projects completed between 2006 and 2010 by the respondents were for sanitary sewers. Installation in cobbles and boulders was rated as the highest risk by the contractors. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Construction 2011

abstract: As a developing nation, China is currently faced with the challenge of providing safe, reliable and adequate energy resources to the county's growing urban areas as well as to its expanding rural populations. To meet this demand, the country has initiated massive construction projects to expand its national energy infrastructure, particularly in the form of natural gas pipeline. The most notable of these projects is the ongoing West-East Gas Pipeline Project. This project is currently in its third phase, which will supply clean and efficient natural gas to nearly sixty million users located in the densely populated Yangtze River Delta. Trenchless Technologies, in particular the construction method of Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD), have played a critical role in executing this project by providing economical, practical and environmentally responsible ways to install buried pipeline systems. HDD has proven to be the most popular method selected to overcome challenges along the path of the pipeline, which include mountainous terrain, extensive farmland and numerous bodies of water. The Yangtze River, among other large-scale water bodies, have proven to be the most difficult obstacle for the pipeline installation as it widens and changes course numerous times along its path to the East China Sea. The purpose of this study is to examine those practices being used in China in order to compare those to those long used practices in the North American in order to understand the advantages of Chinese advancements. Developing countries would benefit from the Chinese advancements for large-scale HDD installation. In developed areas, such as North America, studying Chinese execution may allow for new ideas to help to improve long established methods. These factors combined further solidify China's role as the global leader in trenchless technology methods and provide the opportunity for Chinese HDD contractors to contribute to the world's knowledge for best practices of the Horizontal Directional Drilling method. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Civil Engineering 2014

Comparativamente à abertura de valas, os métodos não-destrutivos de instalação, manutenção e substituição de infra-estruturas urbanas subterrâneas apresentam menor duração, necessitam de mínima ou nenhuma escavação na superfície e causam mínima interferência no tráfego, no comércio e em outras atividades locais. Avalia-se, neste trabalho, o potencial dos métodos não-destrutivos para reduzir, significativamente, os custos sociais e, conseqüentemente, o custo total pago pela sociedade, associado, por exemplo, à deterioração precoce dos pavimentos e a problemas ambientais. Os custos sociais, na maioria das vezes, são negligenciados ou até mesmo ignorados, sendo a escolha do método construtivo baseada apenas nos custos diretos. São fatores que contribuem para esse cenário a inexistência de um protocolo padrão para classificar e quantificar tais custos e o desconhecimento das tecnologias não-destrutivas por parte de engenheiros e profissionais responsáveis. Este trabalho apresenta, inicialmente, uma síntese dos principais componentes dos custos sociais e um breve resumo dos métodos não-destrutivos mais utilizados. Com um simulador de tráfego computacional foi realizada análise comparativa entre os métodos construtivos convencional (abertura de valas) e alternativo (não-destrutivo), quanto aos custos sociais referentes à interrupção do tráfego veicular e impactos ambientais. Os resultados mostraram que os custos sociais são consideravelmente menores com o emprego de métodos não-destrutivos, particularmente quanto aos custos com combustível e atrasos decorrente da interrupção ao tráfego veicular. / Compare to trench opening, the trenchless methods for installation, maintenance and substitution of buried urban infrastructure expend less time, need minimum or no excavation and cause minimum disruption of and interference to traffic, business and other local activities. In this work it is evaluated its potential to significantly reduce the social costs and consequently the total cost paid by the society, i.e., early pavement deterioration and environmental problems. The social costs, most of the time, are neglected or even ignored, being the selection of the construction method based on just on direct costs. This scenario is also due to the inexistence of a protocol to classify and quantify those costs and to the unknowing of trenchless technologies by engineers and other responsible professionals. This work presents, initially, a synthesis of the main components of social costs and a brief summary of the most used trenchless methods. With a computer traffic simulator it was performed a comparative analysis of conventional (trench opening) and alternative (trenchless) construction methods in terms of social costs associated to traffic disruption and environmental impacts. The results showed that social costs are much smaller when trenchless technologies are used, mainly due to the reduction of fuel costs and traffic delays.

Diploma thesis deals with using microtunneling method in Pardubice-city. Evaluate construction of sewer and assessing the posibilities of furthert use of this technology. The work include static assessment of jacking pipes. Mathematical modeling is used in software Plaxis 8.2.

The paper provides an overview of the most widely used trenchless technologies and the possibility of their utilization for laying new thermoplastic pipelines. It analyzes the static behavior of thermoplastic water pipes placed into the existing steel pipes using relining technology. The program system ANSYS is used as a tool for static solution of pipelines. Obtained results are compared with conventional approaches.

Detta examensarbete har utförts på uppdrag av Johan Lundberg AB som har haft ett behov av att det tas fram en guide vid åtgärder av vattenledningar. Åtgärder kan innebära nyläggning, utbyte eller renovering av en vattenledning. Syftet med rapporten är att ta reda på om ett visst material eller metod kan användas till vattenledningar, få fram för- och nackdelar med dessa material och metoder, både för installationsfasen och för driftsfasen. Detta görs ur ett långsiktigt tekniskt, ekonomiskt och miljömässigt perspektiv. Rapporten innehåller en faktadel med tänkbara material och schaktfria metoder och sju stycken intervjuer med ledningsägare har genomförts och en sammanställning av dessa intervjuer presenteras i kapitel 5.3. Intervjuerna har utförts för att få reda på flera ledningsägaras erfarenheter av material och metoder och även deras kravställningar på vattenledningar. I slutsatsen konstateras att PE är det material som används mest av de intervjuade ledningsägarna, men också att det finns flera problem med PE som rörmaterial i vattenledningar. När det gäller metoder är det svårt att ge en entydig slutsats för vilken metod som passar bäst för nybyggnad, utbyte eller renovering av vattenledningar. I bilaga 1 sammanställs de fakta och erfarenheter som har framkommit under detta examensarbete. Denna sammanställning kan tillsammans med de flödesscheman som också finns i bilaga 1 ses som en guide med riktlinjer för ledningsägare när de ska åtgärda sina vattenledningar. / This thesis has been carried out on behalf of Johan Lundberg AB, which has had a need to be developed a guide for action by the water that is in need of new water mains, replacement or renovation. The purpose of the report is to find out whether a particular material or method can be used in water supply, obtaining advantages and disadvantages of materials and methods, both for the deployment and operational phases. This is done from a long-term technical, economic and environmental perspective. This report provides a fact based section with possible materials and trenchless methods that can be used for new lines, replacement or refurbishment of water pipes. Seven interviews with tap owners have made and a summary of these interviews are presented in Section 5.3. The interviews have been conducted to find out more water owners experiences and requirements scores on water pipes.  In the conclusion found that PE is the material used in most of the interviewees tap owners, but also that there are several problems with PE as material for water pipes. When it comes to methods, it is difficult to give a clear conclusion to which method is best suited for new construction, replacement or renovation of water pipes. Appendix 1 summarizes the facts and experiences that have emerged during this thesis. This compilation together with the flowcharts also in the appendix 1 can be seen as a guide for tap owners when to fix their water pipes.

The damaging impact of continuous utility cuts on flexible pavement performance has been shown to be a major problem for urban roads and pavement mangers due to high reconstruction and maintenance costs. Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) is a trenchless construction method that does not require continuous trenching. HDD pipe installation techniques can reduce reinstatement costs, shorten construction periods, and lower social costs due to reduced user traffic delays. In this thesis, a detailed field study and numerical investigations was completed to quantify pavement deterioration and polyethylene (PE) pipe performance when pipelines are installed under flexible pavements using both traditional open-cut and HDD construction methods. Two 200mm SDR-17 DIPS HDPE pipes were installed 1.5m below a flexible pavement using open-cut and HDD construction technique. A state-of-the-art instrumentation and data acquisition systems were developed to measure HDD drill rig, PE pipes and pavement responses during pipe installations and for a period of about three years afterwards. Field data from (GPR) surveys, falling weight deflectometer (FWD) tests, surface distress surveys, and ground surface elevation survey were used to evaluate pavement deterioration due to the pipeline installations. The mechanisms of ground deformations during HDD and open-cut pipe installation were numerically investigated with FLAC3D, a commercial finite difference program. A hybrid constitutive model consisting of the traditional Duncan-Chang hyperbolic model and Mohr-Coulomb perfectly plastic model was developed and implemented in FLAC3D to simulate the non-linear stress-strain and stress dependent behavior of granular materials. Field test results show that the HDD installed pipe have significantly lower construction induced strains and ring deflections when compared to the open cut-and-cover installation and the mechanism of pipe deformation differs for the two construction techniques. The two pipes performed satisfactory over the long-term monitoring period as deflections and strain levels were below acceptable limits and there was no apparent deterioration of the pipe. Pipe deflections resulting from environmental effects (freeze and thaw) were found to be more significant than those due to material creep. Furthermore, the modified Iowa’s and Plastic Pipe Institute’s (PPI) ring deflection equations were found to over estimate pipe deflection for the open-cut and HDD installed pipes by about 114 and 50 percent, respectively. Results from field tests found that the HDD installation did not results in any observable change in the condition of the pavement structure performance, while the structure and integrity of pavement section in the vicinity of the open-cut was adversely impacted by utility cut excavation. It was determined numerically that when an unsupported excavation is created within a typical flexible pavement structure, distress zones that extend laterally from the face of the excavation to a distance of approximately 80% of the depth of excavation is developed. The results of the analyses suggests that better restoration techniques are required to eliminate the adverse effect caused by the stress relief within the pavement structure during a utility cut. Furthermore, the area of potential pavement deterioration should be extended beyond the edge of the utility cut to encompass the ‘distress zones’ when determining fees to cover pavement damage and restoration costs. Results obtained from numerical simulations advanced the understanding of the mechanism, magnitude, and extent of deformation within the pavement structure during HDD pipe installation in frictional and cohesive subgrade soils. Relationship between HDD annular bore pressures and displacements have been incorporated into design Charts and Tables for use in estimating maximum allowable bore pressures for HDD installation beneath flexible pavements. Critical bore pressures that would limit ground deformations and prevent excessive pavement deformations are presented. Critical bore pressures were compared to estimated allowable bore pressures obtained from the widely used Delft Geotechnics equation. The Delft Geotechnics equation was found to over estimate allowable bore pressure for HDD installation beneath flexible pavement. HDD pipeline installations under flexible pavement were found to have significantly lower restoration costs, social costs and maintenance cost than open-cut pipeline installations.

The damaging impact of continuous utility cuts on flexible pavement performance has been shown to be a major problem for urban roads and pavement mangers due to high reconstruction and maintenance costs. Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) is a trenchless construction method that does not require continuous trenching. HDD pipe installation techniques can reduce reinstatement costs, shorten construction periods, and lower social costs due to reduced user traffic delays. In this thesis, a detailed field study and numerical investigations was completed to quantify pavement deterioration and polyethylene (PE) pipe performance when pipelines are installed under flexible pavements using both traditional open-cut and HDD construction methods. Two 200mm SDR-17 DIPS HDPE pipes were installed 1.5m below a flexible pavement using open-cut and HDD construction technique. A state-of-the-art instrumentation and data acquisition systems were developed to measure HDD drill rig, PE pipes and pavement responses during pipe installations and for a period of about three years afterwards. Field data from (GPR) surveys, falling weight deflectometer (FWD) tests, surface distress surveys, and ground surface elevation survey were used to evaluate pavement deterioration due to the pipeline installations. The mechanisms of ground deformations during HDD and open-cut pipe installation were numerically investigated with FLAC3D, a commercial finite difference program. A hybrid constitutive model consisting of the traditional Duncan-Chang hyperbolic model and Mohr-Coulomb perfectly plastic model was developed and implemented in FLAC3D to simulate the non-linear stress-strain and stress dependent behavior of granular materials. Field test results show that the HDD installed pipe have significantly lower construction induced strains and ring deflections when compared to the open cut-and-cover installation and the mechanism of pipe deformation differs for the two construction techniques. The two pipes performed satisfactory over the long-term monitoring period as deflections and strain levels were below acceptable limits and there was no apparent deterioration of the pipe. Pipe deflections resulting from environmental effects (freeze and thaw) were found to be more significant than those due to material creep. Furthermore, the modified Iowa’s and Plastic Pipe Institute’s (PPI) ring deflection equations were found to over estimate pipe deflection for the open-cut and HDD installed pipes by about 114 and 50 percent, respectively. Results from field tests found that the HDD installation did not results in any observable change in the condition of the pavement structure performance, while the structure and integrity of pavement section in the vicinity of the open-cut was adversely impacted by utility cut excavation. It was determined numerically that when an unsupported excavation is created within a typical flexible pavement structure, distress zones that extend laterally from the face of the excavation to a distance of approximately 80% of the depth of excavation is developed. The results of the analyses suggests that better restoration techniques are required to eliminate the adverse effect caused by the stress relief within the pavement structure during a utility cut. Furthermore, the area of potential pavement deterioration should be extended beyond the edge of the utility cut to encompass the ‘distress zones’ when determining fees to cover pavement damage and restoration costs. Results obtained from numerical simulations advanced the understanding of the mechanism, magnitude, and extent of deformation within the pavement structure during HDD pipe installation in frictional and cohesive subgrade soils. Relationship between HDD annular bore pressures and displacements have been incorporated into design Charts and Tables for use in estimating maximum allowable bore pressures for HDD installation beneath flexible pavements. Critical bore pressures that would limit ground deformations and prevent excessive pavement deformations are presented. Critical bore pressures were compared to estimated allowable bore pressures obtained from the widely used Delft Geotechnics equation. The Delft Geotechnics equation was found to over estimate allowable bore pressure for HDD installation beneath flexible pavement. HDD pipeline installations under flexible pavement were found to have significantly lower restoration costs, social costs and maintenance cost than open-cut pipeline installations.

Darbe analizuojama inžinerinių tinklų įrengimas horizontalaus valdomo gręžimo metodu. Pirmiausia pateikiama literatūros apžvalga, kurioje aptariami veiksniai, lemiantys žemės kasimo darbus. Aprašomas atviras žemės kasimo būdas, kuris dažniausiai naudojamas atliekant žemės kasimo darbus. Aptariamos betranšėjės technologijos, kurios naudojamos kaip alternatyva atviram žemės kasimo būdui specifinėse vietose. Tyrimo metodikoje ir organizavime dalyje pateikiami gręžimo darbų projektai bei jų analizės, gręžimo darbų pasirengimo etapai, gręžimo mašinų ir kitos įrangos, naudojamos tyrime, charakteristikos. Aptariami gręžimo mašinų parinkimo metodai konkrečiam gręžimui ir aprašomi gręžimo darbai. Tyrimų rezultatų analizės dalyje pateikiama gręžimo mašinų charakteristikų analizė bei pasirinktų trijų gręžimų ,,Kryptinio gręžimo matavimo protokolai“ bei pagal juos sudaryti išilginiai gręžimo profiliai. Pateikiamos tyrimo išvados ir rekomendacijos dėl inžinerinių tinklų įrengimo horizontalaus valdomo gręžimo metodu. / The paper analyzes the engineering networks in horizontal directional drilling method. Firstly there is the literature review, which discusses the factors that determine the excavation. Describe the open method of excavating the land, which is mainly used in the excavation. Discussed in trenchless technology, which are used as an alternative way of moving to an open ground in specific areas. The study methodology and the organization of the work submitted for drilling projects, and their analysis, the preparation stages of drilling, drilling machines and other equipment used in the study, characteristics. Considered boring machine selection methods described in the particular drilling and boring work. Research results presented in the analysis of drilling machines and the analysis of selected characteristics of the three drilling, directional drilling measurement protocols, and to set them up under the longitudinal drilling profiles. Presented the study findings and recommendations of the engineering networks in horizontal directional drilling method.