This study was designed to measure and compare individual supervision to triadic supervision in promoting counselor effectiveness and counselor development. During individual supervision, one counselor met with one supervisor for an hour. Two models of triadic supervision were created for this study: Split Focus and Single Focus. Triadic consists of two supervisees and one supervisor meeting for one hour. During the Split Focus, 30 minutes was allocated to each counselor for supervision. During the Single Focus, the whole hour was spent supervising only one of the counselors. The next week, the whole hour was spent supervising the other counselor. Three comparison groups were employed to determine the effectiveness of the three supervision models. An instrument was used to evaluate counselor effectiveness and another instrument was used to evaluate counselor development. 47 masters-level counseling students enrolled in practicum participated in this study. The practicum met for 16 weeks. Each counselor filled out a Supervisee Levels Questionnaire-Revised at the beginning (pre-test) and at the end (post-test) of the semester. This instrument determined the counselor's developmental growth. Each counselor submitted a tape of a counseling session at the beginning (pre-tape) and at the end (post-tape) of the semester. The tape was rated on-site by the doctoral supervisor utilizing the Counselor Rating Form-Short. An objective rater also rated the submitted tapes utilizing the same instrument. The instrument determines counselor effectiveness. At the end of the study, an Analysis of Covariance determined that the three supervision models did differ in developmental growth. The Split Focus grew significantly compared to Single Focus and compared to Individual supervision. However, the Single Focus grew significantly on the factor self and other awareness compared to Individual. In terms of effectiveness, an Analysis of Covariance determined that the three supervision models did not differ significantly.

The obsolescing bargaining model (OBM) is the cornerstone for studying host country-MNE relations. Recent research has extended the OBM to incorporate other institutional stakeholders who participate in the multi-level, multi-party iterative political bargaining over policy issues which characterises much of the bargaining now to reflect the widespread macroeconomic changes from globalization that impinge on the model. Furthermore, the emergence of developing countries like India and China as high growthend markets has conceivably changed the nature of bargaining therein. This study adopts a triadic perspective to bargaining in EMs. The conceptualization including local MNEs addresses the lack of understanding on bargaining in EMs by suitably incorporating the institutional context which frames the triadic interplay. It focuses on the role of co-opetition by local MNEs in affecting the balance of bargaining power between host governments and foreign MNEs. Co-opetition is a strategic response by multinationals where they simultaneously compete and cooperate for mutual gains. This research enables the study to empirically challenge the assertion that the propositions of the OBM have become too dated to explain current bargaining structures. The extant literature provides the theoretical underpinnings for the development of a priori propositions which guide the empirical enquiry through a case study of the life insurance industry in India. Based on the unique insights offered through the single industry study, the analysis suggests that certain EM conditions now present the context for re- emergence of obsolescence for foreign MNEs. Furthermore, it is the evolution of the EMs’ own local MNEs who are deeply embedded in the local business culture constituting their identity as strategic insiders, who shape the development of bargaining power. Local MNEs as strategic insiders affect the foreign MNEs’ long term business prospects in EMs based on their co-opetition through an issue- area approach. Local MNEs’ existing insidership becomes the reason for both - foreign MNEs’ collaboration with them and the perpetuation of their lack of strategic insidership. It is the basis for the uneven playing field and for the deterioration in their initial bargaining power. Thus, in line with the OBM, entry bargains themselves are seen to obsolesce following the ambivalence in bargaining objectives and the sequential behaviour that both the local MNEs and the host government adopt. Co- opetition emerges as the explanatory variable while discerning the nature of emergent bargaining between governments and foreign MNEs in EMs. The application of a triadic, co-opetition perspective to bargaining is revealing andprovides original insights. An extended framework and modified propositions aredeveloped for future research. This study provides grounds for revisiting the OBM inthe context of other similar markets and for guiding future MNE strategy in EMs.

Heinrich Baryphonus (1581-1655) and Heinrich Grimm’s (1592/3-1637) didactic treatise, Pleiades musicae (1615/1630), provides a vivid testimony to the state of music education and music theory pedagogy in Protestant Germany in the early seventeenth century. Published initially by Baryphonus for use at the Gymnasium in Quedlinburg and reissued in an expanded format by Grimm for use at the Gymnasium in Magdeburg, the text examines the fundamentals of pitch, intervals, counterpoint, and, in the second edition, triadic theory and composition. Throughout the remainder of the seventeenth century and into the eighteenth century, music theorists including Johann Andreas Herbst (1588-1666), Otto Gibel (1612-1682), and Andreas Werckmeister (1645-1706), used the document as a source for their own musical writings, solidifying its status as a significant contribution to the field of music theory. Recently, scholars such as Carl Dahlhaus, Benito Rivera, and Joel Lester have found value in Pleiades musicae for its role in the early stages of the development of triadic theory and the emergence of harmonic tonality. However, with the exception of the passages on triadic theory, the treatise continues to be relatively unknown. In order to understand the full extent of Baryphonus and Grimm’s contributions to the history of music theory, and to provide a multifaceted context for situating Pleiades musicae in the culture of its time and place of origin, the present study examines both editions of the text from biographical, cultural, educational, philosophical, music-theoretical, and historical perspectives, and includes modern Latin editions and English translations of the two editions of the treatise.

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The thesis is analyzing relations between the Serb minority in Kosovo, Kosovo proper and Serbia from 2008 to 2013 by using Robert Brubaker's "Triadic Nexus" concept that defines a relation between a national minority, a nationalizing state and an external national homeland. The Triadic Nexus will be supplemented by David Smith's "Quadratic Nexus" concept with the addition of an international actor that would be the United Nations and the European Union. In the north and the southeast of Kosovo lives a huge Serb community that does not recognize Kosovo's independence since 2008. From 2008 to 2013 Kosovo authorities were trying to integrate Serb minority into Kosovo society, however in most cases unsuccessfully. Kosovo Serbs kept relations with Serbia, especially thanks to the existence of parallel Serb institutions in these parts of Kosovo. The position of the Serb minority in the Kosovo`s society is analyzed through the legal framework and their (non)integration into the administrative and political institutions of the Kosovo proper. This should provide hints if and how the Serb minority in Kosovo was or was not persecuted. The thesis further enlightens, through the analysis of the Serb minority`s integration in parallel Serb institutions, how big of a problem the parallel Serb institutions pose...

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The Empty Portrait forefronts a new experience of the portrait for all participants involved: the photographer, the subject, and the viewer. Breaking away from the camera, the materiality of the photograph, and the portrait as a locus of identity are central aspects of this new experience. As it challenges the relationship between photography and temporality, The Empty Portrait attempts to blur the boundary between the photographic and cinematic image, asking the viewer to look and contemplate further.

Triadic attention, sharing attention with a person about an object or event, typically develops between eight and 12 months of age. This ability facilitates the development of social skills and language through shared exploration of objects and social stimuli. Two key aspects of triadic attention are initiating joint attention (IJA), the use of gaze and gestures to involve another in an experience, and behavioral requesting (IBR), the use of verbal and nonverbal communication to elicit help from another. Both aspects of triadic attention are impaired in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs), which are characterized by social and communication deficits. The current study investigated the early development of triadic attention in eight- to- 12 month old infants who either have an older sibling diagnosed with an ASD (ASD-Sibs), or have older siblings with no ASD symptomatology (COMP-Sibs). This study examined age-related changes in the frequency of infant-initiated triadic attention using two measures, the Early Social Communication Scales (ESCS) and parent-administered Triadic Play Interaction (TPI). Triadic attention had modest associations between the TPI and the ESCS, with three of the six possible associations significant. At eight months of age, ASD-Sibs initiated significantly fewer IJA bids during the ESCS than COMP-Sibs. At 12 months of age, presence of IBR during the TPI differed significantly by group, with 18 percent of ASD-Sibs initiating a behavioral request, compared to 58 percent of COMP-Sibs. This study demonstrated that infant-initiated triadic attention behaviors differed by group status in both measures used, suggesting these measures offer different and complementary information regarding triadic attention behaviors in ASD-Sibs compared to COMP-Sibs. The use of the TPI in examining triadic attention development in ASD-Sibs is discussed.

Problem discussion: When different companies join into triadic relationships it is important that the relationships are managed properly. Findings have indicated that components for a successful relationship are high level of trust and commitment, risk/reward sharing, joint planning. To improve a triadic relationship, the actors have to measure the overall performance. In the triadic relationship that we have investigated there is obvious problems with information sharing and measure the same variables regarding delivery performance. Research Question: How can delivery performance be measured in order to adapt it to a triadic relationship? Objective: Our objective is to describe delivery performance as well as explain and adapt it to a triadic relationship. Conclusions: Delivery performance Almost every customer in our questionnaire thinks it is important to measure delivery performance. We claim it is of great importance for a triad to create a common method to measure delivery performance, where every actor knows when, where and how to measure. The criterion for effective KPIs are to measure the overall supply chain performance rather than the performance of an individual chain member. That is why we claim the best way of getting better information about how the 3PL provider perform should be integrated in the measurement of the overall delivery performance of the triad. The most efficient way to measure the 3PL providers’ performance is the 3PL provider uses a scanning system and reports the measurements to SCA. The actors within the triad must also measure the delivery performance in financial and non financial terms. It is important for the triad to have the same perceptions regarding split deliveries, delivery window, dependability and flexibility. If the actors use the same method to measure delivery performance, the measurements will be reliable and useful for all actors within the triad. Triadic Relationship We claim that information sharing is very important. The studied triadic relationships show that if a supplier should measure what is important they have to know what is important for their customers. Another important aspect for the supplier is to have information about how the customers perceive the delivery performance. To be able to have a good service quality all service gaps should be analysed and closed. To be able to close the service gaps regarding delivery performance in a triadic relationship, information sharing is the key. There have to be collaboration between the different actors of the triad. Important tools to use if this should be possible are connected computer systems and shared information between all actors.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the post-conflict reconciliation, consolation, solicited affiliation, stress and redirection in the captive Formosan macaques¡]Macaca cyclopis¡^in the Taipei Zoo. I used the post-conflict and matched-control (PC-MC) method to calculate the conciliatory tendency (CCT) and the triadic contact tendency (TCT) in adult macaques. The mean CCT for kin (83.33%) was significantly higher than that for non-kin (0.36%), and victims initiated reconciliation toward aggressors in higher rank classes significant more than both of them were in the same rank. The mean TCTs of aggressors and the victims were similar toward different triadic contact opponents (opponent¡¦s kin, own kin, unrelated individual). The ratio of the attracted pairs of victims who reconciled with aggressors by sociosexual behavior (15.23%) was significant higher than dispersed pairs (non-exist). In addition, the ratio of attracted pairs of victims who reconciled with unrelated third party by affiliation (46.72%) was significant higher than the dispersed pairs (21.76%). The similar situation also occurred in sociosexual behavior (28.68% verse 1.75%). However, aggressors and victims had similar chance to take the initiative affiliation after conflict (P > 0.05) The frequency of self-directed behavior (SDB) of Formosan macaques was slightly higher in the first 4 minutes in PC. The frequency of SDB after reconciliation (14.6 bouts/100 min) was not significantly lower than that before reconciliation (23.2 bouts/100 min) or when affiliation behavior did not occur (22.3 bouts/100 min). When the conflict opponents were kin, the SDB frequency (16.1 bouts/100 min) was not significantly lower than non-kin (24.1 bouts/100 min). The targets of redirect aggression were mostly unrelated individuals (82.61%). The mean CCT of the victims (16.50%) did not significant differ from the mean consolation TCT of the victims (48.81%), which indicated that reconciliation and consolation played similar critical roles after conflict. The sociosexual behavior performed by victims only occurred in PC (34.85%), which indicated the purpose of sociosexual behavior in reconciliation was to prevent further attack from aggressors. The chance of victims did not involve reconciliation and consolation, but solicited affiliation with a third party in PC was 23.32%. This indicated that the solicited affiliation might function to exchange the aggressive supports from the third party in the following conflicts.