Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:48:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 450815.pdf: 5065821 bytes, checksum: 2adf40bee54ca570ae8de111cfe156ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-29 / This thesis aims to approach the issue of Italian immigration under a different bias: admissions of Italians and descendants at Hosp?cio S?o Pedro in Porto Alegre / RS between the years 1900 and 1925 for first admission. Through a quantitative history, but without losing sight of the qualitative, proposes to extract information from medical records of S?o Pedro in order to compare the admissions of Italians and other patients. Theoretical issues such as identity, gender and medical discourse direct empirical study of 1,158 medical documents, in order to answer if occurred differentiation in admissions between Italians and other inmates, and between men and women. Without being objective of the work, but part of it, the apprehension of different diagnoses enabled developing unusual form of an aspect of the history of psychiatry in Rio Grande do Sul, having the HSP as the stage. / Esta tese aborda a tem?tica da imigra??o italiana sob um vi?s diferente do usual: interna??es de italianos e descendentes no Hosp?cio S?o Pedro em Porto Alegre/RS entre os anos de 1900 e 1925 para primeira interna??o. Atrav?s de uma hist?ria quantitativa, mas sem perder de vista o qualitativo, se prop?e a extrair informa??es de prontu?rios m?dicos do S?o Pedro no intuito de comparar as interna??es dos italianos com as interna??es dos demais pacientes. Quest?es te?ricas tais como identidade, discurso m?dico e g?nero direcionam o estudo emp?rico de 1.158 documentos m?dicos, com a finalidade de responder se ocorreu diferencia??o nos internamentos entre italianos(as) e demais internos, e entre homens e mulheres. Sem ser objetivo do trabalho, mas fazendo parte dele, a apreens?o de diferentes diagn?sticos possibilitou o surgimento de forma inusitada de um aspecto da hist?ria da psiquiatria no Rio Grande do Sul, tendo por palco o HSP.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:53:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RidalvoMAO.pdf: 983858 bytes, checksum: 9d7af440fc2e650709bb958e39fbb63a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-10-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This work verifies the impact caused by the Emergencial Program of Reduction of Consumption of Electric Energy (energy-rationing program) in the results of the concessionary private companies of the public service of electric energy distribution localized in the Northeast Area. As the rationing invigorated from June 2001 to February 2002, its effects are diluted in the results presented by these companies in the second semester of 2001 and first quarter of 2002, with prominence for the last quarter of 2001, when the revenue of extraordinary tariff restore was instituted by the National Agency of Electric Energy (ANEEL), consequence of the so-called General Agreement of the Electric Sector made between the federal government and the companies of the electric sector. The structure of a generic electric sector and a historical review of the Brazilian electric sector from the time it was controlled by the private enterprises, including the State control period, about 1960, and returning to the control of the private enterprises in 1990, under a new regulation structure are presented. An explanation of the models of economic regulation that Brazil used for the electric sector is made, with prominence for the price cap that is the actual effective model. The process of tariff revision foreseen in the concession contracts signed by the federal government and the concessionary companies is presented, highlighting its two stages: the tariff rebalancing that defines the new price cap and the calculation of the factor X that establishes the efficiency goals for the companies. There is made a presentation of the Emergencial Program of Reduction of Consumption of Electric Energy and of the consequent General Agreement of the Electric Sector, which created the revenue of extraordinary tariff restore. A conceptual revision on reviews is presented, regarding to concepts, accomplishment and recognition. A brief review of the six companies that made part of the worked sample is also presented. Analyzing the quarters historical review and of amount of sold energy, it was possible to conclude that the energy-rationing altered the results of the studied companies significantly and that alteration was masked by the accounting process of the revenue of extraordinary tariff restore / Este trabalho verifica o impacto provocado pelo Programa Emergencial de Redu??o de Consumo de Energia El?trica (racionamento) nos resultados das empresas privadas concession?rias do servi?o p?blico de distribui??o de energia el?trica situadas na Regi?o Nordeste. Como o racionamento vigorou de junho de 2001 a fevereiro de 2002, os seus efeitos est?o dilu?dos nos resultados apresentados pelas empresas no segundo semestre de 2001 e primeiro trimestre de 2002, com destaque para o ?ltimo trimestre de 2001, quando foi institu?da pela Ag?ncia Nacional de Energia El?trica (ANEEL) a receita de recomposi??o tarif?ria extraordin?ria, fruto do chamado Acordo Geral do Setor El?trico pactuado entre o governo federal e as empresas do setor el?trico. Apresenta a estrutura de um setor el?trico gen?rico e uma revis?o hist?rica do setor el?trico brasileiro abrangendo desde a ?poca em que era controlado por empresas privadas, passando pelo per?odo de estatiza??o, por volta de 1960, e retornando ao controle da iniciativa privada em meados de 1990, sob uma nova estrutura de regula??o. ? feita uma explana??o sobre os modelos de regula??o econ?mica que o Brasil utilizou para o setor el?trico, com destaque para o price cap, que ? o modelo vigente atualmente. Apresenta o processo de revis?o tarif?ria prevista nos contratos de concess?o assinados pelo governo federal e pelas empresas concession?rias, destacando suas duas etapas: o reposicionamento tarif?rio, que define o novo pre?o-teto, e o c?lculo do fator X , que estabelece as metas de efici?ncia para as empresas. ? feita uma apresenta??o do Programa Emergencial de Redu??o de Consumo de Energia El?trica e do conseq?ente Acordo Geral do Setor El?trico, que deu origem ? receita de recomposi??o tarif?ria extraordin?ria. Apresenta uma revis?o conceitual sobre receitas, no que tange a conceitos, realiza??o e reconhecimento. Apresenta um breve hist?rico das seis empresas que fizeram parte da amostra trabalhada. Analisando os hist?ricos trimestrais de receita e de volume de energia vendida, foi poss?vel concluir que o racionamento de energia alterou significativamente os resultados das empresas estudadas e que essa altera??o foi mascarada pela medida cont?bil da receita de recomposi??o tarif?ria extraordin?ria

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-11-22T19:39:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FredSizenandoRossiterPinheiro_TESE.pdf: 2936282 bytes, checksum: e043d67f2ec70c4303eadd2ce8383354 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-11-22T23:29:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FredSizenandoRossiterPinheiro_TESE.pdf: 2936282 bytes, checksum: e043d67f2ec70c4303eadd2ce8383354 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-22T23:29:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FredSizenandoRossiterPinheiro_TESE.pdf: 2936282 bytes, checksum: e043d67f2ec70c4303eadd2ce8383354 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-17 / O surgimento da Telefonia Celular, a partir dos anos 1990, e a constru??o fren?tica de torres nas cidades assustou a popula??o, levou a comunidade cient?fica mundial e os ?rg?os de controle ambiental a dar maior aten??o ?s ondas eletromagn?ticas n?o ionizantes. Um estado pobre como o Rio Grande do Norte evoluiu a quantidade de celulares em opera??o de 340 mil no ano 2002 para 4,6 milh?es em 2014. No RN a quantidade de linhas celulares supera a pr?pria popula??o, com uma densidade de 128,98 acessos para cada 100 habitantes. Natal, a capital do RN, com 850 mil habitantes, j? possui 882 Esta??es R?dio Base dos Sistemas celulares em 167,26 km2 de ?rea urbana. O objetivo do presente trabalho ? fazer um diagn?stico sobre a exposi??o ? radia??o eletromagn?tica n?o ionizante em toda ?rea urbana da Cidade. A metodologia usada levou em conta medi??es de intensidade das radia??es feitas em 160 diferentes pontos da cidade. As medi??es foram feitas na faixa de 88MHz a 2.400 MHz. Os servi?os de telecomunica??es avaliados na pesquisa foram: TV (Broadcasting), R?dio FM (Broadcasting), Sistemas Celulares e WLAN (IEEE 802.11bg).Foram considerados para compara??o os limites de exposi??o do ICNIRP (InternationalCommission on Non IonizationProtection), par?metros: ?Intensidade de Campo El?trico? e ?Raz?o de Exposi??o? (ER). Resultados: de acordo com as medi??es realizadas, 48.48 % da exposi??o eletromagn?tica outdoor na cidade do Natal decorre da radia??o emitida pelos transmissores de TV. Da mesma forma, constatou-se que, em 77,2 % dos pontos pesquisados, a intensidade do campo el?trico gerada pelas TVs supera todos os demais servi?os de telecomunica??es, inclusive a Telefonia Celular. A Taxa de Exposi??o (ER) m?dia de Radia??o N?o Ionizante verificada para a faixa de frequ?ncia pesquisada foi de 4,43. 10 -3, enquanto o valor m?ximo foi de 7,67. 10-2. Foi desenvolvido modelo para estimativa do Campo El?trico gerado pelos transmissores das TVs em qualquer ponto da cidade. Utilizouse a T?cnica Estat?stica de Regress?o Multivariada, a partir das 160 amostras. As equa??es finais obtidas permitem as estimativas com grau de precis?o R2 superior a 0,9, p<0,1. Constatou-se que o expoente de atenua??o para propaga??o de RF na cidade varia entre 2,8 e 3,8. A exposi??o eletromagn?tica ? RNI em ambientes outdoor em Natal est? em n?veis abaixo dos limites de seguran?a definidos pelo ICNIRP e ANATEL. Os servi?os que mais contribuem para RNI em Natal s?o: 1-TV, 2-Sistema Celular e 3-R?dios FMs. / The electromagnetic waves used in the telecommunication systems until the 1980?s were considered by the governments environmental control organs as apparently ?clean? forms of energy, whose effects weren?t considered any harmful to people?s health. The development of the mobile cellular telecommunication, beginning in the 1990?s, and the frenetic construction of antennas in the cities? urban areas scared the population in general and turned the attention of the world?s scientific community to the theme. In a poor Brazilian State, such as Rio Grande do Norte ? RN (GDP:R$ 51,4 billion in 2013) , the amount of cellular phones in operation went from 340.000 in 2002 to 4.6 million phones in 2014. In RN the number of cellular lines overcomes its own population, with a density of 128.98 accesses for each 100 inhabitants. Natal, the capital city of the State, with 850.000 inhabitants, already has 885 radio base stations of the cellular systems in 167.26 km? of urban area. The data is from ANATEL (august 2015). The objective of this work is to make a diagnosis about the actual situation of the emission of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation in all urban area of the city of Natal. The methodology used took into account measurements of the intensity of the radiation taken in 160 different sites throughout the city. This radiation was measured in the range of 88MHz to 2.400 MHz. The collected data was compared to the limits of exposure of the ICNIRP (International Commission on Non Ionization Protection). The ICNIRP parameters used as reference were: ?intensity of electric field? and ?exposure ratio?. The telecommunication services researched were: TV broadcasting, FM radio broadcasting, cellular systems and WLAN (IEE 802.11bg). The obtained results allowed the drawing of a map comparing the data between the measured values and the limits of exposure to RNI defined by ICNIRP and ANATEL. The evaluation criteria used was the parameters Intensity of Electric Field and Exposure Ratio (ER). Results: according to the measurements taken, 48.48% of the outdoor electromagnetic exposure in the municipality of Natal are originated from TV transmitters. Similarly, in 77.2% of the researched locations, the intensity of the electric field originated from TVs overcomes all the rest of the wireless telecommunication services, including the cellular system. Based on the information that the radiation emitted by the TV transmitters is the most relevant in the city, a model to estimate the intensity of the electric field resulting from this service in any point in town was developed. This model was developed based on multivariate regression techniques. The final equations obtained allowed the estimative of the electric field with a level of precision R2> 0,9 and p<0,1. It was found that the exponent RF propagation attenuation in Natal varies between 2.6 and 2.8.The average Exposure Rate (ER) to NIR observed in the researched frequency rate was of 4.43.10-3, while the maximum value was of 7.67. 10- Conclusions: The results of the study demonstrated that the levels of electromagnetic exposure to NIR in outdoor environments in the city of Natal are lower than the security limits set by ICNIRP and ANATEL. The services that contribute most to NIR in Natal are 1-TV, 2- Cellular System and 3-FM Radios.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AntonioRGpdf.pdf: 5141308 bytes, checksum: d76799635535d71b79841802f1a64db0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-30 / Petr?leo Brasileiro SA - PETROBRAS / Exploration of heavy oil reservoirs is increasing every year in worldwide, because the discovery of light oil reservoirs is becoming increasingly rare. This fact has stimulated the research with the purpose of becoming viable, technically and economically, the exploration of such oil reserves. In Brazil, in special in the Northeast region, there is a large amount of heavy oil reservoir, where the recovery by the so called secondary methods Water injection or gas injection is inefficient or even impracticable in some reservoirs with high viscosity oils (heavy oils). In this scenario, steam injection appears as an interesting alternative for recover of these kinds of oil reservoirs. Its main mechanism consists of oil viscosity reduction through steam injection, increasing reservoir temperature. This work presents a parametric simulation study of some operational and reservoir variables that had influence on oil recovery in thin reservoirs typically found in Brazilian Northeast Basins, that use the steam injection as improved oil recovery method. To carry out simulations, it was used the commercial software STARS (Steam, Thermal, and Advanced Processes Reservoir Simulator) from CMG (Computer Modeling Group) version 2007.11. Reservoirs variables studied were horizontal permeability, vertical and horizontal permeability ratio, water zone and pay zone thickness ratio, pay zone thickness and thermal conductivity of the rock. Whereas, operational parameters studied were distance between wells and steam injection rate. Results showed that reservoir variables that had more influence on oil recovery were horizontal permeability and water zone and pay zone thickness ratio. In relation to operational variables, results showed that short distances between wells and low steam injection rates improved oil recovery / A cada ano tem ocorrido cada vez mais a explora??o de reservas de ?leo pesado em diversas regi?es do mundo. Isto tem sido feito porque ? cada vez mais rara a exist?ncia de jazidas petrol?feras de ?leos leves. Este fato tem impulsionado in?meras pesquisas em dire??o a tornar vi?vel, do ponto de vista operacional e econ?mico, a explora??o de tais reservas de ?leo. No Brasil, em especial na regi?o Nordeste, existe uma grande quantidade de reservat?rios de ?leos pesados, onde a recupera??o pelos m?todos ditos secund?rios inje??o de ?gua e gases mostram-se ineficientes ou at? invi?veis em alguns reservat?rios que apresentam ?leos de elevada viscosidade. Neste cen?rio, a inje??o de vapor surge como uma alternativa bastante interessante na recupera??o do ?leo desses tipos de reservat?rios. Seu principal mecanismo consiste na redu??o da viscosidade do ?leo por meio da inje??o de um fluido aquecido, no caso, vapor de ?gua, aumentando a temperatura do reservat?rio. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo param?trico das vari?veis de reservat?rio e operacionais que influenciam no fator de recupera??o de ?leo ao longo da vida produtiva do reservat?rio em reservat?rios delgados tipicamente encontrados em Bacias do Nordeste brasileiro, que utilizam a inje??o de vapor como m?todo avan?ado de recupera??o. O estudo foi conduzido atrav?s de simula??o num?rica, utilizando o programa STARS (Steam, Thermal, and Advanced Processes Reservoir Simulator) do grupo CMG (Computer Modelling Group) vers?o 2007.11. As vari?veis de reservat?rio compreenderam a permeabilidade horizontal, a raz?o entre a permeabilidade vertical e horizontal, a raz?o entre a zona de ?gua e a de ?leo, a espessura da zona produtora de ?leo e a condutividade t?rmica da rocha. Enquanto que os par?metros operacionais estudados foram a dist?ncia entre po?os e a vaz?o de inje??o de vapor. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que as vari?veis de reservat?rios que mais influenciaram no fator de recupera??o foram a permeabilidade horizontal e a raz?o entre a zona de ?gua e de ?leo. Com rela??o ?s vari?veis operacionais, menores dist?ncias entre po?os e vaz?es de inje??o melhoram o fator de recupera??o durante a vida produtiva do reservat?rio

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KeilaRSpdf.pdf: 4445609 bytes, checksum: 3395044458045d549e1940f35912e4a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-31 / Petr?leo Brasileiro SA - PETROBRAS / Due to reservoirs complexity and significantly large reserves, heavy oil recovery has become one of the major oil industry challenges. Thus, thermal methods have been widely used as a strategic method to improve heavy oil recovery. These methods improve oil displacement through viscosity reduction, enabling oil production in fields which are not considered commercial by conventional recovery methods. Among the thermal processes, steam flooding is the most used today. One consequence in this process is gravity segregation, given by difference between reservoir and injected fluids density. This phenomenon may be influenced by the presence of reservoir heterogeneities. Since most of the studies are carried out in homogeneous reservoirs, more detailed studies of heterogeneities effects in the reservoirs during steam flooding are necessary, since most oil reservoirs are heterogeneous. This paper presents a study of reservoir heterogeneities and their influence in gravity segregation during steam flooding process. In this study some heterogeneous reservoirs with physical characteristics similar those found in the Brazilian Northeast Basin were analyzed. To carry out the simulations, it was used the commercial simulator STARS by CMG (Computer Modeling Group) - version 2007.11. Heterogeneities were modeled with lower permeability layers. Results showed that the presence of low permeability barriers can improve the oil recovery, and reduce the effects of gravity segregation, depending on the location of heterogeneities. The presence of these barriers have also increased the recovered fraction even with the reduction of injected steam rate / Devido a complexidade dos reservat?rios e as reservas significativamente grandes, a recupera??o de ?leos pesados tem se tornado um dos grandes desafios da ind?stria petrol?fera. Os processos de recupera??o t?rmica t?m sido largamente empregados como um m?todo estrat?gico para melhorar a recupera??o de ?leo pesado. Estes melhoram o escoamento de ?leos atrav?s da redu??o da viscosidade, viabilizando a produ??o de petr?leo em campos considerados n?o comerciais pelos m?todos convencionais de recupera??o. Entre os m?todos t?rmicos, a inje??o de vapor ? o mais utilizado atualmente. Uma consequ?ncia inerente a este processo ? a segrega??o gravitacional, dada pela diferen?a de densidades dos fluidos do reservat?rio e o injetado. Este fen?meno ? fortemente influenciado pela presen?a de heterogeneidades. Como a maior parte dos estudos ? realizada em reservat?rios homog?neos, necessita-se de um estudo mais detalhado dos efeitos das heterogeneidades nos reservat?rios durante a inje??o de vapor, j? que a maioria dos reservat?rios de petr?leo s?o heterog?neos. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo da influ?ncia da presen?a de heterogeneidades na segrega??o gravitacional durante o processo de inje??o cont?nua de vapor. Os modelos estudados representam reservat?rios heterog?neos com caracter?sticas similares ?s encontradas no Nordeste brasileiro. Para a realiza??o das simula??es, foi utilizado o simulador comercial STARS (Steam, Thermal, and Advanced Processes Reservoir Simulator) do grupo CMG (Computer Modelling Group) vers?o 2007.11. As heterogeneidades foram modeladas como camadas de baixa permeabilidade. Os resultados mostraram que a presen?a de barreiras de baixa permeabilidade pode melhorar a recupera??o de ?leo, al?m de reduzir os efeitos da segrega??o gravitacional, dependendo da localiza??o da heterogeneidade. A presen?a dessas barreiras tamb?m permitiu o aumento da fra??o recuperada mesmo com a redu??o da vaz?o de inje??o do vapor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ErnestoVBa_DISSERT.pdf: 9825397 bytes, checksum: 732b67b111fb317d406c771240e47d87 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-18 / Electrical resistive heating (ERH) is a thermal method used to improve oil recovery. It can increase oil rate and oil recovery due to temperature increase caused by electrical current passage through oil zone. ERH has some advantage compared with well-known thermal methods such as continuous steam flood, presenting low-water production. This method can be applied to reservoirs with different characteristics and initial reservoir conditions. Commercial software was used to test several cases using a semi-synthetic homogeneous reservoir with some characteristics as found in northeast Brazilian basins. It was realized a sensitivity analysis of some reservoir parameters, such as: oil zone, aquifer presence, gas cap presence and oil saturation on oil recovery and energy consumption. Then it was tested several cases studying the electrical variables considered more important in the process, such as: voltage, electrical configurations and electrodes positions. Energy optimization by electrodes voltage levels changes and electrical settings modify the intensity and the electrical current distribution in oil zone and, consequently, their influences in reservoir temperature reached at some regions. Results show which reservoir parameters were significant in order to improve oil recovery and energy requirement in for each reservoir. Most significant parameters on oil recovery and electrical energy delivered were oil thickness, presence of aquifer, presence of gas cap, voltage, electrical configuration and electrodes positions. Factors such as: connate water, water salinity and relative permeability to water at irreducible oil saturation had low influence on oil recovery but had some influence in energy requirements. It was possible to optimize energy consumption and oil recovery by electrical variables. Energy requirements can decrease by changing electrodes voltages during the process. This application can be extended to heavy oil reservoirs of high depth, such as offshore fields, where nowadays it is not applicable any conventional thermal process such as steam flooding / O Aquecimento El?trico Resistivo (AER) ? um m?todo t?rmico usado para aumentar a recupera??o de petr?leo. Este aumenta a vaz?o de ?leo e conseq?entemente a recupera??o de petr?leo devido ao aumento de temperatura promovida pela passagem de corrente el?trica na zona de interesse. O AER tem algumas vantagens sobre m?todos t?rmicos conhecidos, como inje??o cont?nua de vapor, por apresentar baixa produ??o de ?gua, podendo ser aplicado a reservat?rios com diversas caracter?sticas e diversas condi??es iniciais. Um software comercial foi usado para testar v?rios casos usando um reservat?rio homog?neo semi-sint?tico com algumas caracter?sticas encontradas em reservat?rio da bacia sedimentar do Nordeste Brasileiro. Foi realizada uma an?lise de sensibilidade dos par?metros de reservat?rio, tais como: espessura da zona de ?leo, presen?as de capa de g?s e de aq??fero e satura??o de ?leo, na recupera??o de ?leo e consumo de energia el?trica. V?rios casos foram testados usando vari?veis el?tricas consideradas mais importantes no processo, tais como: tens?o, configura??es el?tricas e posi??es dos eletrodos. Os resultados mostram que os par?metros de reservat?rio foram significativos no sentido de aumentar a recupera??o de ?leo e a demanda de energia em cada reservat?rio. Os par?metros mais significativos na recupera??o de ?leo e no consumo de energia foram: a espessura da zona de ?leo, presen?as de capa de g?s e de aq??fero, as configura??es el?tricas e a posi??o dos eletrodos. Fatores como: satura??o irredut?vel de ?gua, salinidade da ?gua e a permeabilidade relativa da ?gua na satura??o residual de ?leo tiveram pouca influ?ncia na recupera??o de ?leo, mas tiveram uma influ?ncia maior na demanda de energia. Foi poss?vel otimizar o consumo de energia com a recupera??o de ?leo usando as vari?veis el?tricas. Estas aplica??es podem ser estendidas para reservat?rios de ?leo pesado e de grande profundidade, como em campos mar?timos (offshore), onde atualmente n?o ? poss?vel o uso de m?todos t?rmicos convencionais de recupera??o, como a inje??o de vapor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:53:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FabioFCF.pdf: 875120 bytes, checksum: 089fb9e8e722351411a9dbd3d86bbef4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-19 / The Combinatorial Optimization is a basic area to companies who look for competitive advantages in the diverse productive sectors and the Assimetric Travelling Salesman Problem, which one classifies as one of the most important problems of this area, for being a problem of the NP-hard class and for possessing diverse practical applications, has increased interest of researchers in the development of metaheuristics each more efficient to assist in its resolution, as it is the case of Memetic Algorithms, which is a evolutionary algorithms that it is used of the genetic operation in combination with a local search procedure. This work explores the technique of Viral Infection in one Memetic Algorithms where the infection substitutes the mutation operator for obtaining a fast evolution or extinguishing of species (KANOH et al, 1996) providing a form of acceleration and improvement of the solution . For this it developed four variants of Viral Infection applied in the Memetic Algorithms for resolution of the Assimetric Travelling Salesman Problem where the agent and the virus pass for a symbiosis process which favored the attainment of a hybrid evolutionary algorithms and computational viable / A Otimiza??o Combinat?ria ? uma ?rea fundamental para empresas que buscam vantagens competitivas nos diversos setores produtivos, e o Problema do Caixeiro Viajante Assim?trico, o qual se classifica como um dos mais importantes problemas desta ?rea, devido a ser um problema da classe NP-dif?cil e tamb?m por possuir diversas aplica??es pr?ticas, tem despertado interesse de pesquisadores no desenvolvimento de Metaheur?sticas cada vez mais eficientes para auxiliar na sua resolu??o, como ? o caso do Algoritmo Mem?tico, o qual ? um algoritmo evolutivo que se utiliza dos operadores gen?ticos em combina??o com um procedimento de busca local. Este trabalho explora a t?cnica de Infec??o Viral em um Algoritmo Mem?tico, onde a infec??o substitui o operador de muta??o por conseguir uma r?pida evolu??o ou extin??o de esp?cies (KANOH et al., 1996), proporcionando uma forma de acelera??o e melhoria da solu??o. Para isto se desenvolveu quatro variantes de Infec??o Viral aplicadas no Algoritmo Mem?tico para resolu??o do Problema do Caixeiro Viajante Assim?trico, onde o agente e o v?rus passam por um processo de Simbiose, as quais favoreceram a obten??o de um algoritmo evolutivo h?brido e computacionalmente vi?vel

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ErikaASG_TESE_partes_autorizadas.pdf: 3587859 bytes, checksum: 8731a4ebad1b8f6f11b36c879b4a1a76 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-30 / The WAT is the temperature at the beginning of the appearance of wax crystals. At this temperature the first wax crystals are formed by the cooling systems paraffin / solvents. Paraffins are composed of a mixture of saturated hydrocarbons of high molecular weight. The removal of petroleum from wells and the production lines means a surcharge on produced oil, thus solubilize these deposits formed due to modifications of thermodynamics has been a constant challenge for companies of oil exploration. This study combines the paraffin solubilization by microemulsion systems, the determination of WAT systems paraffin / solvent and performance of surfactant in reducing the crystallization. We used the methods: rheological and the photoelectric signal, validating the latter which was developed to optimize the data obtained due to sensitivity of the equipment used. Methods developed for description of wax precipitation are often in poor agreement with the experimental data, they tend to underestimate the amount of wax at temperatures below the turbidity point. The Won method and the Ideal solution method were applied to the WAT data obtained in solvent systems, best represented by the second interaction of Won method using the solvents naphtha, hexane and LCO. It was observed that the results obtained by WAT photoelectric signal when compared with the viscosity occur in advance, demonstrating the greatest sensitivity of the method developed. The ionic surfactant reduced the viscosity of the solvent systems as it acted modifying the crystalline structure and, consequently, the pour point. The curves show that the WAT experimental data is, in general, closer to the modeling performed by the method of Won than to the one performed by the ideal solution method, because this method underestimates the curve predicting the onset of paraffin hydrocarbons crystallization temperature. This occurs because the actual temperature measured was the crystallization temperature and the method proposes the fusion temperature measurement. / A TIAC ? a temperatura de in?cio do aparecimento dos cristais de parafina. Nesta temperatura os primeiros cristais de parafina s?o formados, pelo resfriamento de sistemas parafina/solventes. As parafinas s?o compostas de uma mistura de hidrocarbonetos saturados de alto peso molecular. A remo??o de parafinas dos po?os e das linhas de produ??o significa um custo adicional ao petr?leo produzido, portanto solubilizar estes dep?sitos formados decorrentes das modifica??es termodin?micas tem sido um desafio constante das empresas exploradoras de petr?leo. Este estudo alia a solubiliza??o paraf?nica por sistemas microemulsionados, ? determina??o da TIAC dos sistemas parafina/solvente e a atua??o do tensoativo na redu??o da cristaliza??o. Utilizaram-se os m?todos: reol?gico e o do sinal fotoel?trico, validando este ?ltimo o qual foi desenvolvido visando aperfei?oar os dados obtidos devido a sensibilidade do equipamento utilizado. M?todos desenvolvidos para descri??o da precipita??o da cera est?o freq?entemente em pobre concord?ncia com os dados experimentais; eles tendem a subestimar a quantidade de cera ?s temperaturas abaixo do ponto de turbidez. Foram aplicados os m?todos de Won e o da solu??o ideal aos dados de TIAC da parafina obtidos em sistemas com solventes, sendo melhor representado pela segunda intera??o do m?todo de Won com os solventes: nafta, hexano e LCO. Foi observado que os resultados de TIAC obtidos pelo sinal fotoel?trico quando comparados com a viscosidade, ocorrem antecipadamente, demonstrando a maior sensibilidade do m?todo desenvolvido. O tensoativo i?nico reduziu a viscosidade dos sistemas paraf?nicos, pois ele atuou modificando a estrutura cristalina, conseq?entemente o ponto de fluidez. As curvas que representam os dados experimentais da TIAC est?o, de maneira geral, mais pr?ximas da modelagem realizada pelo m?todo de Won do que da solu??o ideal, pois este m?todo subestima a curva de predi??o do in?cio da temperatura de cristaliza??o da parafina com os hidrocarbonetos. Isto ocorre porque a temperatura real medida foi a de cristaliza??o, e a proposta pelos m?todos ? a de fus?o

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:14:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DarlanAM.pdf: 1159480 bytes, checksum: d201bf0e3558be6b14b14c9a86a46f20 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-03-10 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / In this work we have studied the problem of percolation in a multifractal geometric support, in its di&#64256;erent versions, and we have analysed the conection between this problem and the standard percolation and also the connection with the critical phenomena formalism. The projection of the multifractal structure into the subjacent regular lattice allows to map the problem of random percolation in the multifractal lattice into the problem of correlated percolation in the regular lattice. Also we have investigated the critical behavior of the invasion percolation model in this type of environment. We have discussed get the &#64257;nite size e&#64256;ects / Nesta disserta??o estudamos o problema da percola??o num suporte geom?trico multifractal, em suas diferentes vers?es, e analisamos a conex?o deste problema com a percola??o convencional e com o formalismo dos fen?menos cr?ticos. A proje??o da estrutura multifractal numa rede regular subjacente permite mapear o problema da percola??o aleat?ria no multifractal num problema de percola??o correlacionada numa rede regular. Tamb?m investigamos o comportamento cr?tico do modelo da percola??o por invas?o neste tipo de ambiente e discutimos a quest?o do efeito de tamanho &#64257;nito

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:26:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoaoSSN.pdf: 5224762 bytes, checksum: 4021177e0509af10223ad40751ece2f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-10 / The present essay shows strategies of improvement in a well succeded evolutionary metaheuristic to solve the Asymmetric Traveling Salesman Problem. Such steps consist in a Memetic Algorithm projected mainly to this problem. Basically this improvement applied optimizing techniques known as Path-Relinking and Vocabulary Building. Furthermore, this last one has being used in two different ways, in order to evaluate the effects of the improvement on the evolutionary metaheuristic. These methods were implemented in C++ code and the experiments were done under instances at TSPLIB library, being possible to observe that the procedures purposed reached success on the tests done / O presente trabalho prop?e estrat?gias de melhoria em uma bem sucedida metaheur ?stica evolucionaria para a resolu??o do Problema do Caixeiro Viajante Assim?trico. Tal procedimento consiste em um algoritmo mem?tico projetado especificamente para esse problema. Essas melhorias t?m por base a aplica??o de t?cnicas de otimiza??o conhecidas como Path-Relinking e Vocabulary Building, sendo essa ?ltima t?cnica utilizada de dois modos distintos, com o intuito de avaliar os efeitos de melhoria sobre a metaheur?stica evolucion?ria empregada. Os m?todos propostos foram implementados na linguagem de programa??o C++ e os experimentos computacionais foram realizados sobre inst?ncias disponibilizadas na biblioteca TSPLIB, tornando poss?vel observar que os procedimentos propostos alcan?aram ?xito nos testes realizados