The diploma thesis is focused on the current state evaluation of conditions and implementation of educational excursion in the Czech Republic and the economic impact of existing alternatives. The theoretical part defines the educational tourism's market and delimits the educational excursion's peculiarities. The thesis also contains interviews with high school representatives who organize the educational excursions in their practice and the results of questionnaire of secondary schools. The comparison of obtained information reflects the current state of educational excursion's implementation in the Czech Republic. Output of this work is evaluation of educational excursion's direct economic impact.

The species diversity, aktivity, equitability and human impact were studied using epigeic beetle communities on transect whest field field trip and alfaalfa field. The materiál was collected by pitfall traps during the period Juni-September 20016 in cadastr of the town Písek in the Southern Bohemia. 38 species and 567 individuals were kept together. Activita of beetles differs in studied plots. The highest aktivity was found on fields and the lowest in field trip. Index of human impact was very similar on studied plots wheat 2,5, field trip 12, rape 0). I tis clear that alll studied are strongly impacted by human acticity. The frequency of relic species were (Dragons and Ground beetles) 20% only on all studied plots 80,00%. The adaptible species absent on field cultures and was found on field trip only. 6 species of adaptible (stenotopic) species were found on field trip only, but their aktivity were very low. The equitability of communities in filed plots was very low (2,331 2,474). The highest equitabilty was found on field trip (3,04). The ordination of commuties indicate the close similarity. The species diversaity is very similar in all communities on studied plots. We recommend the change of sowing management and the lower agrotechnic interference in studied locality. We recommend to enhance the plots of biocorridors and biocenters. The stuided field trip plays a role for the increse of the biodiversity of epigeic beetles, which are important for the reduction of pest organisms in agricultural landscape.

Indian cities have been witnessing rapid transformation due to the synergistic effect of industrialisation, flourishing-economy, motorisation, population explosion, and migration. The alarming increase in travel demand as an after effect of the transformation, and the scarcity in transport infrastructures have exacerbated urban transport issues such as congestion, pollution, and inequity. Due to the escalating cost of transport infrastructure and the scarcity of resources such as space, there has been an increasing interest in promoting sustainable transportation policy measures for the optimum use of existing resources. Such policy measures mostly target the activitytravel behaviour of individuals to bring about desired changes in the transport sector. However, the responses of individuals to most of the measures are complex or unknown. The current ‘commute trip-based’ aggregate travel demand analysis strategy followed in most of the Indian cities is inadequate for providing basic inputs to understand the activity-travel behaviour of individuals under such policy interventions. Furthermore, the current analysis strategy also ignores the activitytravel behaviour of non-workers – who include homemakers, unemployed, and retired individuals – whose inclusion to transportation planning is relevant when the proposed policies are mostly ‘citizen-centric’. Analysis of activity-travel behaviour of non-workers provide important inputs to transportation planning as their activity-travel behaviour, and responses to transportation policies are different from that of workers. However, case studies exploring the activity-travel behaviour of non-workers from Indian cities are very limited. Appraising the practical importance of this subject, the current research undertakes a comprehensive analysis of the activity-travel behaviour of non-workers from a developing country’s context. To fulfil the goal, a series of empirical analysis are conducted on a primary activity-travel weekday survey data collected from Bangalore city. The analysis provides insightful findings and interpretations consistent with a developing country’s perspective. The day-planner format of time use diary, which was observed to have satisfactory performances in developed countries, is apparently have inferior performances in a developing country’s context. Further, the face-to-face method of survey administration is observed to have higher operating and economic efficiencies compared to the drop-off and pick-up method. The comprehensive analysis of activity-travel behaviour of non-workers indicate that comparing with their counterparts in the developed world (e.g. the U.S.), non-workers in Bangalore city are observed to have lower activity participation level (in terms of time allocation and number of stops), higher dependency on walking, lower trip chaining tendency, and a distinct time-of-day preference for departing to activity locations. On the other hand, the analysis shows similarities (mode use and trip chaining) and differences (time allocation and departure time choice) with the findings of the case studies from the developing world (e.g. China). Activity-travel behaviour of non-workers belonging to low-income households is characterised by lower activity participation level, higher dependency on sustainable transport modes, and lower trip chaining propensity, compared to other two income groups (middle and high-income groups). The research also suggests that built environment measures have their highest impacts on non-workers’ travel decisions related to shopping. Finally, the joint analysis of activity participation and travel behaviour of non-workers indicate that in-home maintenance activity duration drives the time allocation and travel behaviour of non-workers, and non-workers trade in-home discretionary activity duration with travel time. The joint analysis also shows that the time spent on children’s and elders’ activity is an important time allocation of its own. Keywords: Activity-travel behaviour, Non-worker, Time Use, Income Groups, India

O objetivo desta Tese é a proposição de uma metodologia alternativa para planejamento de transportes que contempla as ferramentas disponíveis na ciência do sensoriamento remoto. A perspectiva adotada analisa aspectos do planejamento de transportes urbanos, tendo como embasamento os dados e informações advindos das imagens de satélite com alto poder de resolução espacial. A metodologia usa a abordagem baseada em objetos para classificar imagens de satélite de sensoriamento remoto. Através do processo de classificação, identificam-se feições urbanas úteis para o planejamento de transporte, em especial áreas de concentração de polos geradores de viagens do município de João Pessoa no estado da Paraíba, Brasil. A proposta é que com base nesses dados, e outros provenientes de uma pesquisa de campo (pesquisa domiciliar origem/destino), é possível caracterizar o uso do solo e a correspondente demanda por transportes. O estudo se justifica por propor uma alternativa mais ágil e menos onerosa, em comparação aos métodos tradicionais de construção e atualização da base de dados para análises de transportes. Ao identificar as regiões da cidade com as maiores quantidades de viagens geradas, os resultados obtidos auxiliam nas ações de planejamento do sistema de transportes, visando alcançar o equilíbrio entre oferta e demanda de transporte com o uso do solo urbano. / The objective of this Thesis is to propose an alternative method of transportation planning that considers the tools available in the science of remote sensing. The perspective adopted examines aspects of urban transportation planning, having as basis the data and information coming from satellite images with high spatial resolution. The methodology uses the object-based approach to classify remote sensing satellite imagery. Through the classification process, urban features useful for transportation planning are identified, mainly areas of concentration of trip generation in the city of João Pessoa, state of Paraíba, Brazil. The proposal is that, based on these data, and others from a field research (origin/destination home-interview survey), it is possible to characterize the land use and the corresponding demand for transport. The study is justified because it proposes a more agile and less costly alternative, compared to traditional methods of building and updating the database for transport analysis. By identifying areas of the city with the largest amounts of trips generated, the results support planning actions on the transportation system, in order to achieve a balance between transport supply and demand with urban land use.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:06:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5666.pdf: 3321258 bytes, checksum: c402c2fb8a619d07842991622736ea5a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-22 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / Code generators play a key role in model-driven software development. They are responsible for transforming high-level assets (models) into implementation assets (code). Most generators are based on templates, which are pieces of text instrumented with code expansion elements. They receive an input and produce an output according to the template's programming. To build such template-based generators, the code of an existing implementation, already tested and validated, can be used as a reference, in a process known as code migration. With software evolution and the need for changes in the code generator, the templates start to differ from this reference implementation. In order to restablish the synchronization, additional effort is required. Tackling the challenge of keeping these assets synchronized (reference implementation and templates) is this dissertation's subject. The goal is to provide some automation to the code migration process, even if partial, in order to increase productivity in the maintenance of code generators. A mechanism was developed to make it possible to automatically reproduce changes that are performed in the reference implementation into one or more code generation templates. This mechanism was evaluated through an empirical study, yielding good performance in a controlled environment. This indicates that automation can help to reduce the effort in the maintenance of code generators in a model-driven development context. / Os geradores de código desempenham um papel fundamental no desenvolvimento de software orientado a modelos. São responsáveis pela transformação dos artefatos de alto nível de abstração (modelo) em elementos de implementação (código). Os tipos mais comuns de geradores são os baseados em template. São compostos fundamentalmente por elementos de expansão de código, que recebem uma entrada e a convertem em código, conforme a programação inserida nesses templates. O código de uma implementação já testado e validado pode servir de referência para a criação de templates, por meio de um processo conhecido como migração de código. Com a dinâmica da evolução do software e a necessidade de efetuar mudanças no gerador de código ocorre a perda de sincronismo entre os templates e esse código de referência, sendo necessário um esforço adicional para mantê-los sincronizados. O desafio de manter esses artefatos sincronizados constituiu o objetivo desta dissertação de mestrado, que proporcionou ganhos de produtividade, por meio de uma automação, ainda que parcial, desse processo. Nesse sentido, foi desenvolvido um mecanismo para propagar automaticamente as alterações introduzidas no código de referência para os templates, que reduziu o tempo e facilitou a manutenção de geradores de código que sofrem com o problema da perda de sincronismo nesses artefatos. O protótipo para a migração automática de código desenvolvido nesta dissertação foi submetido a um estudo empírico, atingindo um bom desempenho com a sua utilização na maioria das tarefas de migração de código avaliadas, o que indica que a automação pode ajudar a resolver o problema e reduzir o esforço de manutenção no desenvolvimento de software orientado a modelos.

Submitted by Izabel Franco (izabel-franco@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-06T17:59:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissJFSN.pdf: 5729965 bytes, checksum: 946688f479f7780db197fa49b4b4c853 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-20T13:51:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissJFSN.pdf: 5729965 bytes, checksum: 946688f479f7780db197fa49b4b4c853 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-20T13:51:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissJFSN.pdf: 5729965 bytes, checksum: 946688f479f7780db197fa49b4b4c853 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-20T13:51:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissJFSN.pdf: 5729965 bytes, checksum: 946688f479f7780db197fa49b4b4c853 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-21 / Não recebi financiamento / Vehicle routing problems occur in many practical situations where the pickup and/or delivery of goods is required. In this context, the present research aims to contribute to the study of logistic operations that arise in companies that deliver products on a regular basis to customers in densely populated urban areas. The problem consists in designing minimal cost daily routes serving the maximal number of customers. To this end, the crew of each vehicle comprise multiple deliverymen as means to reduce service times. Based on a case study in a drinks producer and distributor in the state of São Paulo, it is proposed a mixed integer linear programming model that comprise costs with own and chartered vehicles and the number of deliverymen, and various operational constraints such as time windows in customers, multiple daily trips, time limitations for the circulation of some vehicle types in specific areas, compatibility between vehicles and customers, maximum load in each vehicle, maximum route time and minimum load for the realization of a second trip. Results obtained by solving the model with real instances through exact (branch&cut), heuristic (constructive, local search, GRASP and Simulated Annealing) and hybrid (GRASP and branch&cut) approaches demonstrate the good quality of the generated solutions, and indicate the potential of application of some of these methods in practice. / Problemas de roteamento de veículos ocorrem em diversas situações práticas onde se faz necessária a distribuição e/ou coleta de produtos. Nesse contexto, a presente pesquisa visa o estudo das operações logísticas presentes em empresas que entregam produtos em base regular a clientes localizados em áreas urbanas de alta densidade demográfica. O problema consiste na obtenção de rotas de mínimo custo visando o atendimento do maior número de clientes da carteira diária. Para tal, a tripulação de cada veículo pode contemplar múltiplos entregadores para redução dos tempos de serviço. Com base em um estudo de caso em uma distribuidora de bebidas do interior do Estado de São Paulo, é proposto um modelo de programação linear inteira mista que considera custos com frota própria e fretada e com o número de entregadores, e diversas restrições operacionais, tais como janelas de tempo em clientes, múltiplas viagens diárias, limitações de horários de circulação de tipos de veículos, compatibilidade entre veículos e clientes, capacidade máxima de carga a ser transportada em cada veículo, tempo máximo de rota e carga mínima para realização da segunda viagem. Resultados da resolução do modelo para instâncias reais por meio de abordagens exatas (branch&cut), heurísticas (construtiva, busca local, GRASP e Simulated Annealing) e híbrida (GRASP e branch&cut), demonstram a boa qualidade das soluções geradas, e evidenciam o potencial de uso dessas metodologias na prática.

O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo do meio sobre o tema desenvolvimento sustentável que teve trabalho de campo em maio de 2001 no Estado do Amapá para analisar a implantação do Programa de Desenvolvimento Sustentável daquele Estado. Nasceu a partir de uma proposta do currículo de Geografia e envolveu alunos e alunas do 3º ano do Ensino Médio de uma escola privada da cidade de São Paulo. O objetivo desta tese é analisar a metodologia do estudo do meio na construção de uma aprendizagem significativa para alunos e alunas envolvidos no processo, com base nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais e em teóricos como Pontuschka, Bittencourt e Castellar. Discorre sobre o processo de aquisição do espírito científico, a partir da utilização do método dialético. Discute a concepção de ensino/aprendizagem tendo como base Vigotsky a partir dos conceitos de Zona de Desenvolvimento Proximal e do caráter Interacionista de uma prática educativa escolar. Fundamenta-se em teóricos como Zabala, Coll e Solé no que diz respeito ao papel do professor, à aquisição de conteúdos conceituais, procedimentais e atitudinais e à adoção de um enfoque globalizador, entendido como sinônimo de interdisciplinaridade. Aborda importantes temas da Geografia tais como: Diversidade Cultural, Amazônia, Segregação Espacial, Paisagem, Território, Meio Ambiente, Desenvolvimento Sustentável, entre outros. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, realizada a partir da metodologia de análise documental, considerando a produção dos alunos e alunas registrada nos cadernos de campo, diários de viagem, em entrevistas concedidas a periódicos no Amapá, nos testemunhos para o site da escola e nas monografias elaboradas. / This thesis presents a field project on sustainable Development. The objective of the field trip, which took place in May 2001 in the state of Amapá, was to examine the implementation of the Program for Sustainable Development in the State. The project involved students who study in a private school in the city of Sao Paulo and who were in their final year at high school. The aim of this thesis is to examine the methodology of field work to create a meaningful learning experience for students involved in the process based on the National Curriculum Parameters and theorists such as Pontuschka, Bittencourt and Castellar. The thesis examines the process of acquiring scientific spirit through the use of a dialectical method. It discusses the design of teaching / learning based on Vigotskys concepts of Zone of Proximal Development and on the integrationist character of an educative scholarly practice. It is based on theorists such as Zabala, Coll and Solé with regard to the role of teacher, the acquisition of conceptual, procedural and attitudinal content and to the adoption of a globalizing focus, regarded as synonymous with interdisciplinary focus. This is qualitative research, which was achieved through the methodology of documentary analysis. It took into consideration the production of students registrations in their field notebooks, their travel diaries, interviews held and testimony given to the school web site and monographs.

Lograr el dominio de las lenguas de trabajo, en particular la lengua inglesa, resulta de suma importancia durante el proceso de formación de los estudiantes de Traducción e Interpretación. Una de las maneras que se recomiendan para consolidar dichas habilidades es el participar en un viaje de inmersión a un país anglófono. Se ha propuesto en estudios previos que un viaje con esas características es una situación propicia para el desarrollo de la autoeficacia. Por ello, este estudio busca comprender cuál sería el impacto de un viaje de inmersión como el que brinda el programa de Work and Travel en la autoeficacia de los estudiantes respecto a sus competencias traductoras. Se contó con la participación de estudiantes de la carrera de Traducción e Interpretación de la Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas que hayan formado parte de tal programa durante el periodo de 2018-2020, los cuales, por medio de entrevistas, permitirán el análisis de sus experiencias. / Achieving proficiency in their working languages, particularly English, is of utmost importance during the training process of Translation and Interpretation students. One of the recommended ways to consolidate these skills is to participate in an immersion trip to an English-speaking country. It has been proposed in previous studies that a trip with these characteristics is a suitable situation for the development of self-efficacy. Thus, this study seeks to understand what the impact of an immersion trip would be such as the one provided by the Work and Travel program on the self-efficacy of students regarding their translation competences. Students from the Translation and Interpretation program at the Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas who have taken part in such program during the 2018-2020 period participated in this study, which, through their interviews, will allow the analysis of their experiences. / Trabajo de investigación

This project aims to create a mobile application for iOS devices that provide valuable information about user's car rides. Needed data are obtained by ELM327 located in OBD-II scanner which can communicate with the car. Obtained data are analyzed using table of limits. The application informs riders about their driving mistakes and giving them tips how to fix them. Trips can be saved and exported in the form of logbook. In addition application includes diagnostic functions that can be found in every other diagnostic application.

This work includes the theory of circuit breaker construction and is focused mainly on overload function. It mainly deals with electronic circuit breakers, i.e. equipped with an electronic trip unit. The work is focused on the part of trip unit - maglatch of trip unit. For the purposes of simulation, the geometric model is created. Maxwell program is used for the simulation. The work describes the options for conditions input which are necessary for simulation. Using the distribution of magnetic field intensity and magnetic flux density in the section of trip unit maglatch is determined by the simulation. Furthermore, the force effects acting on the armature of the maglatch are calculated. Force values and the directions acting on the armature are determined by changing the simulation parameters - shift of the armature and coil current. Simulations are performed both for steady-state and for dynamic simulation – movement of armature is taken into account. The supply source for the maglatch is created by an external circuit.