• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 93
  • 15
  • 12
  • 7
  • 3
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 160
  • 122
  • 19
  • 17
  • 16
  • 14
  • 14
  • 13
  • 13
  • 12
  • 12
  • 12
  • 12
  • 12
  • 12
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
71

Investigating the rotational catalytic mechanism of the Escherichia coli F₁-ATPase

Scanlon, Joanne Amanda Baylis. January 2008 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Virginia, 2008. / Title from title page. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online through Digital Dissertations.
72

Use of ATP as a Planktonic Biomass Indicator in Reservoir Limnology

Perry, William B. 08 1900 (has links)
A series of laboratory experiments and a field investigation were conducted to closely define the application of the ATP assay and ATP as a planktonic biomass estimator for routine use in reservoir limnology. The laboratory experiments verified the published range of C:ATP ratios (i.e. 250:1) as a conversion factor for ATP to biomass in cultured selected genera of freshwater algae, except for the species of blue-green algae examined. The field investigation conducted at Moss Reservoir included organic carbon measurements with ATP biomass in size classes on a depth basis. The ATP biomass varied seasonally and with depth; the best significant mtltiple correlation was between organic carbon and the smallest size class (.45 to 10 um) and total net plankton biomass (.45 to 165 um). Daily monitoring of biomass in size classes demonstrated the sensitivity of the technique.
73

Gating of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channels by nucleoside triphosphates

Zeltwanger, Shawn January 1998 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri--Columbia, 1998. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (l. 140-148). Also available on the Internet.
74

Regulation of T helper function by the microenvironment: role of hypoxia and ATP metabolism

Shehade, Hussein 26 June 2014 (has links)
In this work, we were interested in studying the effect of two main metabolic factors, hypoxia and extracellular ATP metabolism, on the effector function of T helper subsets. The major oxygen sensor is HIF-1α which is continuously degraded in the presence of oxygen but is stabilized in hypoxia, leading to transcription of genes involved in cellular adaptation to low oxygen level. Our data show that the proportion of IFN-& / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
75

Etude des propriétés tumorigéniques des cellules dendritiques par identification des protéines cibles de l'ATP extracellulaire

Bles, Nathalie 21 June 2010 (has links)
Les nucléotides, et tout particulièrement l’ATP, sont capables de moduler la fonction de l’un des principaux acteurs de la réponse immunitaire à savoir les cellules dendritiques (DC). Les DC expriment à leur surface de nombreux récepteurs P2X et P2Y dont le P2Y11, couplé à la voie de l’AMP cyclique (AMPc) et impliqué dans l’immunomodulation. L’ATP est capable, par son action sur le P2Y11, d’induire une semi-maturation des DC caractérisée entre autre par une diminution de la sécrétion d’IL-12 et une augmentation de la sécrétion d’IL-10. De plus, des données antérieures obtenues au laboratoire montrent que l’ATP confère également des propriétés immunosuppressives aux DC en stimulant l’expression de la thrombospondine-1 (TSP-1) et de l’indoléamine-2,3-dioxygénase (IDO).<p><p>Dans ce contexte, notre projet visait à établir un profil d’expression génique en réponse à l’ATP dans des DC humaines issues de monocytes (MoDC) afin d’avoir une vue globale de l’action de l’ATP sur les DC. Dans un premier temps, nous avons donc réalisé une étude cinétique comparant les profils d’expression génique en réponse à l’ATPγS, un agoniste plus stable que l’ATP, et à la prostaglandine E2 (PGE2), un activateur de l’AMPc induisant une semi-maturation des DC, par la technique de microarray. L’analyse de ces profils a mis en évidence une action précoce et large de l’ATPγS sur les MoDC. Un grand nombre de régulations obtenues ont confirmé les effets déjà connus de l’ATP sur les DC. Par ailleurs, nous avons confirmé par différentes techniques plusieurs nouvelles cibles de l’ATP impliquées dans l’inflammation et la réponse immunitaire (ex. CSF-1, NRP-1, VEGF).<p><p>En analysant plus en détail ces profils, nous avons observés la régulation de plusieurs gènes dont VEGF, AREG, EREG et HB-EGF, intervenant dans les processus d’angiogenèse et de tumorigenèse. Parmi ceux-ci, le gène AREG codant pour l’amphiréguline, un ligand de l’EGF récepteur (EGFR) était le gène le plus régulé dans notre profil microarray. Pour la première fois, nous avons démontré que les DC traitées à l’ATPγS en présence de LPS constituaient une importante source d’amphiréguline capable de stimuler la croissance de cellules musculaires lisses et de cellules tumorales LLC (Lewis Lung Carcinoma) in vitro. <p>Parallèlement, nous avons étudié l’implication des cellules dendritiques traitées à l’ATPγS sur la croissance tumorale in vivo. Pour ce faire, nous avons coinjecté, à des souris C57 black/6, des cellules tumorales LLC avec des surnageants issus de BMDC traitées au LPS ou au LPS+ATPγS. De cette façon, nous avons mis en évidence que des surnageants issus de BMDC traitées au LPS+ATPγS induisaient une augmentation significative de la masse tumorale par rapport aux surnageants issus de BMDC traités au LPS seul. Au moyen d’un anticorps bloquant anti-amphiréguline, nous avons démontré que cette augmentation de la masse tumorale était due à l’importante sécrétion d’amphiréguline par les BMDC traitées au LPS+ATPγS. De plus, nous avons observé une augmentation du nombre de vaisseaux positifs pour l’α-SMA, un des marqueurs des cellules musculaires lisses, dans les tumeurs issues de la coinjection de cellules LLC avec des surnageants de BMDC traitées au LPS+ATPγS. Pour finir, nous avons montré que les DC au sein des tumeurs LLC expriment non seulement le récepteur EGFR mais également l’amphiréguline. Ces différents résultats observés mettent en avant l’importance de l’ATP extracellulaire dans la croissance tumorale par son action sur les DC. <p> / Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
76

Développement de biocapteurs pour la détermination de substances biologiquement actives / Development of biosensors for the determination of biologically active substances

Kucherenko, Ivan 03 June 2016 (has links)
Les biocapteurs sont des moyens d’analyse en plein essor à la fois rapides, sélectifs et peu coûteux applicables à des domaines extrêmement variés (environnement, santé, agroalimentaire,…). Dans ce type d’outil, un élément sensible de nature biologique (anticorps, enzyme, microorganisme, ADN…) doté d’un pouvoir de reconnaissance pour un analyte ou un groupe d’analytes est associé à un transducteur pouvant être de type électrochimique, optique ou thermique.Dans ce travail, nous nous sommes intéressés au développement de trois biocapteurs pour la détection de substances biologiquement actives. Le premier permet la détermination simultanée de l’adénosine triphosphate (ATP) et du glucose par ampérométrie, le deuxième celle de la créatine kinase, et le troisième est un biocapteur conductimétique pour la quantification de l’ATP. Dans les deux premiers biocapteurs, deux enzymes (l’hexokinase et la glucose oxydase) sont immobilisées à la surface de microélectrodes constituées d’un disque de platine. Le troisième biocapteur est basé sur l’immobilisation de l’hexokinase sur des microélectrodes interdigitées en or. L’immobilisation est réalisée dans tous les cas par co-réticulation des enzymes en présence d’albumine de sérum bovin à l’aide de glutaraldehyde. Les caractéristiques analytiques des biocapteurs ont été déterminées et différentes procédures ont été développées pour l’analyse d’échantillons réels. Les biocapteurs ont pu être appliqués avec succès à la quantification de l’ATP, du glucose et de la créatine kinase dans des préparations pharmaceutiques et du sérum sanguin / Biosensors are rapid, selective and inexpensive devices that combine a biological recognition element, the so-called bioreceptor (e.g. enzymes, antibodies, DNA or microorganisms) to a physical transducer (e.g. electrochemical, optical, thermal or piezoelectrical). They can be used to detect one specific analyte or one family of analytes for a wide range of applications (e.g. environment, food, health). In this work, the detection of biologically active substances was targeted. A biosensor system for simultaneous determination of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and glucose, a biosensor for creatine kinase analysis, and a novel conductometric biosensor for ATP determination were developed. In the first two biosensors, two enzymes (hexokinase and glucose oxidase) were immobilized at the surface of platinum disc microelectrodes for amperometric detection. The third biosensor was based on hexokinase immobilized onto gold interdigitated microelectrodes for conductometric detection. In all cases, the enzymes were co-immobilized with bovine serum albumin by cross-linking using glutaraldehyde. Analytical characteristics of the biosensors were determined and different procedures were developed for real samples analysis. The biosensors could be successfully applied to the determination of ATP, glucose, and creatine kinase in pharmaceutical samples and blood serum
77

Lactic-acid-infusion-induced increase in interstitial ATP of rat skeletal muscle

Tu, Jie, 屠潔 January 2008 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Physiology / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy
78

Characterization of Inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase, an important protein involved in purine metabolism

Björklund, Sam January 2015 (has links)
The enzyme inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase (ITPase) is responsible for controlling the levels of the by-products guanosine monophosphate (GMP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) through their precursor inosine monophosphate (IMP). ). Human ITPase consists of a 194-amino acid homodimer which relies upon either an Mg2+ ion or a Mn2+ ion for catalytic activity, and orthologs of this protein have been found in many different organisms. The purpose of this project was to try out methods learned throughout the education and to use this knowledge to gather new data about the human protein inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase (ITPase). The protein was expressed in BL21/DE3 cells from a pre-made vector. Experiments performed during this project include secondary- and tertiary stability measurements, tryptophan fluorescence spectra, binding curve and thermic stability to ITPase with ANS and methotrexate. The Tm-value of human ITPase was examined with Trp-Fluorescence, ANS-fluorescence and Near-UV and Far-UV circular dichroism (CD). The stability of ITPase monitored by Near-UV as well as Far-UV coincides, indicating that secondary- and tertiary-unfolding occur simultaneously without any intermediates. The results of Trp-fluorescence showed that the tryptophans were already exposed and thus it did not yield a reliable result. The binding properties of ANS and MTX to ITPase were also examined.
79

Effects of N⁶,O²'-Dibutyryl Cyclic Adenosine 3' ,5' Monophosphate on Transformation of Rat Kidney Cells and Chick Embryo Fibroblasts by Wild-Type and Temperature-Sensitive Rous Sarcoma Virus

Marshall, David A. (David Allen) 12 1900 (has links)
N^6,O^2' -Dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (Bt_2cAMP) was investigated for its effects on various tissue culture cells infected with temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant, LA31 and Bratislava 77 (B77), a wild-type Rous sarcoma virus. Specifically, known parameters of transformation were investigated and a possible site of action has been tenably proposed. The drug Bt_2cAMP was found to have little effect on the transformation related properties of primary chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF) infected with either virus or normal rat kidney fibroblasts (NRK) infected with the wild-type B77-RSV. However, significant inhibition of the transforming properties in NRK infected with the ts mutant LA31 (LA31-NRK) were reported at the permissive temperature 33 degrees centigrade (33 C).
80

A Role For Transforming Growth Factor-Beta In Urinary Bladder Dysfunction With Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cystitis

Gonzalez, Eric James 01 January 2016 (has links)
Bladder pain syndrome (BPS)/interstitial cystitis (IC) is a chronic pain disorder characterized by at least six weeks of lower urinary tract symptoms and unpleasant sensations (pain, pressure and discomfort) thought to be related to the urinary bladder and not meeting exclusion criteria. While the etiology is not known, BPS/IC may involve a "vicious circle" of uroepithelial dysfunction, inflammation and peripheral and central sensitization. We propose that the urinary bladder inflammatory insult partly mediates voiding dysfunction and visceral neurogenic pain characteristic of BPS/IC. Several studies from our laboratory have already demonstrated the role(s) of cytokines and their downstream targets in the functional alterations in micturition reflex pathways following chemically (cyclophosphamide, CYP)-induced cystitis. More recently, the pleiotropic protein, TGF-β, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of CYP-induced cystitis. TGF-β is activated locally at the initial site of injury by protease-dependent or protease-independent mechanisms to initiate a proinflammatory milieu. Depending on its contextual cues, TGF-β may then aid in resolving the primary immune response and support tissue repair. Though TGF-β is necessary to maintain normal immunological function, its aberrant expression and activation may have detrimental effects on responding tissues and cell types. A sustained increase in peripheral TGF-β reactivity, such as what may be observed in chronic inflammatory bladder conditions, may influence bladder afferent excitability to amplify nociceptive transmission and CNS input. The subsequent sensitization of peripheral afferent nociceptors at the level of the DRG or urothelium may promote spinal cord "wind-up" and cascade into visceral hyperalgesia and allodynia. In the first aim of this dissertation we investigated the functional profile of TGF-β isoforms and receptor (TβR) variants in the normal and inflamed (CYP-induced cystitis) urinary bladder with qRT-PCR, ELISA, IHC and in vivo cystometry. Our studies determined (i) the involvement of TGF-β in lower urinary tract neuroplasticity following urinary bladder inflammation, (ii) a functional role for TGF-β signaling in the afferent limb of the micturition reflex and (iii) urinary bladder TβR-1 as a viable target to reduce voiding frequency with cystitis. In the second aim of this dissertation we investigated the sensory components of the urinary bladder that may underlie the pathophysiology of aberrant TGF-β activation with bladder-pelvic nerve electrophysiology and luciferin-luciferase assays for ATP measurement. Our studies determined that TGF-β1 increased bladder afferent nerve excitability by stimulating ATP release from the urothelium via vesicular exocytosis mechanisms with minimal contribution from pannexin-1 channels. Furthermore, blocking aberrant TGF-β signaling in CYP-induced cystitis with TβR-1 inhibition decreased afferent nerve excitability with an equivalent decrease in ATP release. Taken together, these results establish a causal link between an inflammatory mediator, TGF-β, and intrinsic signaling mechanisms of the urothelium that may contribute to the altered sensory processing of bladder filling to facilitate increased voiding frequency. The distinct interactions of multiple mediators underscore the challenges for single target therapies and support the development of combinatory therapeutics for bladder dysfunction. Ultimately, these studies have increased our understanding of functional disorders and visceral pain and have the potential to improve the health of those suffering from inflammation-associated bladder syndromes.

Page generated in 0.051 seconds