The objective of this work is to provide a support material for teachers to teach the numbering system using problem solving, games and applications. What pushed us to choose this theme was the fact that we observed in most textbooks a general approach and few attractions to the extent that, on its own, motivate students to learn such content because they often finish teaching fundamental without knowing what non-decimal systems are and how the mathematical operations are done in those systems, as well as the relationships of these systems with the decimal system. Thinking about this, we decided to explore this theme using, in addition to the textbook, also the playful one because we believe that working with the methodology of didactic games and problem solving will obtain a more meaningful learning. We hope to contribute to the teaching and learning processes of this content to the students of the sixth year. / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O objetivo desse trabalho é fornecer um material de apoio aos professores para ensinar o sistema de numeração utilizando resolução de problemas, jogos e aplicações. O que nos impeliu à escolha desse tema foi o fato de termos observado, na maioria dos livros didáticos, uma abordagem geral e de poucos atrativos a ponto de por si só motivar os alunos a aprenderem tal conteúdo, pois muitas vezes estes terminam o ensino fundamental sem saber o que são os sistemas não decimais e como se fazem as operações matemáticas nesses sistemas, bem como as relações desses sistemas com o sistema decimal. Pensando nisso, resolvemos explorar este tema utilizando, além do livro didático, também o lúdico por acreditarmos que trabalhando com a metodologia dos jogos didáticos e resolução de problemas obteremos uma aprendizagem mais significativa. Esperamos com isso, contribuir nos processos de ensino e de aprendizagem desse conteúdo aos alunos dos sextos anos.

Målet med detta arbete har varit att besvara frågan; ”Varför uppstår det så mycket problem med trådlösa nätverk?”. Detta har gjorts genom att studera relevant litteratur för att sedan kunna utföra två egna studier: en enkätundersökning och tre experiment. Teorin har framförallt hämtats ur kurser och material från Cisco. Undersökningen har hjälpt till att fastställa den generella datoranvändarens kunskaper om trådlösa nätverk. Respondenternas kunskapsnivå visade bland annat på skillnader i hur de använde sin utrustning; de med lägre kunskap om nätverk gick sällan eller aldrig in i sin routers webbgränssnitt. Det vanligaste problemet som uppgavs i undersökningen var en långsam trådlös hastighet; att uppleva svårigheter vid konfigurationen av en ny trådlös router visade sig däremot vara det mest ovanliga. Experimenten genomfördes med hjälp av två accesspunkter och två klientdatorer. De visade bland annat hur kanalöverlappning i trådlösa nätverk leder till minskad hastighet, och betonade även vikten av att välja rätt kanal. Avslutningsvis kunde vi konstatera att varken konsumenten eller teknikindustrin ensidigt kan beskyllas för problemen inom trådlösa nätverk. Båda två har enskilda saker att jobba på. Konsumenterna bör i allt högre grad ta reda på mer om den utrustning de använderför att undvika att ställa till problem, inte bara för sig själv men också för andra. Industrin skulle kunna underlätta genom att dra ner utvecklandet av nya standarder – och inte enbart fokusera på ökad genomströmningshastighet. / The goal with this research has been to answer the question; ”Why are there so many problems linked to wireless networks?”. This has been done by studying the relevant literature to then be able to conduct two self-written studies: one survey and three laboratory experiments. The theory has been taken primarily out of courses and material from Cisco. The survey has helped to determine the knowledge of the general computer-user in regards to wireless networks. The respondents level of knowledge showed, among other things, differences in the way they used their devices; those with less network-knowledge rarely, or never, accessed their routers web-interface. The most common problem that was selected in the survey was a slow wireless speed; experiencing difficulties when configuring a new wireless router proved to be the most unusual one. The experiments were completed through the use of two access points and two computer clients. They demonstrated, among other things, how channel overlap in wireless networks leads to a reduced data-rate, and also stressed the importance of choosing the right channel. Lastly, the work revealed that neither the consumer nor the industry can be solely blamed for the problems that appear in wireless networks. Both of them have separate things towork towards. The consumers should, to a higher extent, find out more about the equipment they use to avoid causing problems, not only for themselves but also for others. The industry could help by slowing down the development of new standards – and to not only focus on achieving higher throughput-rates.

Orientadores: Niederauer Mastelari, Carlos Alberto Cimini Júnior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T13:21:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AguiarRibeiro_AndreLuizde_M.pdf: 1696181 bytes, checksum: 0e5d5c8b94f2e38b7abbbc10c62ab120 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: A utilização de materiais compósitos na indústria tem crescido cada vez mais e se firmou como uma tendência para os próximos anos. Seja nos ramos automotivo, náutico, aeroespacial ou de defesa, as aplicações são as mais diversas, tendo em comum o usufruto da excelente relação de resistência por peso oferecida por este tipo de material. Em certos ramos, entretanto, como o aeroespacial, a utilização de materiais compósitos requer atenção especial, por ser característico destes materiais a ocorrência de tipos de falha próprios como delaminações, rupturas de fibra e de matriz, descolamentos, perfuração parcial ou total, alguns dos quais não observáveis a olho nu. O presente trabalho se debruça sobre esta problemática, visando o desenvolvimento de um método de apoio a técnicas de monitoramento de integridade estrutural por meio da localização de impactos com uso de sensores piezelétricos, implantado em peças sobretudo da indústria aeroespacial, permita catalogar regiões que hajam sofrido impactos importantes e possam apresentar falhas. Para conduzir o presente trabalho, foi feita uma revisão bibliográfica de técnicas de localização de impactos ou falhas em placas presentes no estado da arte, com análise e proposta de um método que se preste a este mesmo propósito inclusive para placas anisotrópicas. Foi estudado e desenvolvido um método a base de funções de erro, associando através de uma função pertinente cada ponto do domínio da placa a um valor de erro tanto menor quanto sua distância ao ponto de impacto real. O local de impacto estará associado ao ponto de menor erro. O método proposto, que já havia sido testado em simulações e experimentalmente em placas isotrópicas, forneceu resultados promissores também em placas anisotrópicas, apresentando estimativas com erro médio inferior a 2,0 cm / Abstract: The use of composite materials in industry has been increasing and establishing itself as a tendency for the next years. Be it in automotive, nautical, aerospace or defense, applications are many, all of which have in common taking advantage of the excellent relationship amongst resistance and weight offered by this kind of material. In certain areas, however, such as in aerospace, use of composite materials demands special attention, due to being characteristic of these materials the occurrence of certain proper types of damage such as delamination, fiber or matrix ruptures, debondings or partial or total perforation, some of which aren't even observable to naked eye. The present works focus in these problematics, aiming to develop a structural health monitoring supportive method via impact localization with low cost piezoelectric sensors that, embedded in parts primarily from the aerospace industry, allows to catalogue regions that have suffered significant impact and may have been damaged. In order to conduct the present work, a bibliographic revision was made of current state-of-the-art impact and damage localization techniques, with analysis and proposal of an innovative method for the same purpose. With that in mind, an error function method was studied and developed that associates through a pertinent function to each point in the plate an error value that is as small as its distance to real point of impact. This way, the point of impact will be related to the point of smaller error. The proposed method, which has already been tested in simulations and isotropic plates, presented interesting results also in anisotropic plates, with average estimative errors of less than 2.0 cm / Mestrado / Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a service that has recently gained a lot of attention from the telecommunications (telecom) world since both Internet service providers (ISPs) and telecommunications operators have realized the important advantages that it can offer. Although traditional telephony is well established both in the telecom world and in our daily lives, VoIP is now competing with it by offering cost savings, simplicity, and introducing new ways of communicating. Internet service providers have already started deploying efficient VoIP services for their customers and carriers are transforming their network infrastructures in order to be able to accommodate the requirements of VoIP traffic. There are a lot of essential factors that both providers and carriers have to take into consideration in order to efficiently build and operate VoIP technologies. Proper service planning and well-established monitoring and troubleshooting procedures are vital for successful VoIP service. This thesis focuses on commercial VoIP implementation at the carrier’s side and investigates how a carrier can efficiently maintain and troubleshoot their VoIP infrastructure so as to comply with the Service Level Agreements (SLAs) they have signed with their customers (ISP providers), as well as analyses proactive actions that can betaken for minimizing the resources required for customer support. As an outcome, this thesis presents efficient ways of network planning and monitoring, as well as it provides conclusions regarding what are the efficient methods for troubleshooting the carrier’s VoIP products inboth technical and organizational level. / Röst över Internet Protokoll (VoIP) är en tjänst som nyligen har fått ökad uppmärksamhet inom telekommunikations (telecom) branschen eftersom att både Internetleverantörer (ISPs) och telecom operatörer har insett vilka fördelar som tjänsten erbjuder. Även om traditionell telefoni är väl etablerad i både telecombranschen och vår vardag, så kan VoIP konkurrera genom att erbjuda kostnadsbesparingar, förenkling, och introducera nya sätt att kommunicera på. IP leverantörer har redan påbörjat lansering av effektiva VoIP tjänster till sina kunder och telecom carriers bygger om sin nätverksstruktur för att möta kraven av VoIP traffik. Det finns många faktorer att bejaka för både IP leverantörer och telecom carriers för att effektivt bygga och driva VoIP nätverk. Noggrann produktplanering och väletablerad övervakning samt felsökningsprocedurer är en vital del i en framgångsrik VoIP tjänst. Denna avhandling fokuserar på VoIP implementering hos en telecom carrier och hur en telecom carrier effektivt kan underhålla och felsöka VoIP infrastruktur för att möta de servicenivåavtal de har skrivit med sina kunder (IP leverantörer), samt analysera det förebyggande åtgärder som kan tas för att minimera de resurser som behövs till kundtjänst. Denna avhandling presenteras effektiva tillvägagångssätt för planering och övervakning samt erbjuder effektiva,teknisk och organisationella metoder för felsökning av en telecom carriers VoIP produkter.

A systematic method can extrapolate tacit knowledge (hidden or subjective knowledge) so that it can become objective and discernable. This process focused on discovering causes of failures by extricating data from medical equipment service software cases closed by telephone by field service personnel. Their responses to observed failures were compared to troubleshooting guides in use by telephone support personnel to find new processes that would increase effectiveness of telephone support staff. We asked “What are indicators of device failure reported in technical support calls?” and then “What factors contribute to user reported device failures identified by callers to technical support?” A series of interviews with veteran personnel were used to validate responses from the “phone closed” cases along with ideas pulled from a review of documentation. Analysis of one hundred seventy three cases yielded over five hundred recommendations to make the telephone support personnel’s responses more accurate, consistent and reliable.

Despite the influential impact of knowledge transfer insuccess of industrial domains, organizations still struggle tomanage and maintain their experts’ knowledge andexpertise. In this work, I target remote support engineers,and propose a model that supports them in capturing,visualizing, validating and sharing their knowledge in away that is easily replicable in the future as well providingthe means to access the right expert with the requiredexpertise in case of shortage on documented knowledge.Based on field studies conducted, I identified remotesupport engineers’ needs for exchanging their knowledgeand experiences gained during troubleshooting tasks. Thedesign of the model was achieved by combining thetheories of knowledge acquisition and applying HCIvisualization tools. Finally, I conducted a participatoryevaluation with experts from industrial sites to evaluate themodel. The results of the evaluation indicate positivefeedback towards the model presented and potential forimproving the efficiency of troubleshooting procedures. / Trots den inflytelserika effekterna av kunskapsöverföring i framgången för industriella domäner, organisationerfortfarande kämpar för att hantera och underhålla deras experter kunskap och expertis. I detta arbete, jag riktafjärrsupport ingenjörer, och föreslå en modell som stöder dem i fånga, visualisera, validering och dela sin kunskap påett sätt som är lätt replikerbar i framtiden ger möjlighet att få tillgång till rätt expert med erforderlig expertis i frågaom brist på dokumenterad kunskap. Baserat på fältstudier som genomförts, identifierade jag fjärrsupport ingenjörerbehov av utbyte av sina kunskaper och erfarenheter under felsökning uppgifter. Utformningen av modellen uppnåddesgenom att kombinera teorier om kunskapsinhämtning och tillämpa människa-datorinteraktion visualiseringsverktyg.Slutligen genomförde jag en utvärdering deltagande med experter från industriområden att utvärdera modellen.Resultaten av utvärderingen visar positiv feedback till modellen presenteras och potential för att förbättraeffektiviteten i felsökning.

Despite the influential impact of knowledge transfer in success of industrial domains, organizations still struggle to manage and maintain their experts’ knowledge and expertise. In this work, I target remote support engineers, and propose a model that supports them in capturing, visualizing, validating and sharing their knowledge in a way that is easily replicable in the future as well providing the means to access the right expert with the required expertise in case of shortage on documented knowledge. Based on field studies conducted, I identified remote support engineers’ needs for exchanging their knowledge and experiences gained during troubleshooting tasks. The design of the model was achieved by combining the theories of knowledge acquisition and applying HCI visualization tools. Finally, I conducted a participatory evaluation with experts from industrial sites to evaluate the model. The results of the evaluation indicate positive feedback towards the model presented and potential for improving the efficiency of troubleshooting procedures.

The report is a study of error management and localization in underground cable network with very little overhead line. Error management is treated with the theoretical troubleshooting model and theoretical model with practical feedback. The work relates to the fact that troubleshooting has been complicated when the supply safety in the electricity grid increases. Difficult troubleshooting is followed by a difficult reset work in case of malfunctioning in the network and it leads to longer interruptions.The grid is built with main feed and radial feeds. In the cable stretches, an interval of the short-circuit current occurs with a minimum and a maximum current below the distance. Depending on how the network is built, multiples of same error current is created, that create harder error-handling. The analysis examines which locations in the grid, which help increase the number of alternative malfunctions and if there is any alternative method to solve the problem. The report deals with the connection between currents in main feed and in radial feeds along the line. There appears to be a connection between the emergences of currents with similar current values in several places. A network consisting of a main feed and a plurality of radial feeds, the occurrence of streams in several places is a disadvantage in the troubleshooting task and the work is adversely affected and the troubleshooting work becomes more difficult. / Rapporten är en studie om felhantering och fellokalisering i ett markbelagt kabelnät med en väldigt liten del friledning. Felhanteringen be-handlas med både dataprogramvara och teoretiska beräkningar. Arbetet relaterar till att felsökningen försvåras när leveranssäkerheten i elnätet ökar. Svårare felsökning är följt av ett försvårat återställningsar-bete vid fel i nätet som leder till längre avbrottstider. Elnätsområdet är uppbyggt med huvudmatning samt radiella matning-ar. I kabelsträckorna uppkommer ett intervall på kortslutningsström-men med en minsta och en högsta ström under sträckan. Beroende på hur nätet är uppbyggt skapas multiplar av felställen som skapar svårare felhantering. Analysen undersöker vilka ställen i elnätet som bidrar till att antalet alternativa felställen ökar och om det finns någon alternativ metod att lösa problemet. Rapporten behandlar sammanbandet mellan strömmar i huvudmatning och i radiella matningar längs ledningens sträcka. Det visar sig vara ett samband mellan uppkomsten av strömmar med liknande strömvärden på ett flertal ställen. Ett nät som består av en huvudmatning och ett flertal radiella matningar är uppkomsten av samma kortslutningsströmmar på flera ställen. Det är en nackdel i felsökningsarbetet och arbetet påverkas negativt och fel-sökningsarbetet blir svårare.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:57:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jefferson Ricart Pezeta.pdf: 2838360 bytes, checksum: f176cbebd7975b05f20f73de1d10dc19 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-30 / Problem solving has been the subject of studies and research in order to define strategies to facilitate actions in its resolution. The graph theory is presented as a strategy that enables the modeling and solving problems, especially those that address issues related to economic paths, coloring, counting, among others, in the context of mathematics, providing a means for the student to structure and model the thinking and actions of resolution. This study is an investigation into the use of graphs as a theoretical basis in solving problems, students performed with the second and third year of high school Boni Consilii School, located in the city of São Paulo, in the district Champs Elysées. The thoughts and observations of the students are brought along the text, favoring analyzes that took into account the students' difficulties in solving problems and possibilities of Graphs in formalization and modeling strategies. In conjunction with Graph Theory, authors like Polya and Brousseau had representative participation in theoretical workshops and strategies applied in the preparation of the sequences that were prepared / A resolução de problemas tem sido objeto de estudos e pesquisas no sentido de definir estratégias que facilitem ações na sua resolução. A Teoria dos Grafos se apresenta como uma estratégia que possibilita a modelagem e resolução de problemas, principalmente os que abordam questões relativas a percursos econômicos, coloração, contagem, entre outros, no âmbito da matemática, proporcionando meios para que o aluno estruture e modele o pensamento e as ações de resolução. Este estudo trata de uma investigação sobre o uso de Grafos como base teórica na resolução de problemas, realizada com alunos do segundo e terceiro ano do ensino médio da Escola Boni Consilii, localizada na cidade de São Paulo, no bairro Campos Elíseos. As reflexões e observações dos alunos são trazidas ao longo do texto, favorecendo análises que levaram em conta as dificuldades dos alunos na resolução de problemas e as possibilidades de Grafos nas formalizações e modelagens de estratégias. Em conjunto com Teoria dos Grafos, autores como Polya e Brousseau tiveram representativa participação no embasamento teórico das oficinas e das estratégias aplicadas na elaboração das sequências que foram elaboradas

Submitted by Joana Azevedo (joanad@id.uff.br) on 2017-06-29T17:40:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Ana Carolina Felizardo Lima.pdf: 1609943 bytes, checksum: 8507dcda10086eb77a81018410234127 (MD5) / Rejected by Biblioteca da Escola de Engenharia (bee@ndc.uff.br), reason: Item rejeitado, pois a ficha catalográfica está fora do padrão. Atenciosamente, Catarina Ribeiro Bibliotecária BEE - Ramal 5992/5993/5994 on 2017-07-07T13:12:20Z (GMT) / Submitted by Joana Azevedo (joanad@id.uff.br) on 2017-07-26T19:37:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Ana Carolina Felizardo Lima.pdf: 1641149 bytes, checksum: ff9e077bbc5f7321ffad9983e9465431 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Biblioteca da Escola de Engenharia (bee@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-07-28T14:42:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Ana Carolina Felizardo Lima.pdf: 1641149 bytes, checksum: ff9e077bbc5f7321ffad9983e9465431 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-28T14:42:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Ana Carolina Felizardo Lima.pdf: 1641149 bytes, checksum: ff9e077bbc5f7321ffad9983e9465431 (MD5) / Para que um medicamento seja considerado apto ao comércio no Brasil e esteja disponível para a população, este precisa obter um registro no órgão regulador nacional, que é a Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). Nesta etapa de registro, a segurança, eficácia e qualidade do medicamento são avaliadas, visando garantir a saúde pública. Acredita-se que se a fase de desenvolvimento do medicamento for devidamente planejada e controlada, possibilitará a obtenção de produtos farmacêuticos com estas características e com custo reduzido, já que acarretará na diminuição de retrabalhos ou de possíveis necessidades de alterações pós-registro. A área de desenvolvimento farmacêutico de uma indústria farmacêutica pública do Rio de Janeiro hoje trabalha com aproximadamente metade de sua capacidade dedicada à projetos de redesenvolvimentos, o que representa um problema para a indústria, já que grande parte do tempo e do montante financeiro destinados ao desenvolvimento de produtos, acabam por ser reinvestidos em produtos que já foram ou são parte do portfólio da empresa, em detrimento da adesão de novos produtos. Trata-se de um alto custo em recursos materiais e humanos investidos em retrabalho. Esta pesquisa explicativa e aplicada objetivou esclarecer as causas da grande quantidade de projetos de redesenvolvimento e delinear propostas de ações corretivas para as principais, através do estudo de caso, documental e de campo, da aplicação de parte do método de análise e solução de problemas (MASP), de modo a reduzir a quantidade de redesenvolvimentos, e assim contribuir para a melhoria do processo e aumento da viabilidade de desenvolvimento de novos medicamentos. Essa pesquisa demonstrou que o método e as ferramentas escolhidas foram eficazes dentro do esperado. Através deles, foi possível evidenciar uma interligação entre as causas principais dos problemas levantados, um plano de ação foi proposto e sua viabilidade foi validada / A drug will be approved to trade in Brazil and be available to the population if it gets registry in the national regulator agency, Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). At this registry step, the drugs will be evaluated for their safety, effectiveness and quality, in order to ensure the public health. It is believed that if the drug development is properly planned and controlled, it makes possible to obtain pharmaceutical products with these characteristics and low cost, because it will result in reduction of reworks and possibles changes needs after registry. The pharmaceutical development area in a pharmaceutical industry in Rio de Janeiro works nowadays with almost half of its capacity dedicated to redevelopment, which represents a problem to the organization, because of the time and financial amount that is reinvested in products that are, or have been, part of organization’s portfolio, instead of supporting new products. This is a high cost in human and material resources invested in rework. This explanatory and applied research aimed to clarify the causes of the large number of redevelopment projects and to outline proposals for corrective actions to the majors causes of redevelopment in the public pharmaceutical industry target of this study, through the application of analysis and troubleshooting method MASP, in order to reduce the amount of redevelopment projects, contribute to the process improvement and increase the feasibility of developing new drugs. This research has shown that the selected method and tools were effective as expected. Through them, it was possible to show an interconnection between the main causes of the problems raised, a plan of action was proposed and its feasibility was validated.