Orientador: Marcelo dos Santos Pereira / Banca: Antonio Jorge Abdalla / Banca: Rafael Humberto Mota de Siqueira / Resumo: A proposta deste trabalho foi estudar o comportamento de uma liga de alta resistência com baixo carbono, contendo aproximadamente 1%Cr que seja resistente à ambiente corrosivo por H2S, em relação à um processo de tratamento térmico indutivo em tubos soldados pelo processo HFIW (High Frequency Induction Welding), para obtenção de propriedades mecânicas em cumprimento a norma API5CT grau L80-1. A adição de níveis acima de 0,5% Cr incrementa a resistência à corrosão por CO2, porém, pode reduzir a resistência à corrosão por H2S; o que exigiu avaliação e controle de tamanho de grãos austeníticos refinados durante tratamento térmico e posterior ensaio de corrosão à trincas por SSC (Sulfide Stress Cracking). A liga estudada com 0.22%C, 0.85%Cr, 0.05Mo, 0.40%Mn e boro; foi comparada com uma liga convencional sem adição de cromo com 0.25%C, 1.2%Mn. No tratamento térmico indutivo, foram utilizados tubos com pontas previamente forjadas para aumento da espessura, no qual, o diâmetro externo nas pontas dos tubos é maior do que no restante do tubo, mas o diâmetro interno é o mesmo. A dureza após têmpera da liga 1%Cr foi menor que a encontrada na liga convencional, em praticamente todo o tubo, devido a menor quantidade de carbono. Porém em algumas regiões das pontas, a dureza após têmpera foi maior, devido à maior temperabilidade pela presença de boro; o que mostrou maior homogeneidade estrutural da liga temperada com 1%Cr. Durante revenimento para obtenção das propriedades mecânicas do gra... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The purpose of this work was to study a low carbon high strength alloy containing 1% Cr corrosion resistance in H2S environment, in relation to an inductive heat treatment process in welded pipes in HFIW (High frequency Induction Welding) process, to obtain mechanical properties according to API5CT L80-1 grade. The addition of levels above 0.5% Cr increases the resistance to corrosion by CO2; but may reduce the resistance to H2S corrosion; which required evaluation and control of refined austenitic grain size during heat treatment and subsequent Sulfide Stress Cracking corrosion tests. The alloy studied was 0.22% C 0.85% Cr, 0.05Mo, 0.40% Mn and boron; was compared with a conventional alloy without addition of chromium with 0.25% C 1.2% Mn with residual boron and molybdenum. In the inductive heat treatment, pipes with ends forged were used to increase the thickness: the external diameter at the ends of the pipes is larger than in the rest of the pipe, but the internal diameter is the same. The hardness after quenching of the 1% Cr alloy was lower in practically every part of the pipe than the conventional alloy due to the lower amount of carbon, but in some regions of the ends, the hardness after quenching was higher due to higher hardenability due to the presence of boron; which showed higher structural homogeneity of the alloy quenched with 1% Cr. During tempering to obtain the mechanical properties of grade L80-1, the effect of the secondary hardening promoted by chromium and molybdenum was verified; which required high tempering temperature of 750oC compared to conventional alloy tempered at 725oC. After heat treatment and obtaining L80-1 grade, the samples were approved in the SSC corrosion resistance test according to NACE MR0177 / Mestre

More than hundred years after the discovery of X-rays different kinds of ionizing radiation are ubiquitous in medicine, applied to clinical diagnostics and cancer treatment as well. Irrespective of their nature, the widespread application of radiation implies its precise dosimetric characterization and detailed knowledge of the radiobiological effects induced in cancerous and normal tissue. Starting with in vitro cell irradiation experiments, which define basic parameters for the subsequent tissue and animal studies, the whole multi-stage process is completed by clinical trials that translate the results of fundamental research into clinical application. In this context, the present dissertation focuses on the establishment of radiobiological in vitro cell experiments at unconventional, but clinical relevant radiation qualities. In the first part of the present work the energy dependent biological effectiveness of photons was studied examining low-energy X-rays (≤ 50 keV), as used for mammography, and high-energy photons (≥ 20 MeV) as proposed for future radiotherapy. Cell irradiation experiments have been performed at conventional X-ray tubes providing low-energy photons and 200 kV reference radiation as well. In parallel, unconventional quasi-monochromatic channeling X-rays and high-energy bremsstrahlung available at the radiation source ELBE of the Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf were considered for radiobiological experimentation. For their precise dosimetric characterization dosimeters based on the thermally stimulated emission of exoelectrons and on radiochromic films were evaluated, whereas just the latter was found to be suitable for the determination of absolute doses and spatial dose distributions at cell position. Standard ionization chambers were deployed for the online control of cell irradiation experiments. Radiobiological effects were analyzed in human mammary epithelial cells on different subcellular levels revealing an increasing amount of damage for decreasing photon energy. For this reason, the assumed photon energy dependence was reconfirmed for a cell line other than human lymphocytes, an important finding that was discussed on the 2007 Retreat of the German Commission on Radiological Protection. After successful finalization of the photon experiments the focus of the present dissertation was directed to the realization of in vitro cell irradiation experiments with laser-accelerated electrons. This research was carried out in the frame of the project onCOOPtics that aims on the development of laser-based particle accelerators, which promise accelerators of potentially compact size and more cost-effectiveness suitable for a widespread medical application, especially for high precision hadron therapy. The unique properties, i.e., the ultrashort bunch length and resultant ultrahigh pulse dose rate, of these unconventional particle accelerators demand for extensive investigations with respect to potential effects on the dosimetric and radiobiological characterization. Based on the experiences gained at ELBE first experiments on the radiobiological characterization of laser-accelerated electrons have been performed at the Jena Titanium:Sapphire laser system. After beam optimization, a sophisticated dosimetry system was established that allow for the online control of the beam parameters and for the controlled delivery of dose to the cell sample. Finally, worldwide first systematic in vitro cell irradiation experiments were carried out resulting in a reduced biological effectiveness for laser-accelerated electrons relative to the 200 kV X-ray reference, irrespectively on the biological effect and cell lines examined. These successful results are the basis for future in vivo studies and experiments with laser-accelerated protons.

The goal of this study was to examine the taxonomy, ecology, molecular phylogenetics and biosystematics of two apparently closely related species and to elucidate congruent patterns from these often divergent sub-disciplines of systematics. Phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences showed that Phacelia fimbriata and Phacelia purshii are sister species that demonstrate species-specific differences in germination but little morphologic or genetic differentiation. While a geographic region of sympatry exists, elevation differences preclude co-occurrence. The widespread P. purshii supports higher levels of morphological and genetic diversity compared to the narrow endemic, P. fimbriata. Gene flow between members of this closely related species pair is blocked by hybrid inviability whose expression occurs following normal pollen tube growth and apparent fertilization. Hybrid seeds are inviable, an effect likely caused by an embryo-endosperm incompatibility that, following fertilization, permits development of maternal, but not hybrid fruit and seed tissues. This reproductive barrier adds to our knowledge of an already diverse suite of isolating mechanisms in Phacelia subgenus Cosmanthus.

The application of the Hershcel-Quincke (HQ) tube as a noise reduction device for one-dimensional plane-wave sound fields has been studied in great detail in previous years. In this thesis, an analytical technique is developed to investigate the potential of the HQ tube concept to control higher-order duct modes. This analytical method involves modeling the tube-duct interfaces as finite piston sources, which couple the acoustic field inside the main duct with the acoustic field within the HQ tube(s). The acoustic field within the HQ tube is modeled as plane-waves and the acoustic field within the main duct is modeled by expanding the sound field in terms of the higher-order modes. This model is then used to investigate the noise reduction mechanisms behind the attenuation of higher-order modes. These mechanisms involve both the reflection of the incident wave as well as the reconstruction and recombination of the modal content of the incident disturbance into other modes. The effects of the modal content of the disturbance along with the HQ tube geometric parameters, such as tube axial position, length, distance between interfaces, and cross-sectional area, are studied with respect to the frequencies of attenuation and the reduction obtained. These results show the potential of the Herschel-Quincke tube concept to reduce higher-order modes in ducts. / Master of Science

A Pleistocene lava tube cave in southeast Oregon has a seasonally fluctuating lake occupying the last 1200 to 2000 feet. Three endemic invertebrate species inhabit the lake: Kenkia rynchida Hyman; Asellus sp.; and stygobromus hubbsi. Shoemaker. Little is known however, about their environment. The purpose of this study was to describe various physical and chemical parameters of Malheur Cave Lake.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(理学) / 乙第12911号 / 論理博第1547号 / 新制||理||1590(附属図書館) / 32121 / 京都大学大学院理学研究科・物理学・宇宙物理学専攻 / (主査)講師 市川 正敏, 教授 山本 潤, 教授 田中 耕一郎 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

No description available.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were dispersed into polyvinyl acetate (PVAc ) adhesive cured by radio frequency (RF) to investigate their loading effects on PVAc adhesive curing time and lap shear bond strength performance. Main factors are CNT loading (0.08, 0.25 and 0.41%), RF curing time (15, 30, 45, 60 seconds), and clamping pressure (100, 160, and 240 psi). Experimental results indicated that CNT loading had significant effects on PVAc curing time and lap shear bond strength. Specifically, single lap shear joints bonded with 0.41% CNT loading adhesive had significantly higher lap shear bond strengths than one with PVAc only (0% CNT loading). The curing time of PVAc dispersed with a 41% CNT loading (15 seconds) was 30 seconds shorter than the one with a 0% CNT loading (45 seconds).

This thesis focuses on ignition of diisopropyl ketone (DIPK), a new biofuel candidate that is produced by endophytic conversion. The ignition delay times behind reflected shockwaves were modeled in a high-pressure shock tube. The ignition delay times were compared to other biofuels and gasoline surrogates. Parametric studies of the ignition delay experiments were performed between 1-10 atm and 900 -1200K. An OH optical sensor was developed in conjunction for the ignition delay experiments. The OH optical sensor uses a microwave discharge lamp to generate light at 308 nm that will then be shined through the combustion reaction. Using Beer-Lambert law the concentration of OH can be obtained during ignition and oxidation of hydrocarbon fuels in a shock tube. DIPK ignition delay time experiments are planned in two shock tubes (located at UCF and UF) to provide ignition and OH time-histories data for model validation.

This paper presents the behaviour and design of axially loaded elliptical steel hollow sections filled with normal and high strength concrete. The experimental investigation was conducted with three nominal wall thickness (4mm, 5mm and 6.3mm) and different infill concrete cube strengths varied from 30 to 100 MPa. The effect of steel tube thickness, concrete strength, and confinement were discussed together with column strengths and load-axial shortening curves were evaluated. The study is limited to cross-section capacity and has not been validated at member level. Comparisons of the tests results together with other available results from the literature have been made with current design method used for the design of composite circular steel sections in Eurocode 4 and AISC codes. It was found that existing design guidance for concrete filled circular hollow sections may generally be safely applied to concrete filled elliptical steel tubes.