Submitted by Julie_estagiaria Moraes (julie.moraes@fgv.br) on 2012-01-18T16:47:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 000051541 Cópia.pdf: 10716797 bytes, checksum: 54b800a7a2662d218efcc40ed0bddc08 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-01-18T16:47:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 000051541 Cópia.pdf: 10716797 bytes, checksum: 54b800a7a2662d218efcc40ed0bddc08 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1987 / The understanding of relationship between education and social fights on historical context of directed colonization is proposed. The field work took place at Alto Turi, in the Pre Amazonia region of Maranhão, where the Alto Turi colonization Project (PCAT) is undertaken by Companhia de Colonização do Nordeste (COLONE), a mixed enterprize subsidiary to Superintendencia do Desenvolvimento do Nordeste (SUDENE). The fundamental question here is concerned to changes the settlers attain through education, from passive producers and dependent on paternalistic and assistencial relationships, to active individuals ready to discuss and propose changes to the PCAT. Their education process, reflexion and actions analysis pervades the understanding of historical process of Maranhão Alto Turi, i. e.: North-eastern migration movement begun in the fifties; SUDENE's answer to this movement, in 1962, when regional colonization project was created; the undergoing migration process which introduced new performers (farmes and traders); the creation of COLONE in 1972 to replace SUDENE in the development of PCAT communities organizing work analysis, education, rural extension and co-operativism offercd formerIy by SUDENE and afterwards by COLONE to the nucleated populations. This way of working implies yet in the analysis of the regional classes structure, verifying the political role and the social power of the settlers' group, as well as understanding the contradictions that dynamize the classes fight in the region and noting this movernent inside a broader social process, regional and national. / Proposta de compreensao da relação entre educaçao e lutas sociais no contexto histórico da Colonização Dirigida. O trabalho de campo realizou-se na região do Alto Turi, na pré-Amazônia maranhense, onde se desenvolve o Projeto de Colonização do Alto Turi(PCAT), executado pela Companhia de Colonização do Nordeste (COLONE), empresa mista, subsidiária da Superintendência de Desenvolvimento do Nordeste (SUDENE). A questão fundamental do estudo é como os colonos se educam e se transformam, de produtores passivos e dependentes de relações assistencialistas e paterna por mudanças no PCAT. A análise do processo educativo, da reflexão e da ação desenvolvida pelos colonos, passa pela compreensão do processo histórico do Alto Turi Maranhense, isto é: do movimento migratório nordestino a partir da década de 50; da resposta a esse movimento dada pela SUDENE com a criação, em 1962, do projeto de colonização da região; da continuação do processo migratório introduzindo novos personagens (fazendeiros e comerciantes); da criação, em 1972, da COLONE, substituindo a SUDENE na execução do PCAT; da análise dos trabalhos de organização de comunidades, educação, extensão rural e cooperativismo oferecidos pela SUDENE e, posteriormente, pela COLONE à população nucleada. Esta linha de trabalho ainda implica, metodologicamente, em analisar a estrutura de classes da região, verificando o papel político e o peso social do grupo formado pelos colonos, assim como compreender as contradições que dinamizam a luta de classes na região, percebendo esse movimento no interior do processo social mais amplo, regional e nacional.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2002. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 290-305).

Bajo ese marco, esta memoria responde al desafío de enfrentar las ausencias, de conjurar a los estudiosos que ya no están y, alquímicamente recuperar de la amalgama de la bibliografía, de conjuntos de astillas y escamas de piedra, e instrumentos fragmentarios, información ocupacionalmente significativa. Responde también a recorrer la intrincada trama del Pukara entre chullpas, tumbas y basurales, advirtiendo la transversalidad del material lítico, no únicamente en el poderoso estigma de la basura sino como un objeto material que en una chullpa, en un contexto fúnebre, o un waki asume una connotación diferente, extremadamente relevante para quien depositó una pala o una mano de moler como ofrenda para los cerros tutelares, para sus familiares o amigos o para ofrendar a la tierra al inaugurar la ocupación de un nuevo hogar.

Al-Māturīdīyya are those who followed the teachings of Abū Mānṣūr Muḥammad b. Muḥammad al-Māturīdī who was in his turn a follower of the Īmān Abū Ḥanīfa. The school of al-Māturīdī, along with that of al-Ashʻarī, made a great impact on Islamic thought and together they upheld and defended Sunnism from the 4/10 century onwards. In the first part of this thesis, an endeavour will be made to get to know this scholar and other topics to be studied will include the period during which this school emerged, the position of Samarqand as the headquarters of the Māturīdītes, the teachers of al-Māturīdī and the students who studied directly under him and their contribution to Islamic thought. The second part of the thesis will be devoted to an introduction to al-Ḥakīm as-Samarqandī's work, As-Sawād al-aʻẓam. Al-Ḥakīm was the first student to study under al-Māturīdī and together they planted the first seeds of this school. In another section of this part a comparison between the teacher al-Māturīdī and the student al-Ḥakīm will be presented and this part will be ended by a translation of As-Sawād al-aʻẓam which embodies the early dogmatic thinking of the Māturīdīte school. The last part of the thesis is an appendix which deals with a mas'ala ascribed to Abū-l-Layth as-Samarqandī entitled: Is Īmān created or uncreated, Hal al-Īmām Makhlūg aw Ghayr Makhlūq?

The latest Eocene and Oligocene was a time of marked paleoenvironmental change in Taranaki Basin, involving a transition from the accumulation of coal measures and inner shelf deposits to the development of upper bathyal environments. Up until the end of the Early Oligocene (Lower Whaingaroan Stage) Taranaki Basin had an extensional tectonic setting. Marine transgression culminated in the accumulation of condensed facies of the Matapo Sandstone Member of the lower part of the Ngatoro Group. During the Late Oligocene (Upper Whaingaroan Stage) Taranaki Basin's tectonic setting changed to one of crustal shortening with basement overthrusting westward into the basin on Taranaki Fault. The major part of the Ngatoro Group in thickness, including the Tariki Sandstone Member, Otaraoa Formation, Tikorangi Formation and Taimana Formation, accumulated in response to this change in tectonic setting. Various methods of stratigraphic and sedimentological characterisation have been undertaken to evaluate the stratigraphy of the Ngatoro Group. Wireline log records have been calibrated through particle sizing and carbonate digestion of well cuttings. A suite of wireline motifs have been defined for formations and members of the Ngatoro Group. The integration with other lithological and paleoenvironmental data sources has helped to better define the Late Eocene - Oligocene stratigraphy and sedimentary facies for eastern Taranaki Basin margin. U-Pb geochronology by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) has been used to determine detrital ages for over 350 zircons from 13 samples of Late Eocene - Oligocene sandstone samples in eastern Taranaki Basin and correlative onshore North Island units. The spread of ages (1554 - 102 Ma) and the proportion of ages in particular age bands integrated with modal petrography data have aided provenance evaluation. A range of source rocks contributed to the Late Eocene - Oligocene sedimentary units analysed, mainly the Waipapa Terrane (Early Permian to Late Jurassic) as shown by 206Pb/238U zircon ages and the abundance of fine-grained sedimentary rock fragments observed in samples. The Median Batholith (i.e. Darran/Median Suite and Separation Point Suite) is also identified as a significant source, indicated by Early Triassic to Early Jurassic and Early Cretaceous 206Pb/238U zircon ages and an abundance of quartz in samples. Other minor sources identified include Murihiku and Caples Terranes, Rakaia Sub-terrane and possibly the Karamea Batholith. The Tariki Sandstone and the Hauturu Sandstone have the same source, with the main 206Pb/238U zircon ages of aggregated samples (124 - 116 Ma and 121 Ma, respectively) consistent with a Separation Point Suite/Median Batholith (124 - 116 Ma) source. Derivation of sediments from a landmass that existed to the east and southeast of the Wellington area has been inferred for the Late Eocene - Oligocene units, with subsequent migration of sediments northward into Taranaki Basin and the Waikato Region (i.e. Te Kuiti Group depocentre) via longshore drift. New provenance data have been used to revise understanding about the development of eastern Taranaki Basin margin through the Late Eocene to earliest Miocene. Three new paleogeography maps are presented for the Runangan (Late Eocene), Lower Whaingaroan (Early Oligocene) and Upper Whaingaroan (early-mid-Oligocene). New paleogeography interpretations illustrate a dramatic change in the basin development between Matapo Sandstone (Lower Whaingaroan) and Tariki Sandstone (Upper Whaingaroan) deposition, consistent with an Upper Whaingaroan age for the start of reverse movement on Taranaki Fault.