Thèse--Univ. de Neuchâtel. / "Bibliographie": p. [209]-212.

It is argued that the neo-classical approach of regarding the market economy as a largely sufficient means of optimising technological and economic development is quite unrealistic and market forces alone cannot assure rapid technological and economic development. It is suggested instead that the pace of technological change and industrial transformation can be accelerated by well-directed pro-active State intervention. To do so, the State must allocate resources, articulate goals, identify time frames, design and implement appropriate policies as well as establish linkage and integrative mechanisms. This thesis focuses on defining the characteristics of a State that can stimulate technological advancement in carefully selected sectors to achieve mastery of particular technologies in the drive for economic development. According to the argument of this thesis, it is by means of a developmental State, that technological development can become endogenised and it is differences in State capacity that largely explain variations in economic performance amongst developing countries. State actions that create coherence between the public and private sectors, so leading to a synergistic interaction promoting the strengths of both to the detriment of neither are also defined and described. From the starting position that it is the developmental State that is best positioned to co-ordinate and prioritise in order to bring about rapid technological and economic development, the thesis explores what are the defining characteristics of such a State. In addition to the three features recognised in the literature: - relative autonomy, capacity, and embeddedness - the thesis argues that for a State to become developmental, four other features are required. These are: - legitimacy of the State, unity in society, motivation for economic development, and political stability. The essence of this thesis's theoretical contribution is that it is the extent to which these seven features are developed, as well as the manner and extent of their interaction with one another, that determines the level of developmental capacity of a State in any particular period. By means of this theoretical framework, the socio-historical and political processes in the South Korean and Turkish States are analysed with reference to their car manufacturing industries. Technical changes implemented throughout the history of the three Turkish passenger car plants are investigated, together with the firms' characteristics and performance. The nature and objectives of technological changes generated in the plants are explored and both macro and firm-level factors that affect the firms' technological efforts are identified. The focus of the case studies is to uncover the precise nature of the means and mechanisms whereby the South Korean State's interventions proved to be so much more effective than those of the Turkish State.

In contemporary world affairs, it is seemingly impossible to separate religion from politics. Turkey and Israel are often pointed to as states that still struggle with balancing religious and secular forces. Both Turkey and Israel's independence era leaders desired secular, modern republics, looking to French laicism as a method to subordinate religion from the state, but unlike France, neither was able to accomplish this goal. How did this come to be? I argue that the compromises of Turkish and Israeli independence-era secular leaders with religious advocacy coalitions which established Religious Ministries as a quick policy solution inadvertently paved the way for religion to exert a central influence. Through such ministries, religious groups were able to enshrine particular strains of Islam and Judaism along with their particular conceptions of citizenship based on ethno-religious grounds in place of initial republican ideals. This pull between rival definitions of citizenship--secular and religious--would go on to define debates for decades. Using the complementary lenses of historical and discursive institutionalism I will trace the processes by which particular conceptualizations of citizenship were reached by advocacy coalitions of secular and conservative forces, how these philosophies became the basis for institutions, and how those institutions went on to constrain future interpretations.

This dissertation examines the role of the social struggles and alliances in shaping the Constitutional Court rulings that structure core political controversies in Turkey. By adopting Joel Migdal’s State-in-Society approach, the Court is conceived as an organization that exists in an environment of conflict. By following a process oriented approach, this study analyzes the ways in which the relation between the Court and other actors influence the Constitutional Court of Turkey’s motives, capacity and manner of activism mainly during the period under the 1961 Constitution. This study argues that the limits of the Court’s power and its role in structuring the core political controversies that define and divide society can be explained by looking at the alliances formed between the Court and other actors. Alliances extend the jurisdiction of the Court by opening new avenues for political intervention and creating a support network for the reasoning and the justification of its rulings. By comparing the Court’s activism under the 1961 Constitution and under the 1982 Constitution, it is demonstrated that neither the nature nor the influence of these alliances remains static. In fact, this dissertation points out that we need to make a conceptual differentiation between two forms of alliances; strategic alliances and judicial coalitions. Strategic alliances refer to implicit alliances between the Court and other actors formed around an issue, whereas judicial coalitions refer to alliances based on a common normative framework and a shared identity. Whereas the Court’s activism in the first period is best described in terms of a strategic alliance, its activism in the 1990’s and 2000’s is best described with the term judicial coalition. / 10000-01-01

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CHRISTOPHER R. BOTTOM, for the MASTER OF SCIENCE degree in ZOOLOGY, presented on XXXX at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: HABITAT OVERLAP AMONG MESOCARNIVORES AND WILD TURKEYS IN AN AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE MAJOR PROFESSOR: Clayton K. Nielsen Wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) populations have grown considerably in the agricultural Midwest during the past few decades, as have mesocarnivores such as coyotes (Canis latrans) and bobcats (Lunx rufus) which may impact turkey populations. However, few studies have assessed habitat overlap between mesocarnivores and turkeys with a goal to understand potential impacts of mesocarnivores on turkeys. To address these gaps in the literature, my objectives were to (1) create single-species models of habitat use for bobcats, coyotes, and wild turkeys; (2) model habitat overlap among species; and (3) determine the influence of mesocarnivore habitat use on wild turkey nest success and mortality. I captured and radiomarked 14 adult bobcats (10 M, 4 F), 19 adult coyotes (11 M, 8 F), and 44 wild turkey hens (9 J, 34 A) during 2011-2013 in a complex agricultural landscape in southern Illinois. I developed single-species resource selection function models of habitat use for all 3 focal species and also developed habitat overlap models. In the single species models, wild turkey and bobcat use was concentrated largely in forested areas whereas coyote use was highest in agricultural areas. Overlap among species was common and occurred mostly in forested areas. I then used locations of 107 wild turkeys nests and 28 hen mortalities and modeled the effect of bobcat, coyote, and wild turkey use on turkey nest success and mortalities. Coyote presence was the best predictor of nest success, with increased coyote use associated with higher nest success. Wild turkey use was important in determining location of wild turkey hen mortalities, with increased turkey use associated with higher probability of mortality occurrence. My findings suggest that top predators may be important and beneficial for ground nesting avian species (e.g., wild turkey). Coyotes utilize many habitat types for foraging including forest edges, grasslands, and wetlands. These are abundant in a fragmented landscapes and also represent areas preferred by ground nesting bird species and other mesocarnivores. With coyotes acting as the top predator throughout much of the Midwest, they are likely reducing densities of other important turkey nest predator species, thereby increasing nest success. Although the study is not conclusive on its own, it is consistent with the predictions of the mesopredator release hypothesis.

Most research on Eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) has occurred in extensively forested habitats atypical of midwestern landscapes. I studied the ecology of female wild turkeys in a portion of southern Illinois consisting of an agricultural matrix interspersed with forest, and grassland cover types. I quantified causes of hen and nest mortality, nesting habitat variables, nesting rates, nest success, clutch and brood sizes, and incubation length. I also examined daily nest and weekly hen survival rates, and hen and brood home ranges and habitat selection. Sixty-four hens were radiomarked during 2008-10. Predation was the primary cause of nest mortality (80.5%) and hen mortality (100.0%). Coyotes (Canis latrans) were responsible for 40.3% of nest mortalities and 42.8% of hen mortalities, whereas bobcats (Lynx rufus) caused 42.8% of hen mortalities. Weekly survival rates were 98.7 and 98.6% for adult and juvenile hens, respectively. Seasonal survival rates for adult hens varied from 68.7% during breeding to 88.9% during winter. Most hens (98.5%) made a first nest attempt, 75.6% of hens attempted a second nest, and 8.0% of hens attempted a third nest. Mean clutch size was 12.4 ± 0.4 (SE throughout) during the first nesting attempt and 9.6 ± 0.6 during the second nesting attempt. The mean incubation length of successful nests was 31.1 ± 0.8 days. Mean nest success was 19.8%, producing 11.3 ± 3.3 poults/per

Considerando a crescente importância econômica da exportação de carne de peru e os desafios sanitários que surgem com o aumento da produção desta espécie, o presente projeto propõe a detecção dos agentes bacterianos em perus apresentando quadro de aerossaculite, através da reação em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR). Um total de 201 suabes de sacos aéreos foram coletados a partir das carcaças de perus em um abatedouro comercial localizado no Centro Oeste do Brasil. Os suabes foram submetidos a PCR para detecção de Bordetela avium, Pasteurela multocida, Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, Mycolplasma. gallisepticum, M. iowae, M. meleagridis e M. synoviae. B. avium foi detectada através da PCR em 58 animais, representando 28,8% dos suabes analisados. Os 201 suabes foram negativos para detecção de todos os outros agentes pesquisados. B. avium está presente nas criações de peru do país, e pode ter importante impacto sobre as doenças respiratórias desta espécie em condições intensivas de produção. / Considering the increasing economic importance of exports of turkey meat and sanitary challenges that come with increased production of this species, this project proposes the detection of bacterial agents involved in airsacculitis of turkeys, through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 201 air sacs swabs were collected from turkey carcasses at a commercial slaughterhouse located in the Midwest of Brazil. These swabs were submitted to PCR for detection of Bordetela avium, Pasteurela multocida, Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, Mycolplasma. gallisepticum, M. iowae, M. meleagridis e M. synoviae. B. avium was detected in 58 animals, representing 28.8% of the swabs analyzed. All 201 swabs were negative to detection of other six agents tested. B. avium is disseminated in Brazilians turkey herds and may have important impact in respiratory diseases in this specie under intensive production systems.

Doctorat en sciences sociales, politiques et économiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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