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Compounding and Incorporation in the Ket Language: Implications for a More Unified Theory of CompoundingSmith, Benjamin C 01 January 2014 (has links)
Compounding in the world’s languages is a complex word-‐formation process that is not easily accounted for. Moreover, incorporation is equally complex and problematic. This examination of compounding and incorporation in the Ket language seeks to identify the underlying logic of these processes and to work towards a typology that captures generalizations among the numerous ways in which languages expand their lexicons through these processes. Canonical Typology provides a framework that does just this. A preliminary canonical typology of compounds is proposed here, one that subsumes a range of compounds as well as incorporation. For this reason, the Ket language, which relies heavily on compounding and incorporation, will be used as a test case. The aim is to define the canonical com
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THE SHAWNEE ALIGNMENT SYSTEM: APPLYING PARADIGM FUNCTION MORPHOLOGY TO LEXICAL-FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR'S M-STRUCTUREHardymon, Nathan 01 January 2015 (has links)
Shawnee is a language whose alignment system is of the type first proposed by Nichols (1992) and Siewierska (1998): hierarchical alignment. This alignment system was proposed to account for languages where distinctions between agent (A) and object (O) are not formally manifested. Such is the case in Shawnee; there are person-marking inflections on the verb for both A and O, but there is not set order. Instead, Shawnee makes reference to an animacy hierarchy and is an inverse system. This thesis explores how hierarchical alignment is accounted for by Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG), and also applies Paradigm Function Morphology to LFG’s m(orphological)-structure as most of the alignment system in Shawnee is realized in the inflectional morphology.
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Patterns of Morphosyntactic and Functional Diversification in the Usage of Cognate Verbs in Indo-IranianShirtz, Shahar 06 September 2017 (has links)
This is a study of processes of structural and functional diversification of the uses of three cognate verbs across the Indo-Iranian language family: “do/make”, “be/become”, and “give”. First, this study identifies over sixty distinct construction types in which these verbs are used, including complex predicate constructions, nominal predication constructions, serial verb constructions, and several distinct auxiliary constructions. Since the sets of verbs studied here are cognates, and share a common source, crosslinguistic differences in their uses are the result of grammatical change, and especially shared and parallel innovations of similar uses.
Then, this study presents a taxonomy of different complex predication types with “do/make”, and shows that there are general patterns in the deployment of different types of complex predication to express different types of situations. These patterns exhibit “transitivity prominence” previously identified by typologists with “heavy” or “lexical” verbs. This study then shows that these patterns are the result of several distinct pathways of grammatical change, often motivated by analogy to existing constructions, giving raise to different types of N-V complex predication constructions.
Then, this study shows that despite the fact that Indo-Iranian speakers can potentially deploy distinct constructions to encode each of the six nominal predication functions, sets of such functions are often co-expressed by the same structural coding means, especially clauses with cognate “be/become” verbs. This study uses a novel method, based on bipartite network graphs, to compare of the degree to which nominal predication functions are co-expressed in different languages.
Finally, this study shows that the three sets of cognate verbs are more likely to be used similarity within branches and subbranches of Indo-Iranian than across branches. The scope of this branches, however, is different for different verbs: “do/make” and “give” behave more similarly in languages which belong to the same major branch, Iranian or Indo-Aryan, but “be/become” clusters are at different levels of subbranching. This is the result of the different types of innovations attested with these verbs: reanalysis and actualization motivated by analogy with “do/make” and “give”, and metaphorical and metonymy extensions with “be/become”.
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Considerações sobre a posição dos verbos na língua brasileira de sinais: uma análise descritiva a partir de diálogos entre surdos / Considerations on the position of verbs in the Brazilian sign language: a descriptive analysis based on the dialogues between the deafSilva, Sofia Oliveira Pereira dos Anjos Coimbra da 04 December 2015 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2015-12-04 / This study presents a descriptive analysis of Libras about the position of verbs in the turns
of a dialogue between deaf people. For this, we resorted to the descriptive analysis,
recognizing the dialogical interaction as a textual instrument, and to the semantic-syntactic
theoretical base to analyse the documented data, which allowed us to observe the
relations between elements that predicate and the position of verbal predication in the
analyzed turns. Our analysis favors the typological-functional view, once our hypothesis
is that the position of verbs is preferred in certain texts for inherent pragmatic factors and
not derived from an underlying basic order.Thus, we use the theoretical bases of
prototypicality in the simple sentence composition and in the verb semantics suggested
by Givón (2001), in order to analyze the documented data. In the dialogue the verbs
present an ending position when the turns contain predications, when relating elements,
that represent changing of location and aspectual and descriptive information of the
entities. The verbs present a medial and initial position when such predications have the
articulated base anchored to the body. Therefore, the position of the verb will follow
accordingly the compositional mode of the predicate inserted in the turn. The position of
the verbs in Libras is a consequence of the pragmatic influence upon the semantic and
syntactic structure of the units presented in turns in the analyzed dialogue. / Este estudo apresenta uma pesquisa de análise descritiva da Libras acerca da posição dos verbos
nos turnos de um diálogo entre surdos. Para isso, recorremos à análise descritiva, reconhecendo a
interação dialogada como instrumento textual, e à base teórica semântico-sintática para analisar os
dados documentados, que permitiu observar as relações entre elementos que predicam e a posição
da predicação verbal nos turnos analisados. Nossa análise privilegia a visão tipológico-funcional,
uma vez que nossa hipótese é de que a posição dos verbos é preferida em determinados textos por
fatores pragmáticos inerentes e não derivada de uma ordem básica subjacente. Para tanto, nos
valemos das bases teóricas de prototipicidade na composição sentencial simples e na semântica dos
verbos sugerida por Givón (2001), a fim de analisar os dados documentados. No diálogo, os verbos
apresentam posição final quando os turnos contêm predicações que, ao relacionar elementos,
representam mudança de localização e informações aspectuais e descritivas das entidades. Os
verbos apresentam posição medial e inicial quando tais predicações têm base articulatória ancorada
ao corpo. Sendo assim, a posição do verbo seguirá o modo composicional do predicado inserido
no turno. A posição dos verbos na Libras é uma consequência da influência pragmática sobre a
estrutura semântica e sintática das unidades apresentadas por turnos no diálogo analisado.
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Listener Attitudes towards Individuals with Voice DisordersNanjundeswaran, Chaya, Ballone, Heather, Farris, A., Foulks, N., Richardson, S. 19 October 2019 (has links)
No description available.
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TTHE SYSTEM OF GERMAN INTENSIFIERS IN A CORPUS OF MIDDLE HIGH GERMANJaider David De La Hoz Garcia (14231849) 17 May 2024 (has links)
<p> </p>
<p>The present thesis presents a study conducted using corpus linguistics and variationist methods in order to explore the system of intensifiers in a corpus of Middle High German. The data consisted of a sample of adjectives from different texts from the Middle High German period (1050-1350). The study of intensifiers (e.g. <em>sehr ‘</em>very<em>’, wirkick ‘</em>really<em>’, ganz ‘</em>quite<em>’</em>) has been a topic of much discussion, mainly in English. On the contrary, there is little research on the system of German intensifiers (e.g. <em>sehr, wirklich, ganz</em>). The analysis of data resulted in amplifiers being the most frequent type of intensifiers. Besides the thesis drew the distribution of the most frequent variants found in the sample, and the overall occurrence of intensifiers among different text types. Furthermore, the results suggest that the rate of intensification is relatively low and remains low throughout most of the Middle High German period, but is higher in courtly texts and religious legends than in other types of texts. These findings were comparable to the previous research done, suggesting that intensification of adjectives in German behaved similarly to what have been observed in English. </p>
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Pronominal Complex Predicates in Colloquial PersianKazeminejad, Ghazaleh 01 January 2014 (has links)
Pronominal complex predicates in colloquial Persian are periphrastic constructions with an idiosyncratic syntactic pattern. They show a peculiar behavior compared to the regular agreement system in Persian, and they are the only construction in Persian which requires the obligatory presence of a pronominal enclitic. This work is an attempt to analyze this construction in order to find its function. For this purpose, a lexical semantic classification of them was proposed, which helped in presenting a new analysis. It was found out that this construction is used to express a particular diathesis in which the topic of the sentence (determined according to Givón’s topicality hierarchy) is an indirect participant. I proposed a hybrid dual-layer agreement system which includes a morphosyntactic and a semantic layer. The pronominal enclitic was analyzed as a phrasal affix and agreement marker by reference to Givón’s (1976) and Anderson’s (2005) arguments. The construction was analyzed to be an instance of the external possessor construction proposed by Haig (2008), which is observed in Iranian languages. The classification of the data clarified the mapping of semantics onto syntax. The proposed analysis could be added to and unified with the current analysis of Persian complex predicates (Bonami and Samvelian, 2009).
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Negation in Khuzestani Arabic & Sadat Tawaher Sign LanguageSeyyed Hatam Tamimi Sad (8277918) 10 January 2024 (has links)
<p dir="ltr">This dissertation presents a analysis of negation in a spoken language, i.e., Khuzestani Arabic (KhA), and a sign language, i.e., Sadat Tawaher Sign Language (STSL). STSL emerged naturally without any intervention such as deaf education after a man lost his hearing around sixty years ago in a small village named Sadat Tawaher located in southwestern Iran. After this incident, the deaf person's family came up with a gestural system to communicate with him. Despite the fact that everyone in Sadat Tawaher, including the deaf person's family, speaks KhA, I hypothesized that KhA and STSL possess different grammatical ways to express negation. Data gathered using signed productions, story-telling, and grammaticality judgments clearly showed that negation is preverbal in KhA but sentence-final in STSL. </p>
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Bursting the Filter Bubble: Information Literacy and Questions of Valuation, Navigation, and Control in a Digital LandscapeHassan, Komysha 01 January 2018 (has links)
The evolution of social media platforms and other public forums in the digital realm has created an explosion of user-generated content and data as a component of the already content-saturated digital landscape. The distributed, horizontal nature of the internet as a platform makes it difficult to ascertain value and differentiate between texts of varying validity, bias, and purpose. In addition, the internet is not an inanimate interface. As Pariser (2011) argues, content aggregators, such as Google, actively filter, personalize, and therefore limit each individual's access to information, in both range and type. This has created a crisis of information valuation and control. Importantly, conventional curriculum does not furnish students with the information literacy tools necessary for them to navigate the digital landscape effectively. Information miners and developers, including news organizations, are falling victim to this fallacy as well. Lankshear and Knobel (2011) posit that empowering navigation and control in the digital landscape requires a new mindset. This research offers a context-driven approach that acknowledges this new mindset, promoting "rhetorical consciousness" (Murphy et al., 2003) within the network and providing a framework to recognize, challenge, and co-create gatekeeping roles and mechanism as they increasingly shift to the individual.
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Quantifying Phonological Feature Co-occurrenceApril Lynn Grotberg (13171419) 29 July 2022 (has links)
<p>This study argues that the observed-over-expected ratio, or O/E, is an inadequate metric for measuring the strength of consonant co-occurrence in Similar Place Avoidance. I advocate for the use of Yule's Q, an odds ratio based statistic that is not influenced by the relative proportions of labials, coronals, and dorsals in the dataset. This position is advanced on general statistical and linguistic considerations as well as through the analysis of empirical data from 32 languages. </p>
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<p>Parallel typological analyses are conducted using O/E and Yule's Q. Cross-linguistic comparisons using O/E suggest that CVC sequences with two coronals are the least marked of the homorganic pairs. The same analysis using Yule's Q suggests any place of articulation may be the least/most marked in a given language; there are no cross-linguistic preferences. The disagreement between the two statistics can be accounted for by the fact that O/E is sensitive to the margin totals: coronals only appear to pattern separately from the labials and dorsals in the O/E analysis because they are considerably more frequent than are labial and dorsal segments.</p>
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<p>To advance the use of Yule's Q in the study of Similar Place Avoidance, the paper provides guidance on constructing confidence intervals, measuring/interpreting effect size, and appropriate use of significance testing. Two case studies on aspects of Similar Place Avoidance in Latin and Medieval Castilian illustrate the proposed methodology.</p>
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