The diploma thesis "Football Supporters as a Part of Civil Society" deals with the phenomenon of football supporterism from the perspective of the relationship between fan groupings and civil society. After the introduction and the aims of the thesis, where the main aim is the basic description and classification of various forms of grouping of football fans, follows the theoretical part focusing on three main topics: civil society, social movements and subcultures and the world of football supporters. In the empirical part the author presents the results of her qualitative research using particularly methods of participant as well as non- participant observation, informal interviews and the study of documents. The author introduces her own typology of fan groups and organizations and describes their activities within the civil society. In the final part she summarizes the answers to the research questions. The thesis is supplied with a summary, a list of sources, an index, a glossary and three appendices.

The Diploma thesis focuses on examination of real interconnection between political extremism and hardcore fans of Bohemians 1905, Slavie Praha and Sparta Praha. The research itself is therefore concentrated primarily on people associated with political extremism and their relation to groups of ultras and hooligans and furthermore their influence on these groups. The theoretical part of the thesis introduces theory of political extremism, typology groups of people attending football games, their development and the reasons of their politicization. The analytical part elaborates particulary the different Prague football clubs and their fans. Part of the data is applied from fourteen half-structured interviews with ultras and hooligans representatives of these clubs. The goal of the thesis is to clarify the real scale of interconnection between political activists and hardcore fans on the one hand, and on the other hand to point out and explain the attempts of political extremist to penetrace into this enviroment and assess the degree of their success.

The authors discussed on the alleged utility as well as the drawbacks of the mandatory determination of corporate purpose. They analyze and criticize the required characteristics of the corporate purpose by the Peruvian corporate regulation as well as the alleged benefits of making mandatory its determination. The authors propose the elimination of the obligation to determine the corporate purpose in order to give corporations freedom to configure their economic activity without being limited by an outdated rule. / En el presente artículo, los autores discuten la presunta utilidad como inconvenientes de la obligación de determinar el objeto social. En ese sentido, se analiza las características exigidas al objeto social, como los supuestos beneficios que traería su regulación. Los autores proponen la eliminación de la obligación de determinar el objeto social a fin de permitir a las sociedades configurar libremente su actividad, sin verse limitadas por una norma rígida.

Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka hur fotbollssupportrar konstrueras språkligt i svensk dagspress. För att göra detta jämförs representationen av olika deltagare i rapporteringen av Villkorstrappan-konflikten. Materialet för analysen består av 15 artiklar ur den rikstäckande dagstidningen Svenska Dagbladet. Studien tar avstamp i teorier från den kritiska diskursanalysen och den systemisk-funktionella grammatiken. De textanalytiska metoderna baseras på den ideationella metafunktionen. Analysresultaten ställs i relation till medieanalytisk och sociologisk forskning om supporterskap, ultraskultur och huliganism. Studiens primära slutsatser är att konstruktionen av fotbollssupportrar är ambivalent och formad av motstridiga diskurser. Polisen konstrueras som ett hot mot supportrar, samtidigt som supportrar representeras som en homogen grupp som deltar i illegala aktiviteter på läktarna. Jag argumenterar för att detta i förlängningen kan ha negativa konsekvenser för svensk supporterkultur och allmänhetens förståelse av den. / The purpose of this study is to investigate the linguistic construction of football fans in Swedish daily press. To fulfill this a comparison is carried out between the representation of participants in the news reports on the so-called Condition Stairs conflict (Villkorstrappan). The data consists of 15 news articles from the nationwide daily newspaper Svenska Dagbladet. The study draws upon theories from Critical Discourse Analysis and Systemic Functional Grammar. The analytical methods are based on the ideational metafunction. The results are discussed in relation to media analytical and sociological research on football fandom, ultras culture and hooliganism. The main conclusions drawn from the study are that the linguistic construction of football fans is ambivalent and shaped by conflicting discourses. The police are constructed as a threat to football fans, at the same time the football fans are represented as a homogeneous group participating in illegal activities in the stands. I argue that this could have negative impacts on the Swedish fan culture and the general understanding of it.

Thesis "Social work with football fans in the European Union countries as an inspiration for the Czech Republic" is about specific kind of social work with football fans and so called fan projects. Work consists of introduction of specifics of football fans, resp. hooligans when describes history of this area and also the most recent situation. This is followed by theoretical and fundamental part of the work that describes working projects or projects that can be taken as an example. This part includes international projects of fan's embassies and explains the concept of fan project of fan management. This is covering also social prevention and contact work suitable for fan project. Description of the target group of fan projects, their financing and summary of recommended competence of fan worker. The end of theoretical part describes in details a fan project which comes from contact work and youths clubs. It includes description of activities that are offered, services and how it is served. This is the most important part of the whole work as it brings exact description for realization that can be used for a future projects. The practical part completes theoretical part and investigates level of information of football club in this social work area, their opinion on role and responsibilities of...

Thesis "Social work with football fans in the European Union countries as an inspiration for the Czech Republic" is about specific kind of social work with football fans and so called fanprojects. Work is focusing on description of topics and projects realized at international Europe level, following by description of situation in England, Italy and Germany. Projects mentioned in work are either already working or are mentioned as inspiration for CZ. Work explaining approach in each country including description of organization activities. Projects that are covering this topic in Czech Republic, are also listed in work. Also international project of fans embassy as an example of social service with football fans are included in work. Fan project including example of best practices is part of the work. Practical part of work - qualitative research is supplementing theoretical part and it is coming in several parts. Part of research is describing attitude of football clubs for this king of social work, part is describing interviews with employees of organization working with football fans in Europe. Another part is analyzing documents of specific Fanclub and analyze of email communication with members of fans associations. Practical part is complementing theoretical part. At the end there is...