I denna kvalitativa intervjustudie har fyra gymnasielärare delat med sig av sina uppfattningar om användningen av skrivande och skriftlig korrigerande feedback som ett sätt att utveckla elevers grammatiska korrekthet. Studien visar att deltagarna anser att det är viktigt att integrera grammatikundervisningen med skrivande då det bland annat möjliggör individualisering. Vidare framkommer det att det finns ett större fokus på att rätta lokala fel än globala, och att omfattningen av feedback bör baseras på elevers kunskapsnivå. Lärarnas feedbackstrategier påverkas också av elevers kunskapsnivåer, men även felets komplexitet. Slutligen betonar lärarna att för att den skriftliga korrigerande feedbacken ska vara effektiv behöver eleverna få tid till att bearbeta den.

With the rise of English as the go-to language in the world, it has also become an important subject in the Swedish education system, aimed at preparing students for the English requirements expected of them in higher education and business. However, communication and content have become the main focus in the classroom, with grammar and accuracy being judged as variably important from teacher to teacher. This has led to students feeling confident in speaking, but lacking the skills needed to create accurate and coherent texts, the effects of which are detrimental to their credibility and can have serious negative effects in the workplace. The aim of this paper is to investigate the efficacy of different methods of corrective feedback (CF) aimed at improving grammatical accuracy in student writing. Eight studies were selected, looking at different methods of CF. The results showed that CF is indeed effective, but that many factors such as language proficiency, previous experience, scope of CF and error type influence the outcome of the CF. The implications of this are very relevant to the English classroom in Sweden as the classroom is not homogenous and teachers must take care to become aware of each student’s individual needs, prior knowledge and preferences in order to maximize the effectiveness of the CF. Future research could explore the effects of Dynamic CF and peer-reviewing, providing students with many opportunities to write and revise short texts while simultaneously actively engaging with language form.

The Covid-19 pandemic meant a sudden adjustment for many Swedish employees which resulted in them being forced to work remotely. The purpose of this qualitative, interview-based study was to investigate, from a sociological perspective, how collaboration between colleagues changed when working from home began and what significance it has for the perceived effectiveness, both for the individual and for the work group. As many employees wish to work more from home in the future, knowledge about how the collaboration with colleagues is changing and how the individual is affected by this change is important. Using interaction rituals and individualization, the respondents' descriptions of their working days have been analyzed. It's harder to connect with colleagues when the unfocused interaction is no longer there. It is also difficult to know when a colleague is available when you no longer visually see the colleague. The respondents also describe what they do to become more efficient by avoiding interactions with colleagues and thus can work undisturbed. There are signs of individualization among the respondents and collective thinking has decreased.

La barrière hémato-encéphalique (BHE) est une protection naturelle du système nerveux central. Son étanchéité constitue néanmoins un frein à de nombreuses thérapies médicamenteuses. Elle peut être temporairement perméabilisée grâce à une exposition à des ultrasons, couplée à une injection de microbulles dans la circulation sanguine. Dans ce manuscrit, l'ouverture de la BHE avec un dispositif ultrasonore non focalisé et implantable est étudiée. Une méthode automatique de quantification du volume d'ouverture grâce aux images IRM issues d'une étude clinique de phase 1/2a chez des patients atteint d'un glioblastome multiforme récurrent a été développée et validée. Une corrélation entre la probabilité d'ouverture et la pression acoustique locale a été trouvée. L'activité de cavitation des microbulles a été étudiée in vitro pour affiner la compréhension de son lien avec l'ouverture de la BHE. L'incertitude de quantification de cette activité à l'aide d'un capteur mono-élément utilisé passivement (PCD) à travers le crâne a été évaluée. Une correction se basant sur la position du PCD par rapport à la source de cavitation a été proposée et validée. L'influence du volume couvert par un nuage de cavitation dans le champ ultrasonore non focalisé sur les amplitudes des signaux enregistrés par le PCD pendant le traitement clinique a été discutée. Deux méthodes de localisation et de différenciation de sources de cavitation multiples dans un contexte transcrânien ont été évaluées par simulations et in vitro / The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a natural protection of the central nervous system. However, it limits the delivery of many drugs to the brain tissues. It can be temporarily disrupted by ultrasound exposure combined with intravenous injection of microbubbles. In this manuscript, BBB disruption with an implantable unfocused ultrasound device is studied. An automatic method for quantifying the volume of BBB disruption using MR images from a phase 1/2a clinical study in patients with reccurent glioblastoma was assessed and validated. A correlation between the probability of disruption and the local acoustic pressure was found. Microbubbles cavitation activity was studied in vitro to better understand its effect on BBB disruption. The uncertainty on the amplitudes of cavitation signals recorded with a passive single-element detector (PCD) through the skull was quantified. A position-based correction of the PCD signal was assessed and validated. The effect of the volume of a cavitation cloud in the unfocused ultrasound field on the signal amplitude recorded by the PCD during the clinical treatment was discussed. Two methods for localizing and discriminating cavitation sources in a transcranial context were evaluated by simulations and in vitro