In the course of the last twenty plus years the intensity of economic exchange between China and Germany has increased dramatically. This development was triggered off most of all by the economic policy changes introduced by Deng Xiaoping in 1978. Since then, China has freed itself from its former self-imposed isolation and gradually integrated with the world economy. The market-oriented transformation process initiated in China in the late seventies created the preconditions for the resumption of economic contacts that had been largely stagnant in the preceding years. The gradual establishment of a market-based economic framework has step-by-step contributed to an economic environment that has allowed economic actors to exploit the comparative advantages of the economies concerned and enlarge the scope of labor division with China.

The present work describes the use of Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS) as a detection method for specific thermolysis products with respect to the early recognition of fires. By using additional analytic methods such as simultaneous differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetry (DTA/TG), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and Infrared spectrometry (IR) the specific thermolysis products depent on the temperature of the fire load were characterized and identified. While considering possible interference like e.g. varying atmospheric humidity the limits of detection and determination of the detectable gasses by IMS were determined.

Requirements for the use of computer-based scenarios as training tools are investigated. The first part of the text deals with the validity of computer-based scenarios as representations of real-life situations. Using the scenario "Motivator One", the complex situation of a manager is represented. Several studies argue for a sufficient validity of this scenario. Part two of the text focuses on the topic of polytelie in computer-based scenarios. In complex fields of action, actors develop idiosyncratic representations of goals, according to which they guide their activities. Therefore the use of computer-based scenarios for training-purposes often does not ensure comprehensive learning experiences. In an experimental setting, it is examined how this deficit can be compensated by providing objectives. Sixty students were to lead a virtual company in the computer-based scenario "Motivator One". During a training phase, character and sequence of objectives are varied. The aquisition of knowledge during this training phase and during the following transfer-phase is registered using different process indicators. Sentence verification tasks, teaching-back tasks and self estimations are used as additional knowledge diagnosing procedures. It can be shown that objectives are perceived as helpful. Nevertheless they do not become objectives exclusively guiding the participants actions but are integrated into the individual's structure of objectives. Though area specific knowledge is increased during training phase, objectives do not foster the knowledge acquisition process, which in contrast is affected by interindividually stable behaviour biases. The findings show very cleary that both action and knowledge aquisition process are heavily influenced by current indiosyncratic goals, which derive from individual objectives and prevailing situative conditions. Objectives are only one of several components in this field. Consequences for the use of computer-based scenarios as training tools are discussed.

In the context of this work, a computer program is developed for the simulation of the interference fringe patterns of laboratory-scale pool-fires of organic fuels. With the help of this simulation tool, the formation as well as the dynamics of typical structural components in the interference fringe patterns in the flame neck and the flame plume are modelled. A model conception for the formation of the interference fringe patterns in the flame plume is developed. The temperature field is modelled as a relatively cold convection column, into which a large amount of statistically distributed hot volume elements with gaussian temperature distribution is inserted. The simulation with this model conception shows the typical structure of the measured interference fringe patterns in the flame plume with good congruence. The physical meaning of the velocity of the interference fringe pattern shift within the areas of the flame neck and the flame plume is examined. It is shown in particular that the temporally averaged shifting velocity in vertical direction in the flame neck can be identified as a temporally averaged ascent rate of the flame gases within the region of the thermal boundary layer. For the flame plume, the shifting velocity can be interpreted as a flow velocity averaged over time and the line of sight.

Can UN conflict management be effective in African civil wars? In order to answer this question, the study chooses the Global Governance approach as a frame of reference and applies it to peace and conflict research. A short historical excursion considers the role of the United Nations in the Congo conflict (1960-1964) and in southern Africa. Five case studies form the empirical core of the thesis: Namibia, Angola, Mozambique, Somalia and Rwanda. The thesis compares the experiences of the 1990's and discusses current proposals on the reform of UN peace operations (e.g. the Brahimi Report).

In this work an efficient system on the basis of the Curie point pyrolysis and the ion mobility spectrometry will be developed. Ten types of polymeric materials were examined as test-substances: polyurethanes, polyvinyl chloride, acrylonitrile -, 1,3-butadiene -, styrene-copolymer, polystyrene, polybutylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyamide, polyethylene, polypropylene and polycarbonate. To the evaluation of the analysis-results cluster analysis and the radius-basis-function-network were used. The received results have shown that the PY/IMS-system is well suitable in connection with multivariate analysis for the identification of the above-mentioned plastics

In examine the photocycloadditions of the title compounds the following questions are of interest: 1. Aside of [2+2]-cycloadditions to the C(2)=C(3) bonds, can any cycloaddition occur to the benzoid ring? 2. Which factors govern the regio- and stereoselectivity? Irradiation of either benzo[b]pyrrole-, -furane- or -thiophene-2-carboxylates in the presence of 2-morpholinopropennitril in cyclohexane leads, in a highly regioselective reaction, to [2+2] photoadducts. The regioselectivity seems to follow the formation of the most stable intermediate 1,4-biradicals. No photocycloadditions of the title alkene have been observed with 4-acceptor substituted benzo[b]pyrroles.

This paper is the product of a research and development project for an alternative system for the seaworthy lashing of containers on ocean-going vessels jointly drawn up by terminal operators, stevedore companies, shipping companies, shipbuilders and chandlers, a classification society and scientific institutions, working together in a co-operation community. The development project was conducted over the period from 1988 - 1996 and was temporarily sponsored by the Federal Ministry for Research and Technology and the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg. Within the framework of this project, in addition to acting as general overall manager the author was responsible for economic and social questions with especial emphasis being placed on aspects relating to labour science. This paper presents the development project as an example of the use of innovative procedures in the field of labour science in a real economic-technical area of activity. Both the procedure for developing and evaluating a technological and l labour-organisational solution intended for implementation by the economic actors involved and the method of presentation in this paper are characterised by the particular conditions imposed by the fact that all the specialists in the fields of labour science, microeconomics and engineering were given equal status with the aim of achieving a joint project objective. Hitherto, container handling has been ignored by the social sciences; to this extent the work was pioneering in its nature. As far as we know, there are no ergonomic studies available on this field. The area of container lashing is therefore presented in a relatively comprehensive way from various specialist viewpoints, supported by multimedia elements. In order to obtain design criteria for a new lashing system, first of all a detailed ergonomic record of the actual situation in container lashing was made, particular importance being attached to the participation of the lashers themselves in determining the specific problem areas of their work and in drawing up the target criteria. A lashing system was developed which fulfils the following criteria, among others: improvement of the work processes flexibility of container lashing increase in system safety simplification of container handling reduction of handling costs increase in productivity The VACU-Lashing-System comprises technological and organisational solutions which are suitable for container handling on container ships of all standard sizes and can in principle be used on all container terminals world-wide. The individual system solutions were subjected to a comprehensive technical, microeconomic and ergonomic evaluation. The Hamburg Solution developed was tested on a container vessel on a Mediterranean voyage as well as on several European container terminals, with the involvement of the lashers. The lashing solutions have been modified in line with the results of the evaluation, particular attention being devoted to the experience gained by the lashers, and then developed to the point of readiness for marketing. The evaluation showed that the new lashing system is technically feasible, leads to improvements in the working conditions of the seamen and lashers, ensures the security of the cargo, makes it possible to increase the capacity of container ships and improves handling speed. The extended calculation of economic efficiency showed that taking all economic, technical and ergonomic criteria into account, the introduction of VACU-Lashing-Solutions is realistic, makes a real difference and is to be recommended.

In the beginnings, Protestant theology was very hostile to all kinds of metaphysics. Theology and Aristotelian philosophy excluded themselves each other. During the later 16th and the early 17th century the attitude towards philosophy and even metaphysics changed. It appeared impossible to teach theology without discussing metaphysical questions. Thus Aristotelian metaphysics returned to the protestant universities and colleges. At the little university of Duisburg Johannes Clauberg, under the influence of Nederland cartesianism and covenant theology, started an new philosophical approach to theology which fitted in very well with the tolerant church regiment of prince of this region, the duke Elector of Brandenburg.

Algal alginates are of great importance for industrial applications. Since their properties depend on the kind of algae and the time of harvesting, supply problems caused price fluctuations. Hence, current research focuses on alternative alginate sources. Back in the 60s, exopolysaccharides similar to algal alginates were found. They were produced by mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains which embed themselves in a slime matrix containing bacterial alginates. The focus of this thesis was a comparisons of the physico-chemical properties of bacterial and algal alginates. The main results of the performed investigations are as follows: a) both substances aggregate in highly diluted solutions, b) bacterial alginates have a bigger molar mass than algal alginates, c) their mean squared radii of gyration are bigger than those of algal alginates, d) the second osmotic virial coefficients of these systems are negative and temperature dependent, e) acetylation of alginates support the aggregation, f) bacterial alginate do not gel analog to the egg box mechanism.