This study explores therapists' spiritual experience, personally and within the therapeutic relationship. It focuses on the lived experience of therapists and the different meanings made of what is experienced. The purpose of this research is to bring into the light spiritual experiences of therapists and how they are experienced in the therapeutic process. It contributes to current debate about spiritual experience in the day- to- day practice of psychotherapy. The methodology of phenomenological hermeneutics is chosen as it provides the means to study therapists' lived experience. The study is guided by the philosophical thinking of Heidegger, Gadamer and Van Manen.The findings of this study reveal different types of spiritual experience. These include non-ordinary states of consciousness where there is a feeling sense of being beyond the boundaries of linear time and space. Experiences involve noticing subtle body feelings before they manifest in everyday consciousness. They include hearing and seeing phenomena that may normally be overlooked or disavowed in psychotherapy. The findings show therapists' ability to notice, explore and utilize subtle body phenomena was a combination of their own capabilities, their spiritual practice, and years of experience as therapists. The therapist's body appeared to be like a doorway into experiences that had transformative effects on both therapists and clients. The meanings made of experiences reflected therapists' spiritual and cultural beliefs. These beliefs meant that therapists are attuned to something bigger than everyday identity that gave meaning and purpose to the work and was a rich source of wisdom and guidance, comfort and a sense of being held in the work. Specific attitudes and qualities of presence are revealed that reflect therapists' spiritual beliefs. Participants described experiences that emerged out of the context of the therapeutic relationship but could not be explained clinically. The findings show therapists' world views, their spiritual and cultural beliefs and capacity to experience the unknown, bring a richness and diversity of meanings to the therapeutic relationship that includes the wider contexts of culture and the environment. This study explores current thinking about spiritual experience in psychotherapy and its effects on the therapist. It raises issues for further discussion relating to the role of therapists' spiritual experience in contemporary psychotherapy.

This study explores therapists' spiritual experience, personally and within the therapeutic relationship. It focuses on the lived experience of therapists and the different meanings made of what is experienced. The purpose of this research is to bring into the light spiritual experiences of therapists and how they are experienced in the therapeutic process. It contributes to current debate about spiritual experience in the day- to- day practice of psychotherapy. The methodology of phenomenological hermeneutics is chosen as it provides the means to study therapists' lived experience. The study is guided by the philosophical thinking of Heidegger, Gadamer and Van Manen.The findings of this study reveal different types of spiritual experience. These include non-ordinary states of consciousness where there is a feeling sense of being beyond the boundaries of linear time and space. Experiences involve noticing subtle body feelings before they manifest in everyday consciousness. They include hearing and seeing phenomena that may normally be overlooked or disavowed in psychotherapy. The findings show therapists' ability to notice, explore and utilize subtle body phenomena was a combination of their own capabilities, their spiritual practice, and years of experience as therapists. The therapist's body appeared to be like a doorway into experiences that had transformative effects on both therapists and clients. The meanings made of experiences reflected therapists' spiritual and cultural beliefs. These beliefs meant that therapists are attuned to something bigger than everyday identity that gave meaning and purpose to the work and was a rich source of wisdom and guidance, comfort and a sense of being held in the work. Specific attitudes and qualities of presence are revealed that reflect therapists' spiritual beliefs. Participants described experiences that emerged out of the context of the therapeutic relationship but could not be explained clinically. The findings show therapists' world views, their spiritual and cultural beliefs and capacity to experience the unknown, bring a richness and diversity of meanings to the therapeutic relationship that includes the wider contexts of culture and the environment. This study explores current thinking about spiritual experience in psychotherapy and its effects on the therapist. It raises issues for further discussion relating to the role of therapists' spiritual experience in contemporary psychotherapy.

This critical hermeneutic study explored what it is like to re-enter the workforce following long-term forensic hospitalisation. An in-depth analysis of the phenomenon was completed, with the aim of evoking insights and developing understandings about the lived return-to-work experience. As this research was situated within the critical paradigm, the process of seeking, securing and sustaining employment was viewed in terms of power relationships, and through the multiple positionings of psychiatric disability, employment status and social capital.An unstructured interview process was used to explore the return-to-work experiences of eight purposefully selected informants with a history of mental illness and prior illness-related offending. They were living in the community and had returned to part or full-time employment, which they had sustained for at least six months. The gathered data was interpreted using hermeneutic analysis. This process revealed a number of themes, which were clustered into related groups, under eleven essential overarching themes. Freire's (1972) critical social theory was used to add critical depth to the findings.The findings reveal that returning to work exposes people who are affected by mental illness to an array of challenges and personal opportunities. People who have a forensic psychiatric history can encounter complex employment barriers related to stigma and misunderstanding. Therefore, the selected critical hermeneutic design provided a congruent framework with which to view the informants' quest to seek, secure and sustain employment. Despite significant obstacles, securing employment provides opportunities for individuals to test their skills while engaged in meaningful work activity. The acquisition of work skills can result in individuals' experiencing a strong sense of self-satisfaction. The experience of being bolstered by personal accomplishment often co-exists with, but is not necessarily negated by, difficulties that arise on-the-job.As there is scant reference to forensic rehabilitation within the mental health vocational literature, this study may be a timely contribution. It may also be used to add depth to the knowledge base within the field of mental health rehabilitation, in particular the specialised areas of forensic rehabilitation and vocational practise. Therefore, it may be a positive precursor to further discussion and analysis regarding work and education outcomes from the unique forensic psychiatric perspective.

This critical hermeneutic study explored what it is like to re-enter the workforce following long-term forensic hospitalisation. An in-depth analysis of the phenomenon was completed, with the aim of evoking insights and developing understandings about the lived return-to-work experience. As this research was situated within the critical paradigm, the process of seeking, securing and sustaining employment was viewed in terms of power relationships, and through the multiple positionings of psychiatric disability, employment status and social capital.An unstructured interview process was used to explore the return-to-work experiences of eight purposefully selected informants with a history of mental illness and prior illness-related offending. They were living in the community and had returned to part or full-time employment, which they had sustained for at least six months. The gathered data was interpreted using hermeneutic analysis. This process revealed a number of themes, which were clustered into related groups, under eleven essential overarching themes. Freire's (1972) critical social theory was used to add critical depth to the findings.The findings reveal that returning to work exposes people who are affected by mental illness to an array of challenges and personal opportunities. People who have a forensic psychiatric history can encounter complex employment barriers related to stigma and misunderstanding. Therefore, the selected critical hermeneutic design provided a congruent framework with which to view the informants' quest to seek, secure and sustain employment. Despite significant obstacles, securing employment provides opportunities for individuals to test their skills while engaged in meaningful work activity. The acquisition of work skills can result in individuals' experiencing a strong sense of self-satisfaction. The experience of being bolstered by personal accomplishment often co-exists with, but is not necessarily negated by, difficulties that arise on-the-job.As there is scant reference to forensic rehabilitation within the mental health vocational literature, this study may be a timely contribution. It may also be used to add depth to the knowledge base within the field of mental health rehabilitation, in particular the specialised areas of forensic rehabilitation and vocational practise. Therefore, it may be a positive precursor to further discussion and analysis regarding work and education outcomes from the unique forensic psychiatric perspective.

Masters thesis "Analysis of perception of gender roles" describes opinions of current society on status of men and women. The objective of the diploma thesis is to gain information about how people perceive gender roles and gender stereotypes. It is very important to discover whether today society still follow gender stereotypes. The theoretical part focuses on description of gender history from period of industry revolution to the present. Furthermore, it defines and deeply describes gender roles and stereotypes and indicates results of several researches that focused on gender issue. The empirical part analyses results of questionnaire survey which was discovering perception of gender roles on a conscious level of human. Second part of the empirical analysis, unstructured interviews and projective techniques, such as test of unfinished sentences and implicit association test, which examined perspectives on this issue in relation to subconsciousness. The conclusion evaluates and compares results of each method used in this paper and deduces verdicts specifically attitudes of current society.

Barnhälsovårdssjuksköterskornas uppgift är att arbeta för att främja barns hälsa och utveckling. De ska identifiera och initiera lämpliga åtgärder vid problem i barns hälsa och utveckling. I deras uppdrag ingår även att vara ett stöd för barnet och föräldrarna. När Covid-19 pandemin spreds påverkades hela världens befolkning och även hälso- och sjukvården berördes av den uppkomna situationen. Syftet med studien var att beskriva barnhälsovårdssjuksköterskornas erfarenheter av att ge barn och deras föräldrar stöd under Covid-19 pandemin. En kvalitativ metod med en fenomenologisks ansats användes. Öppna intervjuer tillämpades för att besvara studiens syfte. Vid analysen av intervjuerna användes en kvalitativ beskrivande innebördsanalys. Resultatet visade att essensen av fenomenet som undersöktes var att förmågan att bibehålla stödet gav nöjdhet. Essensen av fenomenet byggs upp av två innebördsteman, Betydelsen av att vara flexibla och Möta ett behov av ökat stöd. Slutsatsen är att det är nödvändigt att vara flexibel vid en pandemi och att stöd behöver utökas och kunna ges i olika former till barn och föräldrar. / The task for specialist nurses in health care service for children is to promote children´s health and development. They must identify and initiate appropriate interventions when there is problem in children's health and development. Their mission also includes being a support for the child and the parents. When Covid-19 pandemic spreads, the entire world's population was effected and health care was also effected of the upcoming situation. The purpose of the study was to describe the child health care nurse's experiences of providing support to children and their parents during the Covid-19 pandemic. A qualitative method with a phenomenological approach was used. Open interviews were applied to preserve the purpose of the study. In the analysis of the interviews, a qualitative descriptive meaning analysis was used. The results showed that the essence of the phenomenon of study was that the ability to maintain support provided satisfaction. The essence of the phenomenon is built up by two main themes, The importance of being flexible and Meeting a need for increased support. The conclusion is that it is necessary to be flexible in the event of a pandemic and that support needs to be expanded and given in various forms to children and parents.

The main aim of this study was to explore the difficulties and limitations preventing social workers from empowering siblings of Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) children. Specific attention was given to social workers in the London Borough of Greenwich, United Kingdom and siblings who were in their middle childhood phase of development. Qualitative, applied research of an explorative and descriptive nature was followed. For the purpose of this study, the researcher conducted unstructured in-depth interviews with social workers and the siblings. Six social workers and four siblings were interviewed for this research study. Themes and categories were developed out of data from the unstructured interviews to which the researcher compared and verified it with already existing literature. Conclusions were drawn and recommendations were made from this research study. / Social Work / M.Diac. (Play Therapy)

In modern South African society, many women have overcome traditional notions of gender by becoming breadwinners in their homes and providing primary financial support for their families. Employing a Phenomenological Feminist viewpoint, this dissertation contextualises the meaning that South African female breadwinners (FBW) ascribe to their experiences within their lived environment, utilising data collected from in-depth, unstructured interviews with FBW from the Mpumalanga and Gauteng provinces. While taking into consideration their intersectional experiences of gender, race, as well as cultural and traditional societal pressures, this study represents these womens’ voices in order to understand how they make meaning of and negotiate their spaces and roles as breadwinners. In the course of interviews and analysis, the realities faced by FBW revealed experiences, individual and communal, shared and unique, which expose archaic divisions of gender within our society, which have been hiding behind constructions of reform advocating equality among the sexes. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

In modern South African society, many women have overcome traditional notions of gender by becoming breadwinners in their homes and providing primary financial support for their families. Employing a Phenomenological Feminist viewpoint, this dissertation contextualises the meaning that South African female breadwinners (FBW) ascribe to their experiences within their lived environment, utilising data collected from in-depth, unstructured interviews with FBW from the Mpumalanga and Gauteng provinces. While taking into consideration their intersectional experiences of gender, race, as well as cultural and traditional societal pressures, this study represents these womens’ voices in order to understand how they make meaning of and negotiate their spaces and roles as breadwinners. In the course of interviews and analysis, the realities faced by FBW revealed experiences, individual and communal, shared and unique, which expose archaic divisions of gender within our society, which have been hiding behind constructions of reform advocating equality among the sexes. / Psychology / M. A. (Psychology)

The main aim of this study was to explore the difficulties and limitations preventing social workers from empowering siblings of Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) children. Specific attention was given to social workers in the London Borough of Greenwich, United Kingdom and siblings who were in their middle childhood phase of development. Qualitative, applied research of an explorative and descriptive nature was followed. For the purpose of this study, the researcher conducted unstructured in-depth interviews with social workers and the siblings. Six social workers and four siblings were interviewed for this research study. Themes and categories were developed out of data from the unstructured interviews to which the researcher compared and verified it with already existing literature. Conclusions were drawn and recommendations were made from this research study. / Social Work / M.Diac. (Play Therapy)