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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Emerging Planning Practices Among Urban Grassroots in Zambia: Insurgent planning or Co-production

Velychko, Olena January 2013 (has links)
This thesis seeks to understand collective practices of urban grassroots, rationalities behind the practices and their potential role in urban politics. The study used insurgent planning and co-production frameworks to highlight practices of the studied organization and adopted theories about relationship between the local and the global. The thesis addressed questions about collective practices for building self-reliance, practices that aim to directly engage the state and how being part of an international network of slum dwellers shapes the collective practices of the local organization. The research is based upon a case study of Zambian Homeless and Poor People’s Federation. The empirical data was collected during two months of fieldwork in Zambia using observations and semi-structured interviews. The results indicate that the studied organization uses elements of both insurgent planning and co-production in its practices. The federation starts with self-help and building financial assets to continue with practices aimed at engaging the state. The results suggest that, as an affiliate of an international network, the federation is influenced by the flow of ideas in the network and that the international cooperation has potential implications for the local urban politics.
2

The Right to the City from a Local to a Global Perspective : The Case of Street Vendor and Marketer Organizations in Urban Areas in the Copperbelt, Zambia

Jongh, Lennert January 2013 (has links)
The aim of this thesis is to investigate the workings of multi-scalar networks that connect informal economy organizations that are active locally, nationally and internationally. The study adopts a „right to the city‟ framework wherein the relation between the local and the global is discussed. The main questions that were addressed in the research were (I) how do local, national and global networks among street vendorsand marketers and their organizations shape the resistances of street vendors andmarketers and (II) how do local, national and international networks amongorganizations that work for street vendors and marketers contribute to street vendors‟ and marketers‟ claims to the rights to the city. Qualitative interviews were conducted with street and market vendors operating from urban areas in the Zambian Copperbelt as well as with organizations dealing with market and street vendors in the samegeographical area. Results showed that networks operating on different geographical scales served the street and market vendors as well as their organizations different purposes. Findings are related to the relative importance of the global for the local as well as contemporary theories of democracy and citizenship.
3

The Applicability of Western Urban Theories to African Cities: A Case Study of Lagos, Nigeria

Sijuwade, Philip Oyebowale 12 1900 (has links)
The purpose of this study is to determine the applicability of western urban theories to African cities, especially to Lagos, Nigeria. The study surveys urban land use patterns, migration and migrants' adjustment in cities, social relationships in cities, and urban stratification. The investigation's thesis is that western urban theories in these four areas of urban ecology may not be entirely applicable to the study of African cities. Theories of land use patterns are discussed from the classical and the cultural, or voluntaristic, viewpoints; and the other three areas are examined from the perspective of broad western urban theories.
4

Changements démographiques et inégalités éducatives à Ouagadougou

Lachaud, James 08 1900 (has links)
Depuis plusieurs décennies, des études empiriques réalisées sur plusieurs pays développés ou en émergence ont montré que la baisse de la taille de la famille favorise l’investissement dans l’éducation des enfants, expliquant qu’un nombre élevé d’enfants a un effet d’amenuisement des ressources familiales. Les retombées positives de la baisse de la fécondité sur l’éducation sont largement étudiées et connues. En dépit des résultats controversés des premières études portant sur les pays de l’Afrique de l’Ouest, les récentes études empiriques tendent à confirmer l’effet positif de la baisse de la taille de la famille dans le contexte africain, du moins en milieu urbain. Par contre, jusqu’à présent, très peu d’études semblent intéressées à analyser la répartition de ces retombées entre les enfants, et encore moins à comprendre comment ces dernières affecteraient la structure des inégalités éducatives existantes. Notre étude s’intéresse à explorer la potentielle dimension démographique des inégalités socioéconomiques, notamment les inégalités éducatives dans le contexte de la baisse de la fécondité. Elle vise à apporter des évidences empiriques sur le lien entre la réduction de la taille de la famille et les inégalités éducatives au sein des ménages dans le contexte d’Ouagadougou, Capitale du Burkina Faso, qui connait depuis quelques décennies la chute de la fécondité. Elle analyse aussi l’effet de cette réduction sur la transmission intergénérationnelle des désavantages éducatifs. Pour ce faire, nous proposons un cadre conceptuel pour comprendre les mécanismes par lesquels la relation entre la réduction de la taille de la famille et les inégalités éducatives se tisse. Ce cadre conceptuel s’appuie sur une recension des écrits de divers auteurs à ce sujet. Par la suite, nous procédons à des analyses empiriques permettant de tester ces liens en utilisant les données du projet Demtrend collectées. Les résultats empiriques sont présentés sous forme d’articles scientifiques. Les conclusions du premier article indiquent que la relation entre le nombre d’enfants de la famille et l’éducation varie selon le contexte socioéconomique. En effet, pour les générations qui ont grandi dans un contexte socioéconomique colonial et postcolonial, où le mode de production était essentiellement agricole et l’éducation formelle n’était pas encore valorisée sur le marché du travail, la relation est très faible et positive. Par contre, pour les récentes générations, nous avons observé que la relation devient négative et fortement significative. De plus, les résultats de cet article suggèrent aussi que la famille d’origine des femmes a une incidence significative sur leur comportement de fécondité. Les femmes dont la mère avait un niveau de scolarité élevé (et étaient de statut socioéconomique aisé) ont moins d’enfants comparativement à celles dont leurs parents avaient un faible niveau de scolarité (et pauvres). En retour, leurs enfants sont aussi les plus éduqués. Ce qui sous-tend à un éventuel effet de levier de la réduction de la taille de la famille dans le processus de transmission intergénérationnelle des désavantages éducatifs. Le second article fait une comparaison entre les ménages de grande taille et ceux de petite taille en matière d’inégalités éducatives entre les enfants au sein des ménages familiaux, en considérant le sexe, l’ordre de naissance et les termes d’interaction entre ces deux variables. Les résultats de cet article montrent que généralement les enfants des familles de petite taille sont plus scolarisés et atteignent un niveau d’éducation plus élevé que ceux des grandes familles. Toutefois, les filles ainées des petites familles s’avèrent moins éduquées que leurs pairs. Ce déficit persiste après avoir considéré seulement les ménages familiaux monogames ou encore après le contrôle de la composition de la fratrie. L’émancipation des femmes sur le marché du travail résultant de la réduction de la taille de la famille et la faible contribution des pères dans les activités domestiques expliqueraient en partie cette situation. Malheureusement, nous n’avons pas pu contrôler l’activité économique des mères dans les analyses. Finalement, dans le cadre du troisième et dernier article, nous avons examiné l’effet d’avoir été confié par le passé sur les inégalités éducatives au sein de la fratrie, en comparant ceux qui ont été confiés aux autres membres de leur fratrie qui n’ont jamais été confiés. Dans cet article, nous avons considéré l’aspect hétérogène du confiage en le différenciant selon le sexe, la relation de la mère avec le chef du ménage d’accueil et l’âge auquel l’enfant a été confié. Les résultats montrent qu’avoir été confié dans le passé influence négativement le parcours scolaire des enfants. Cependant, cet effet négatif reste fort et significatif que pour les filles qui ont été confiées après leurs 10 ans d’âge. Un profil qui correspond à la demande de main-d’œuvre en milieu urbain pour l’accomplissement des tâches domestiques, surtout dans le contexte de la baisse de la taille de la famille et l’émancipation des femmes sur le marché du travail. / The relationship between the family size decline and children human’s capital investment has been well-studied for several decades. In most developed and emergent countries, several studies showed that the reduction in family size seems to increase the investment in the children’s education, arguing the dilution effect of each additional child on family resources. More recently, empirical studies shows this reduction tends also to improve substantially schooling levels in Sub-Saharan Countries, mostly in urban areas. Nevertheless, little is known about the distribution of these potential benefits neither how that may affect existing educational inequalities, particularly in the context of urban sub-Saharan Africa. Our study focuses on exploring the demographic dimension of educational inequalities in the context of Ouagadougou, Capital of Burkina Faso, where the fertility transition is actually ongoing. More precisely, this study seeks to understand the effect of reduction in family size on intra-family inequalities in education and secondly, on the reproduction of educational inequalities over time and generations. For that purpose, we developed on one hand a conceptual framework to understand the mechanism by which reduction in family could influence on education inequalities. Secondly, we have undertaken empirical analysis to test our hypotheses. The empirical results are presented in three scientific papers, which based on data from the Demographic Surveillance System and Health and Dentrend project. Findings from the first paper suggest that the relationship between the family size and education has shifted over time, according to the socioeconomic context. Indeed, the generations that are grown in a socioeconomic context where formal education was not valued in the labor market and the economic contributions of children were substantial as farm laborer, the relationship was very low, positive, and not statistically significant. By contrast, for recent generations, we observed that the relationship is negative and highly significant. In addition, the results of this paper also suggest that the family of origin impacts on the women’s reproductive behavior. Those whose original family was not poor and well-educated have smaller families. In turn, their children are also more educated. That suggests a potential leverage effect of the reduction in family size on the intergenerational transmission of socioeconomic disadvantages, particularly in terms of education. The second paper takes a look at intra-family inequalities in education in Ouagadougou. Do all the children in a family benefit equitably from the improved conditions brought about by limiting their number? The results suggest that generally smaller families allow more investment in children’s education. Nonetheless, oldest girls are less educated than their peers. The deficit remains even after considering only monogamous family households or after controlling the composition of the sibling. The absence of the mothers at home eased by the reduction in family size and the men’s failure to share household chores could explain this situation. Unfortunately, we were unable to control for economic activity of mothers. Finally, in the last paper, we evaluated the net impact of having been fostered in the past on the education of young adolescents (16-20 years old), comparing those who have been fostered to their sibling who has never been fostered. In this article, contrary to previous studies, we have considered the heterogeneous aspect of fostering by differentiating by sex, the mother's relationship with the host household and the age at the time of fostering. The results show a negative impact of child fostering on education, even after controlling for the endogeneity problem. However, this negative effect is greater on girls. The life’s conditions of fostered girls in host household could explain this differential effect. Finally, in the third and final article, we examined the effect of having been entrusted the education of children, comparing those who have been entrusted to other members of their siblings who have never been entrusted. In this article, contrary to previous studies, we have considered the heterogeneous aspect of fostering by differentiating by sex, the mother's relationship with the host and the ages at which the child has been entrusted. The results show that having been given in the past adversely affects the schooling of children. However, after considering some interacting variables, this negative effect remains strong and significant only for adolescent girls. These girls seem to fit the profile of additional hands for household chores, which are needed due the demographic deficits consequent to the reduction in family size in urban areas.

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