The economic and political restructuring of the 1980s whose main aim was to integrate Turkey to the global economic network via constructing &ldquo / global cities&rdquo / initiated not only new architectural programs such as grand shopping malls, office towers, world trade centers, five-star hotels but also new housing patterns all of which played an important role in shaping the urban character. As a result of these new architectural programs Ankara&rsquo / s urban landscape has been reterritorialized according to the logic of capital. The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of the emerging residential programs on Ankara&rsquo / s urban transformation since 2000. Specifically, this research critically concentrates on the process of transformation of a low rise-low density residential area into a high rise-high density residence through construction, deconstruction, and reconstruction of the same site initiating a &ldquo / re-scaled&rdquo / urban landscape. With this respect, this study endeavours to deal with the case of destructing the TBMM Milletvekili Lojmanlari for constructing Park Oran Konutlari.

This thesis on one of the most significant productions of the Early Republican Period, reveals the values of the urban park / namely Gen&ccedil / lik Parki, and analyzes its disintegration process with changing decades and conditions. There are several discourses, which are practiced in Gen&ccedil / lik Parki, are found valuable / therefore, it is considered to be preserved. These discourses may be considered as / Gen&ccedil / lik Parki consists the values of the Republican Period, it is the urban space for the cultural formation of the society, it is the historical stage for the social and historic events in Ankara, it is one of the green zones within the growing city. On the other hand, the architectural, namely the objective values of the park are not considered within these discourses. In this sense, the main concern of the thesis will be to read the drastic change in the treatment of the values of Gen&ccedil / lik Parki after its foundation through successive decades of different administration and usage to the current situation. The values pertaining to the modern monument will be envisaged in the terminology of Alois Riegl, who has put forth his views in the late 19th century. In other words, our concern is to examine the urban artifact which is one of the most significant productions of the Republican Period, and to explore the values, and analyze its disintegration process with changing decades and conditions. Moreover, this thesis searches an answer to the question, Do we really know Gen&ccedil / lik Parki?

The term &ldquo / urban architecture&rdquo / has different meanings and is open to many interpretations. This thesis aims to highlight and further elaborate some definitions of &ldquo / urban architecture&rdquo / in which it is mainly characterized as architecture in the urban context. The Second Volume of Harvard Architecture Review on &ldquo / Urban Architecture&rdquo / is referred as a main source in discussing the content of the term. The concept of &ldquo / urban architecture&rdquo / can be identified in several theoretical contributions to the field of architecture. In this context, the themes &ldquo / urban artifact&rdquo / developed by Aldo Rossi and &ldquo / urbatecture&rdquo / developed by Bruno Zevi, are discussed in relation to &ldquo / urban architecture&rdquo / . In order to further clarify the concept, its relation to the fields of urban design, urbanism, and landscape urbanism is investigated. While it is distinguished from these fields, &ldquo / urban architecture&rdquo / is defined as an alternative architectural design approach and not as a new field. As an approach to architectural design that operates in an expanded field including landscape design and urbanism, &ldquo / urban architecture&rdquo / points to some strategies that allow to integrate works of architecture into their urban settings. Following this conceptual elaboration, the thesis aims at exploring the design strategies that characterize urban architecture. In this context, strategies related with landscape, infrastructure, and urban field are identified. The strategies based on these themes and their tools of operation are discussed through three case studies that cover Olympic Sculpture Park for the Seattle Art Museum, Kunsthal, and Borneo and Sporenburg.

A presente dissertação consta de uma exploração teórica e empírica sobre o conceito de qualidade espacial aplicado à cidade de Porto Alegre através do estudo da evolução da sua legislação urbanística. O tema tem justificativa no contexto de crise no qual se encontra a cidade atual, onde os espaços públicos são ocupados em sua maior parte por automóveis em detrimento das atividades de interação social, que acabam se voltando para os espaços privados. Tendo em conta esse cenário de fragmentação, tanto do ponto de vista da composição do espaço quanto do ponto de vista social, este estudo proporciona uma reflexão sobre a qualidade espacial da cidade, tendo como hipótese de trabalho a suposta interferência que a legislação urbana teria em sua evolução. Buscando argumentar em torno dessa questão, essa dissertação se propõe a investigar os conceitos e fatos que levaram à elaboração do conjunto de leis urbanísticas da cidade de Porto Alegre, revisando o panorama sociopolítico e espacial que lhes deu origem. A aplicação das normativas sugeridas como responsáveis por transformações na arquitetura de Porto Alegre serão, ao final, exercitadas na comparação de duas áreas da cidade decorrentes de contextos normativos distintos. / This masters dissertation consists of a theoretical and empirical exploration of the concept of spatial quality applied to the city of Porto Alegre by studying the evolution of its urban legislation. The theme is justified in the context of crisis in which is the current city where public spaces are occupied mostly by car to the detriment of social interaction activities, which end up turning to private spaces. In view of that fragmentation scenario, both from the point of view of the composition of space and the social point of view, this study provides a reflection on the spatial quality of the city, and as a working hypothesis the alleged interference that urban legislation would have on its evolution. Seeking argue around this issue, this dissertation aims to investigate the concepts and facts that led to the drafting of the set of urban laws in the city of Porto Alegre, reviewing the sociopolitical and spatial landscape that gave rise to them. The application of the regulations suggested as responsible for changes in Porto Alegre architecture will be at the end, exercised in comparing the two areas of the city resulting to different regulatory contexts.

A presente dissertação consta de uma exploração teórica e empírica sobre o conceito de qualidade espacial aplicado à cidade de Porto Alegre através do estudo da evolução da sua legislação urbanística. O tema tem justificativa no contexto de crise no qual se encontra a cidade atual, onde os espaços públicos são ocupados em sua maior parte por automóveis em detrimento das atividades de interação social, que acabam se voltando para os espaços privados. Tendo em conta esse cenário de fragmentação, tanto do ponto de vista da composição do espaço quanto do ponto de vista social, este estudo proporciona uma reflexão sobre a qualidade espacial da cidade, tendo como hipótese de trabalho a suposta interferência que a legislação urbana teria em sua evolução. Buscando argumentar em torno dessa questão, essa dissertação se propõe a investigar os conceitos e fatos que levaram à elaboração do conjunto de leis urbanísticas da cidade de Porto Alegre, revisando o panorama sociopolítico e espacial que lhes deu origem. A aplicação das normativas sugeridas como responsáveis por transformações na arquitetura de Porto Alegre serão, ao final, exercitadas na comparação de duas áreas da cidade decorrentes de contextos normativos distintos. / This masters dissertation consists of a theoretical and empirical exploration of the concept of spatial quality applied to the city of Porto Alegre by studying the evolution of its urban legislation. The theme is justified in the context of crisis in which is the current city where public spaces are occupied mostly by car to the detriment of social interaction activities, which end up turning to private spaces. In view of that fragmentation scenario, both from the point of view of the composition of space and the social point of view, this study provides a reflection on the spatial quality of the city, and as a working hypothesis the alleged interference that urban legislation would have on its evolution. Seeking argue around this issue, this dissertation aims to investigate the concepts and facts that led to the drafting of the set of urban laws in the city of Porto Alegre, reviewing the sociopolitical and spatial landscape that gave rise to them. The application of the regulations suggested as responsible for changes in Porto Alegre architecture will be at the end, exercised in comparing the two areas of the city resulting to different regulatory contexts.

This thesis seeks to explore the potential of existing built fabric to change in order to meet the needs of its users. Central to this is the realisation that cities are highly dynamic environments. Momentarily appropriate, static solutions are not acceptable.This means not only adapting an existing building to fit a particular need at a particular time, but to ensure that it lends itself to future change. The building chosen for this study is the NZASM building, currently owned by Transnet, on the corner of Paul Kruger and Minnaar Streets. It was completed in 1963 on the property of the old NZASM headquarters and now serves mainly to house offices for Transnet. The building was between sixty and seventy percent occupied at the time of writing this thesis. The client is a fictional coalition of NGOs. The desired program is what will be referred to as an NGO Hub. The NGO Hub is a shared office and public interface facility. The intent is that these NGOs share resources and act within their specialties to support one another on collaborative projects. They must also be free to pursue their own projects and retain individual identity. At the same time, members of the public have a central location to visit where they can find information and the NGO best capable of serving their needs. This will lead to a far more efficient operational model for these organisations. The thesis also assumes that a scheme by Mary-Anne Da Costa, Surfaces and Services - A Public Space for Communication, Information + Discussion (2007), for Pretorius Square is feasible and that the two projects will occur simultaneously. The programmatic aim is to create a true civic square in Pretoria that will also serve as an example to other cities. This thesis will also work towards generating and reinforcing identity within the city. The reason for doing so is that we orientate ourselves by our environment. The clearer our idea of what a building/district/city is, the clearer our perception of what our relationship to it is and the better oriented we feel. / Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Architecture / unrestricted

With the growing role of cities, rapid urbanization, transformation under shifting economic, environmental, social and demographic conditions, the purpose of architecture is changing too. The legacy of the modernist decades left a broken urban fabric of isolated buildings from the urban landscapes of streets, plots, and blocks. In its aftermath, professionals sought to revive the traditional city fabric starting from the block, as the basic element. Although recent developments produce blocks, the livability of streets and other public spaces remains questionable. With a newfound focus into the block, as the fundamental structural element in planning, architectural typologies become the starting point to translate the qualities of urban life. The relationship between two scales, the urban and the architectural, will be examined in this thesis. Architectural elements and typologies have the ability to enhance public life, fostering positive social relations through meaningful design. The following research will explore architecture in Stockholm from the scale of an urban block, to the building typologies, and finally to the modest details within a single building. The fundamental idea is to extract building types and architectural elements that have an impact on the daily life of individuals in the city of Stockholm.

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Notorious influence is given to the reading of the urban space, a language complex that forms the image in its poetry through the subjectivity of individually learned art, from sensorial stimuli acquired in this atmosphere. Color, as the support of a formed image, and of the art expression and architecture, becomes the scope of this study, always connected to its revealing element: light. This interdependency relationship between color and light calls for an integrated study of both factors. This form of energy called light, when distributed in its tonal radiations, assumes different meanings, according to different historical, cultural, traditional or even religious backgrounds. The approach to applied color emphasizes that the chromatic result of a landscape comes from further than reason or physical aspects of color, and is also a product of variables, such as the nature of light, the visual system and emotional sense of each one. On site investigation aims to establish a relation between image typology and applied color. A reflection on perception of the atmosphere and resultant interpretations of this process, either real or mental presented through memory fosters the study of this phenomena that makes each place incorporate and identify, along with times, new thoughts. Thoughts that rise as answers to the re-creation of the captured image. Meaningful sections of the district were attentiously covered, in search of a photographic memory that would reveal a bit of this chromatic and artistic experience called Vila Madalena. And finally, quantification and qualification of studied color combinations that were the basis to build chromati Index-palettes, scientifically based on the Munsell System for color identification. / Este é um trabalho de investigação do uso das cores na arquitetura e na cidade e tem como recorte espacial o bairro paulistano de Vila Madalena devido à riqueza cromática da região. É notória a ênfase dada à leitura do espaço urbano, um complexo de linguagens que constitui a imagem pela sua poética por meio da subjetividade da arte individualmente apreendida e interpretada a partir de estímulos sensoriais adquiridos no meio. A cor como suporte da imagem formada e da expressão da arte e da arquitetura torna-se o foco deste estudo, sempre associada ao seu elemento revelador: a luz. Essa relação de interdependência entre cor e luz torna imprescindível um estudo conjunto desses fatores. Essa energia chamada, luz ao distribuir-se em suas radiações tonais, ganha significados diversos provenientes de alguma bagagem histórica, cultural, de tradições ou mesmo religiosa. A abordagem de cor aplicada enfatiza que o resultado cromático de uma paisagem provém mais do que da razão ou dos atributos físicos da cor, é também produto de variáveis como a natureza da luz, o sistema visual e o emocional de cada um. A investigação do sítio visa estabelecer uma relação entre a tipologia da imagem e a cor aplicada. Uma reflexão sobre percepção do ambiente e as interpretações decorrentes deste processo, sejam estas do real ou do mental que se apresenta pela memória instiga ao estudo desse fenômeno que faz com que cada lugar incorpore e identifique, através dos tempos, novos pensamentos. Pensamentos estes que surgem como respostas ao processo de recriação da imagem captada. Trechos significativos do bairro foram atentamente percorridos em busca de um registro fotográfico que revelasse um pouco dessa experiência cromática e artística que é a Vila Madalena. E, finalmente, a quantificação e qualificação dos matizes levantados possibilitou a elaboração de paletas-sínteses cromáticas cientificamente embasadas no Sistema Munsell de anotação de cores.

La thèse porte sur le renouveau de la culture architecturale, intervenu grâce à l'action d'un milieu de jeunes architectes français dans les années 1960 et 1970 qui sont devenus les acteurs principaux des Unités Pédagogiques d'Architecture et en ont fait le lieu de la refondation de l'enseignement de l'architecture et de la naissance de la recherche architecturale. La recherche prend pour support principal d'analyse la revue Architecture Mouvement Continuité publiée entre 1969 et 1981 par la SADG. Si la période traitée correspond d'abord à la vie de la revue, elle se réfère aussi à une histoire plus générale de la société française et de l'architecture contemporaine en France dans une période de changements profonds. En effet, l'intérêt principal de la revue vient du fait que son histoire se soit nouée avec les réalités extérieures complexes. Au coeur de ce renouveau culture, il y a un regard sur l'objet architectural, voire une redéfinition de celui-ci étroitement liée à la construction de l'identité de ces jeunes architectes. Les épisodes constituant l'histoire d'AMC illustrent le projet de ses acteurs d'él argir la discipline architecturale, en donnant une autre légitimité au travail de l'architecte. Ce projet a été élaboré principalement par le biais de la recherche historique, et ce dans le rapport étroit de deux pôles qui paraissent a priori opposés : "connaissance" et "projet" dont le rapport mutuel et productif est fondamental dans ce renouveau culturel / The research aims to understand the renewal of architectural culture, which occurred through the action of a circle of young French architects of the 1960s and 1970s. They have become the key players in the foundation of the Unités Pédagogiques d'Architecture and made the place of remaking architectural education and the birth of architectural research. Our research takes, as the main support of study, the architectural review Architecture Mouvement Continuité published by the SADG between 1967 and 1981. If this period corresponds to the life of the magazine, it also refers to the broad history of society and the contemporary architecture in France in the period of profound changes. Indeed, the main interest of the magazine is that his story is tied with external realities complex. In the middle of this cultural renewal, there is a reconsideration of the architectural object, even a redefinition of it closely related to the construction of the identity of those young architects. The episodes constituting the history of AMC illustrate the project of his actors to broaden the architectural discipline, giving a new legitimacy to the work of architect. This redefinition was done through historical researches – a review of the “Modern movement”, the history of social housing and early-urbanism in France - , in the close relationship of two poles that seem a priori opposed : "knowledge" and "project", whose productive mutual relationship is fundamental to the understanding this cultural renewal