A critical evaluation of developmental local government in the City of Johannesburg, 2001-2005 is a qualitative analysis drawn from participation in setting, interviews and primary and secondary sources. It notes that the notion of developmental local government is drawn from a wide range of discourses such as developmentalism, decentralised local government, public management, governance, urban fragmentation and integration and sustainable development. The study takes the view that the notion of developmental local government would be more concisely conceptualised in terms of and as a confluence of the concepts of good governance, urban integration and sustainable development. These concepts are used to frame and critically analyse the practise of developmental local government in the City of Johannesburg between 2001-2005. The overall conclusion of the study is that the City of Johannesburg has embraced developmental local government between 2001-2005, albeit with some deficiencies, mainly relating to the gap between policy and implementation.

Em um contexto urbano de intensa desigualdade socioterritorial como é o da metrópole de São Paulo, e de tantas outras metrópoles brasileiras, o papel do profissional de arquitetura e urbanismo, deveria ser cada vez mais o de arquiteto urbanista social, reconhecendo as contradições da produção capitalista do espaço urbano e realizando uma leitura urbana associada a uma prática que, além de considerar as condições precárias a que esses territórios estão sujeitos, respeite as relações que se estabelecem entre o espaço e seus moradores. Buscando, então, discutir possibilidades de qualificação do tecido periférico, por meio de ações promovidas pelo poder público que visem a um urbanismo mais includente, foi definido enquanto objeto de pesquisa, a política de implantação dos Centros Educacionais Unificados, que aqui, são entendidos como uma possibilidade desse tipo de política urbana. Nesses termos, o trabalho contempla a proposta elaborada e a implantação dos CEUs, discute seu significado enquanto política urbana, traça um paralelo desse projeto com as propostas urbanísticas contidas nos Planos Diretores para a cidade e, por fim, analisa três casos, em que observa a condição desses equipamentos de correlacionar aspectos sociais e territoriais (uso cotidiano, participação da comunidade e articulação no território nos quais se inserem) para promoção de um urbanismo includente. O CEU é um elemento urbano que através de seu uso cotidiano e oferta de espaços qualificados e atividades diversas cria uma gama de oportunidades para seus usuários, construindo e fortalecendo cidadania e vida urbana. Se é importante a integração física e a infraestruturação desses tecidos urbanos, importa tanto quanto (ou ainda mais) desenvolver elementos que, ao reconhecer as potencialidades que esses territórios oferecem, fomentem cidadania e cidade em tecidos periféricos de grande carência urbana. É nesse sentido que os CEUs contribuem ao se firmarem como equipamento urbano de uso público na periferia. / In an urban context of intense socio-territorial inequality such as observed in the metropolis of São Paulo, and in so many other Brazilian metropolises, the role of architecture and urbanism professionals should increasingly be that of urban social architect, recognizing the contradictions of capitalist production of urban space and performing an urban reading associated with a practice that, in addition to considering the precarious conditions to which these territories are subject, respect the relations that are established between the space and its residents. Aiming at discussing possibilities of qualification of the peripheral fabrics, through actions promoted by the public power that aim at a more inclusive urbanism, was defined as research object, the policy of implantation of the Unified Educational Centers (CEU), which are understood here as a possibility of this type of urban policy. In these terms, the work contemplates the elaborated proposal and the implantation of CEUs, discusses their meaning as urban policy, draws a parallel of this project with the urbanistic proposals contained in the Master Plans for the city of Sao Paulo and, finally, analyzes three cases in which it observes the condition of these equipments to correlate social and territorial aspects (daily use, community participation and articulation in the territory) for the promotion of an inclusive urbanism. CEU is an urban element that through its daily use and offer of qualified spaces and diverse activities creates a range of opportunities for its users, building and strengthening citizenship and urban life. If the physical integration and infrastructure of these urban fabrics is important, it matters as much (or even more so) to develop elements that, by recognizing the potential that these territories offer, foster citizenship and city in peripheral fabrics of great urban need. It is in this sense that CEUs contribute to establishing themselves as urban equipment of public use in the periphery.

Em um contexto urbano de intensa desigualdade socioterritorial como é o da metrópole de São Paulo, e de tantas outras metrópoles brasileiras, o papel do profissional de arquitetura e urbanismo, deveria ser cada vez mais o de arquiteto urbanista social, reconhecendo as contradições da produção capitalista do espaço urbano e realizando uma leitura urbana associada a uma prática que, além de considerar as condições precárias a que esses territórios estão sujeitos, respeite as relações que se estabelecem entre o espaço e seus moradores. Buscando, então, discutir possibilidades de qualificação do tecido periférico, por meio de ações promovidas pelo poder público que visem a um urbanismo mais includente, foi definido enquanto objeto de pesquisa, a política de implantação dos Centros Educacionais Unificados, que aqui, são entendidos como uma possibilidade desse tipo de política urbana. Nesses termos, o trabalho contempla a proposta elaborada e a implantação dos CEUs, discute seu significado enquanto política urbana, traça um paralelo desse projeto com as propostas urbanísticas contidas nos Planos Diretores para a cidade e, por fim, analisa três casos, em que observa a condição desses equipamentos de correlacionar aspectos sociais e territoriais (uso cotidiano, participação da comunidade e articulação no território nos quais se inserem) para promoção de um urbanismo includente. O CEU é um elemento urbano que através de seu uso cotidiano e oferta de espaços qualificados e atividades diversas cria uma gama de oportunidades para seus usuários, construindo e fortalecendo cidadania e vida urbana. Se é importante a integração física e a infraestruturação desses tecidos urbanos, importa tanto quanto (ou ainda mais) desenvolver elementos que, ao reconhecer as potencialidades que esses territórios oferecem, fomentem cidadania e cidade em tecidos periféricos de grande carência urbana. É nesse sentido que os CEUs contribuem ao se firmarem como equipamento urbano de uso público na periferia. / In an urban context of intense socio-territorial inequality such as observed in the metropolis of São Paulo, and in so many other Brazilian metropolises, the role of architecture and urbanism professionals should increasingly be that of urban social architect, recognizing the contradictions of capitalist production of urban space and performing an urban reading associated with a practice that, in addition to considering the precarious conditions to which these territories are subject, respect the relations that are established between the space and its residents. Aiming at discussing possibilities of qualification of the peripheral fabrics, through actions promoted by the public power that aim at a more inclusive urbanism, was defined as research object, the policy of implantation of the Unified Educational Centers (CEU), which are understood here as a possibility of this type of urban policy. In these terms, the work contemplates the elaborated proposal and the implantation of CEUs, discusses their meaning as urban policy, draws a parallel of this project with the urbanistic proposals contained in the Master Plans for the city of Sao Paulo and, finally, analyzes three cases in which it observes the condition of these equipments to correlate social and territorial aspects (daily use, community participation and articulation in the territory) for the promotion of an inclusive urbanism. CEU is an urban element that through its daily use and offer of qualified spaces and diverse activities creates a range of opportunities for its users, building and strengthening citizenship and urban life. If the physical integration and infrastructure of these urban fabrics is important, it matters as much (or even more so) to develop elements that, by recognizing the potential that these territories offer, foster citizenship and city in peripheral fabrics of great urban need. It is in this sense that CEUs contribute to establishing themselves as urban equipment of public use in the periphery.

The aim in this study is to find the variables that caused differentiation in the urban integration levels of families who migrated from East and Southeast Anatolian Regions after the 1980&rsquo / s due to ethno-political reasons, forcedly. Thus, demographic, socioeconomic, socio-spatial, solidarity networks (social, political, organizational,) and criminal variables have been evaluated, to see whether they caused differentiation in the urban integration levels of forced migrants or not. A total number of 175 household heads, who have migrated to Mersin due to ethno-political reasons, have been interviewed. We found that the urban integration level of forced migrants differentiates according to their socioeconomic status in village and whether they commit crime or not. In conclusion, we presented a political plan shaped around these two variables.

In this thesis, it is aimed to investigate to what extent Bulgarian Turkish immigrants of 1989 and the following years, integrated to the urban life and to analyze the role of their social networks in this process. In this respect, demographic, socioeconomic variables and migration process, social networks and organized and political behaviour of the immigrants have been evaluated in a comparative perspective with Turkish rural migrants in order to understand their difference in urban integration levels. Economic, social and political levels of urban integration of immigrants have been analyzed and the findings of two different age-groups were compared on these levels to see the generational difference in urban intaegration A total of 140 members of the association &ldquo / Bulgaristan T&uuml / rkleri Deliorman K&uuml / lt&uuml / r Dernegi&rdquo / were interviewed in Yenibosna for this purpose. Contrary to assumptions, they couldn&rsquo / t easily integrate to the urban life in Turkey because they came from a country, which is different in ideological, economic, social and cultural aspects. The most important difference was political and ideological, since they were raised in a country, which was socialist in that period before immigration. They formed a strong community to cope with the difficulties in the new environment. Although they became successful in economic integration to a certain extent, they couldn&rsquo / t integrate socially and politically in the same way.

Yes / This paper looks into the issues around renewable energy with a view to identify the opportunities for Nigeria and critically review the nation’s renewable energy policy vis-`a-vis the efforts and achievement of governments and indigenous practitioners. It identified the inherent opportunities of renewable energy resources at ameliorating the incidents of climate change and global warming and also surveyed international statistics on the relationships between energy and renewable energy adoption, national development, population explosion, job creation and rural-urban integration. It found out that for Nigeria to sustain economic growth especially as it relates to agriculture and food security, renewable energy for power generation must be included in the nation’s rural development plan. It also demonstrated that renewable energy poses an opportunity for mitigating the nation’s contributions to anthropogenic climate change. / This work was supported by the British Academy Global Challenges Research Fund under Grant number GCRFNGR3\1541 and Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria.

No description available.

La expansión urbana y el crecimiento desordenado han afectado tanto el entorno natural como las actividades productivas es por ello que el estudio se enfoca en la integración del paisaje productivo y la zona norte de la ciudad de Lambayeque, en donde tiene como objetivo principal proponer un elemento articulador que integre el paisaje productivo y la zona norte de la ciudad. Se plantea determinar criterios de intervención arquitectónica basados en las teorías del paisaje productivo y las formas de ocupación de la zona. Además, se busca elaborar estrategias de integración que permitan una convivencia armoniosa entre los habitantes y el territorio y como parte de este enfoque, se propone diseñar un equipamiento arquitectónico en el paisaje productivo que contribuya al desarrollo de la zona, respetando su entorno natural y económico. Esta investigación tiene como métodos el análisis de teorías de paisajes productivos, además de un mapeo general de toda la ciudad enfocándose especialmente en la zona norte de la ciudad, desarrollando cartografías de análisis, visitas de campo y un catálogo de fotografías de la zona para poder plantear una adecuada metodología para el estudio del paisaje productivo de la zona de Lambayeque, obteniendo como resultados un análisis mediante la metodología planteada y propuestas de integración entre ciudad y campo que contribuya a una mejora en su desarrollo respetando el entorno que se habita. / Urban expansion and disorderly growth have affected both the natural environment and productive activities. That is why the study focuses on the integration of the productive landscape and the northern area of the city of Lambayeque, with the main objective of proposing a unifying element that integrates the productive landscape and the northern zone of the city. The goal is to establish criteria for architectural intervention based on theories of the productive landscape and the forms of occupation in the area. Additionally, the study aims to develop integration strategies that foster harmonious coexistence between inhabitants and the territory. As part of this approach, there is a proposal to design an architectural facility within the productive landscape that contributes to the development of the area while respecting its natural and economic environment. The research employs methods such as the analysis of productive landscape theories, a comprehensive mapping of the entire city with a specific focus on the northern area, the development of analysis cartography, field visits, and a catalog of photographs of the area. This is done to formulate an appropriate methodology for studying the productive landscape of the Lambayeque area. The results include an analysis using the proposed methodology and proposals for integration between the city and the countryside, aiming to enhance development while respecting the inhabited environment.

[pt] Esta pesquisa analisa a comunicação visual para orientação no espaço urbano da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro, seus emissores, veículos e receptores, com o propósito de avaliar a sua abrangência discursiva e especular sobre seu provável potencial de aproximação entre as áreas informais, ou de origem informal, e o conjunto da cidade, contribuindo para a declarada intenção da prefeitura de integrar todo o ambiente urbano. Retratando a realidade social e morfológica de cinco comunidades do bairro Maré, de origem informal, observa as atuações e omissões dos agentes oficiais responsáveis por esta comunicação no espaço público; identifica necessidades de mudanças de paradigma, adaptações ergonômicas e enunciativas, para que os sistemas de comunicação visual voltados para a orientação nos espaços de origem informal, adensados e orgânicos, possam se constituir em poderoso instrumento no fortalecimento da presença do poder público nestas áreas. / [en] This research investigates the visual communication for orientation in the urban spaces of the city of Rio de Janeiro, its emitters, media, and receptors, with the purpose of evaluating its discursive extension and to speculate on its probable approach potential among the informal (or of informal origin) areas, and the group of the city, contributing to the declared town hall intention of integrating the whole urban environment. Portraying the social and morphological reality of five informally originated communities of the district Maré, it observes the actions and omissions of the official agents responsible for this communication in the public space and it identifies needs of paradigm changes, and ergonomic and enunciative adaptations, so that the systems of visual communication for orientation in these places, dense and organic, could be a powerful instrument to strengthen the public power in these places.

A presente Dissertação é um estudo a respeito da problemática da utilização dos Sistemas de Aquecimento Solar Térmico para Aquecimento de Água com Coletores Planos em Circuito Direto, no crítico contexto da construção civil paulista para o ponto de vista da Arquitetura e do Urbanismo. Apesar do potencial solar do país e do padrão construtivo dos condomínios horizontais fechados da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP), ainda não há regulamentação do uso do aquecimento solar térmico em alguns de seus municípios-sede. Atualmente tem havido a adesão espontânea ao sistema por parte de moradores das residências desses condomínios, decorrente da busca da redução dos gastos e da crescente conscientização ambiental e divulgação da tecnologia. Porém, ainda há necessidade de uma relação mais sistêmica dos coletores solares com a totalidade dos requisitos da edificação e do meio urbano, mesmo em se tratando da legislação específica. Buscando uma constribuição, aqui se propõe um modelo de estudo dos coletores baseado em escalas construtivas que, juntamente com a compreensão multidimensional do assunto, desafiam a atual dicotomia entre as ferramentas de qualidade e a sustentabilidade do ambiente construído. / The present work studies the problematic of using Solar Hot Water Systems by Direct Circuit, among the critics characteristics of civil construction in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. The point of view is of Architecture and Urban Planning. In spite of the high Brazilian levels of solar irradiation and the constructive pattern of horizontal closed condominiums of the metropolitan region of São Paulo (Brazil), which possess a large concentration of high incoming households, use of solar water heating is still not regulated in some of its comprising municipalities. Nowadays, the search for savings, diffusion of related technologies and raising environmental awareness have led to voluntary uptaking of such systems. Yet, regulation of solar collectors still lacks relating to certification of sustainable building practices, which does not relate to architectonic factors, in particular to main urbanistic features present in each given installation site. This work proposes an architectonic scale based model of studying it in order to pursuit the end of dichotomy between quality and sustainability.