La nuit ainsi que la favela sont des termes chargés d’ambiguïté, de discours contradictoires et de fantasmes qui imprègnent notre imaginaire. La nuit s’associe à la convivialité, à l’inspiration, à la fête. Mais à côté de la ville lumière, la nuit conserve sa part d’ombre, qui fonde un imaginaire collectif empreint de peurs susceptibles de renforcer les stigmates d'un territoire indésirable : la favela. Au regard de la conception et d’usages de l’espace urbain de Rio de Janeiro, les connaissances paraissent faibles concernant l’impact réel des actions menées en matière d’éclairage, sur la qualification, la perception et l’identité de la ville nocturne. Les mécanismes susceptibles de stimuler la ségrégation, ainsi que la fusion de différents espaces de la ville selon l’accès ou pas aux services d’éclairage public sont inconnus. L’originalité de ce travail réside dans l’analyse des enjeux sociaux de la lumière, pour comprendre la fragmentation urbaine. Un élément remarquable du paysage carioca est la distribution hétérogène des points lumineux dans le tissu urbain. La ségrégation de proximité entre quartiers et favelas, ont suscité chez nous des réflexions sur le rôle de la lumière comme indicateur de justice ou marqueur d’injustice dans l’espace urbain. C’est dans ce contexte que nous avons initié notre recherche, en nous centrant sur la question sociale, sur les effets des actions d’éclairage distinctes entre les beaux quartiers et les favelas, et sur la manière dont différentes populations les interprètent, les perçoivent, et les vivent. A partir d’analyses de cas des quartiers de Botafogo, Copacabana et Ipanema, ainsi que des favelas Santa Marta, Cantagalo et Pavão-Pavãozinho, nous procédons à l’analyse de la ségrégation de proximité et sur le rôle social de la lumière. La représentation d'opposition entre la lumière/l’ombre, le bien/le mal, s'emmêlent dans l'identification et l'expression des représentations de la nuit urbaine. Ces conflits et la complexité du paysage urbain nocturne de Rio en font un sujet singulier. / The night and the favela are complimentary when talking about of ambiguity, contradictory discourses and fantasies that pervade our imagination. The night is associated itself with usability, inspiration and party. But, next to the city of light, the night shows its dark side, which is based on a collective imagination, full of fears which strengthen the stigma of an undesirable territory: the favela. In relation to the design and uses of urban space in Rio de Janeiro, knowledge appears incomplete when analyzing the real impact of actions carried out in terms of lighting, the qualification, the perception and the identity of the city by night. The mechanisms that can stimulate the segregation and merge different spaces in the city, according of access or not to the public lighting services, are unknown. The originality of this work relies on the analysis of social issues of light, to understand urban fragmentation. A remarkable feature of the carioca landscape is the heterogeneous distribution of the points of light in the urban landscape. The proximity between neighborhoods and favelas, have prompted reflections on the role of the light as justice indicator or marker of injustice in the urban space. In this context we initiated our research by focusing on the social question, the lighting effects of distinct actions between the wealthy neighborhoods and favelas, and how different individuals interpret, perceive and live there. From the case analysis of neighborhoods of Botafogo, Copacabana and Ipanema, as well the favelas Santa Marta, Cantagalo and Pavão-Pavãozinho, we proceeded to analyze the segregation of proximity and the social role of the light. The representation of opposition between light/shadow, good/bad, becomes entangled in the identification and representative expressions of urban night. These embedded conflicts and the complexity of the urban landscape make the whole a singular subject.

The subject of this scientific research is urban artistic lighting, analyzed herein as a means for highlighting the urban and architectural features and aimed at evaluation of aesthetic qualities of the nightscape depending on its illumination. Aesthetic (application and keeping to the beauty criteria) illumination development, contemporary trends and their influences on the nightscape formation is under analysis in the present work. Any psychological, physiological, ecological, economical, different technological and any other aspects are analyzed only in so far as they are related to the field of art criticism. The development analysis covers the entire history of human kind with the main focus being made on the period starting with electricity invention and spread of lighting, i. e. from the second half of the 19th century till nowadays, in foreign, as well as Lithuanian practice. / Darbo mokslinių tyrimų objektas – miestų meninis apšvietimas, kuris nagrinėjamas kaip urbanistikos ir architektūros požymius išryškinanti priemonė, siekiant įvertinti naktinio miestovaizdžio estetines kokybes ir jų priklausymą nuo apšvietimo. Nagrinėjama estetinė (grožio kriterijų taikymas ir laikymasis) apšvietimo raida, šiuolaikinės tendencijos ir įtaka naktinio miestovaizdžio formavimui. Psichologinis, fiziologinis, ekologinis, ekonominis, įvairūs technologiniai ir kiti aspektai nagrinėjami tik tiek, kiek yra susiję su menotyros sritimi. Raidos tyrimas apima visą žmonijos istoriją, tačiau dėmesys telkiamas į laikotarpį nuo elektros apšvietimo išplitimo, t. y. nuo XIX a. pabaigos, iki šių dienų.

A percepção viabiliza a obtenção de diversas informações visuais do ambiente que, entre outras funções, auxilia o indivíduo a se orientar no espaço. No período noturno, a iluminação urbana assume importante papel para o funcionamento das cidades, podendo contribuir para a qualifi cação dos ambientes. Este trabalho aborda a percepção sobre a qualidade do sistema de iluminação de uma praça municipal em Porto Alegre - Praça Dr. Adair Figueiredo - visando compreender as variáveis envolvidas, as possíveis relações entre elas e suas relações com o perfi l do respondente. A avaliação da percepção da qualidade do sistema de iluminação da praça foi realizada por possíveis usuários e pela autora do trabalho. Foi aplicado questionário on line com uma amostra de 283 pessoas, composto por questões de escala de valores para medir as variáveis relacionadas à qualidade do sistema de iluminação e perguntas fechadas para obtenção de dados de perfi l e opinião. Os resultados foram analisados utilizando-se métodos estatísticos como médias e variâncias das variáveis contínuas, análise de correlações de Pearson, teste de qui-quadrado, teste exato de Fisher, MANOVA, Post Hoc de Tukey. Foi realizada observação assistemática pela autora, registrada e analisada através de mapeamento visual e descrição textual, considerando-se as categorias de análise do referencial teórico. Os resultados apontam que todas as variáveis envolvidas na qualidade de iluminação estão correlacionadas positivamente, com médias amostrais apresentando 80,31% de satisfação geral com a qualidade do sistema de iluminação da praça, e também que é desejável a continuidade em investimentos no sistema de iluminação. A análise multivariada revela que o componente denominado “referências espaciais” é mais valorizado pelas faixas etárias acima de 41 anos do que a faixa etária de 31 a 40 anos e pelas pessoas acima de 51 anos em relação à faixa etária de 21 a 30 anos. / Perception makes it possible to obtain a diversity of visual information about the environment, which, among other functions, helps the individual to orient himself in space. In the night period, urban lighting plays an important role for the functioning of cities, and can contribute to the qualifi cation of the environments. This work approaches the perception about the quality of the lighting system of a city square in Porto Alegre - Dr. Adair Figueiredo Square- aiming to understand the variables involved, the possible relations between them and their relations with the profi le of the respondent. The square’s f lighting system quality evaluation’s was carried out by possible users and by the author of the work. An online questionnaire was applied with a sample of 283 people, composed of scale value’s questions to measure the variables related to the quality of the lighting system and closed questions to obtain data of profi le and opinion. The results were analyzed using statistical methods such as means and variances of continuous variables, Pearson correlation analysis, chi-square test, Fisher exact test, MANOVA, Tukey Post Hoc. An asystematic author’s observation was recorded and analyzed through visual mapping and textual description, considering the categories of analysis of the theoretical reference. The results indicate that all variables involved in lighting quality are positively correlated, and has sample average presenting 80.31% overall satisfaction with square’s lighting system quality, and also that it is desirable to continue investments in the lighting system. The multivariate analysis reveals that the factor “spatial references” is more valued by the age groups over 41 years than the age group of 31 to 40 years and by the people over 51 years of age in relation to the age group of 21 to 30 years.

A percepção viabiliza a obtenção de diversas informações visuais do ambiente que, entre outras funções, auxilia o indivíduo a se orientar no espaço. No período noturno, a iluminação urbana assume importante papel para o funcionamento das cidades, podendo contribuir para a qualifi cação dos ambientes. Este trabalho aborda a percepção sobre a qualidade do sistema de iluminação de uma praça municipal em Porto Alegre - Praça Dr. Adair Figueiredo - visando compreender as variáveis envolvidas, as possíveis relações entre elas e suas relações com o perfi l do respondente. A avaliação da percepção da qualidade do sistema de iluminação da praça foi realizada por possíveis usuários e pela autora do trabalho. Foi aplicado questionário on line com uma amostra de 283 pessoas, composto por questões de escala de valores para medir as variáveis relacionadas à qualidade do sistema de iluminação e perguntas fechadas para obtenção de dados de perfi l e opinião. Os resultados foram analisados utilizando-se métodos estatísticos como médias e variâncias das variáveis contínuas, análise de correlações de Pearson, teste de qui-quadrado, teste exato de Fisher, MANOVA, Post Hoc de Tukey. Foi realizada observação assistemática pela autora, registrada e analisada através de mapeamento visual e descrição textual, considerando-se as categorias de análise do referencial teórico. Os resultados apontam que todas as variáveis envolvidas na qualidade de iluminação estão correlacionadas positivamente, com médias amostrais apresentando 80,31% de satisfação geral com a qualidade do sistema de iluminação da praça, e também que é desejável a continuidade em investimentos no sistema de iluminação. A análise multivariada revela que o componente denominado “referências espaciais” é mais valorizado pelas faixas etárias acima de 41 anos do que a faixa etária de 31 a 40 anos e pelas pessoas acima de 51 anos em relação à faixa etária de 21 a 30 anos. / Perception makes it possible to obtain a diversity of visual information about the environment, which, among other functions, helps the individual to orient himself in space. In the night period, urban lighting plays an important role for the functioning of cities, and can contribute to the qualifi cation of the environments. This work approaches the perception about the quality of the lighting system of a city square in Porto Alegre - Dr. Adair Figueiredo Square- aiming to understand the variables involved, the possible relations between them and their relations with the profi le of the respondent. The square’s f lighting system quality evaluation’s was carried out by possible users and by the author of the work. An online questionnaire was applied with a sample of 283 people, composed of scale value’s questions to measure the variables related to the quality of the lighting system and closed questions to obtain data of profi le and opinion. The results were analyzed using statistical methods such as means and variances of continuous variables, Pearson correlation analysis, chi-square test, Fisher exact test, MANOVA, Tukey Post Hoc. An asystematic author’s observation was recorded and analyzed through visual mapping and textual description, considering the categories of analysis of the theoretical reference. The results indicate that all variables involved in lighting quality are positively correlated, and has sample average presenting 80.31% overall satisfaction with square’s lighting system quality, and also that it is desirable to continue investments in the lighting system. The multivariate analysis reveals that the factor “spatial references” is more valued by the age groups over 41 years than the age group of 31 to 40 years and by the people over 51 years of age in relation to the age group of 21 to 30 years.

This research paper is discussing light, and brightness in particular, in terms of perception, taking Odenplan as a case study.Some links between light characteristics and behaviour patterns, such as lingering, have been made, raising the discussion about the qualities of the artificial lighting that would add to convivial urban spaces at nighttime, attempting at differentiating between how people think they would behave and how they actually behave in a public square, and the impact of artificial lighting on public tendencies, suggesting if people feel comfortable and safe in the space, then they tend to perceive the space brighter. The research has shown that it is hard to draw conclusions when it comes to perceived qualities of light. Different research methods have been used with the intention of suggesting a methodology to be explored by others, including literature review, empirical study, informal interviews and word association survey.

The Marchamalo salt flats, built in the 18th century, are located near Cabo de Palos, Murcia (Spain), in a hot spot area with constant pressures of tourism and urban speculation. The salt flats are currently abandoned, but its landscape and ecological value still subsist. This Thesis aims to develop a low impact lighting Master plan for Marchamalo salt flats in which a comprehensive analysis is relevant for the design project. A holistic analysis method is employed which considers three agents: “Space”, “Humans” and “Light” to which the factor “Flora & Fauna” was added since the original method was developed for an urban context while the salt flats are located in a natural protected area. Each agent is studied in depth, separately and the interrelations between them. Applying the interpretation of facts and data developed in the analysis and by means of alternative urban lighting solutions like phosphorescence, portable lamps and smart controls; a customised urban lighting design is proposed based on the salt flats identity, preservation of darkness, multi-sensorial experience of the realm and the reconnection with the sky and nature. The lighting proposal will also be the guiding thread to raise awareness about the importance of protecting the heritage in the Region of Murcia in general, taking as a particular example the case of Marchamalo salt flat.

A pesquisa faz um levantamento dos sistemas de iluminação urbana e de fachadas atualmente instalados ao longo dos calçadões do Centro histórico de São Paulo, também chamado de Triângulo, qualificando-os segundo suas influências no modo como o pedestre entende o entorno e reconhece seus elementos, assim como o seu potencial convidativo em relação à utilização do espaço. A partir destes dados e discutindo o potencial que a luz possui para redefinir as referências espaciais na paisagem da cidade e influenciar o modo como o observador entende a arquitetura, o trabalho apresenta um conjunto de estratégias relacionadas a um plano diretor de iluminação urbana para o Triângulo, capaz de promover a melhoria do espaço urbano no período noturno e auxiliar o resgate da memória paulistana, explorando o uso do local e valorizando seus monumentos arquitetônicos. / This paper analyses the urban lighting system in addition to façade and street lighting installed on the streets of the historic downtown São Paulo, area also known as Triangle. It also verifies the lighting elements, considering the environment as well as its inviting potential in relation to its use. Based on the aspects of how lighting can improve overall appearance of a city or region, how it can redefine references of its landscape and influence the way a pedestrian perceives his/her surroundings some strategies of an urban lighting master plan will be shown as a way to improve the public space of the Triangle at night and preserve its historical landmarks driving more people to the premises and emphasizing its heritage.

A pesquisa faz um levantamento dos sistemas de iluminação urbana e de fachadas atualmente instalados ao longo dos calçadões do Centro histórico de São Paulo, também chamado de Triângulo, qualificando-os segundo suas influências no modo como o pedestre entende o entorno e reconhece seus elementos, assim como o seu potencial convidativo em relação à utilização do espaço. A partir destes dados e discutindo o potencial que a luz possui para redefinir as referências espaciais na paisagem da cidade e influenciar o modo como o observador entende a arquitetura, o trabalho apresenta um conjunto de estratégias relacionadas a um plano diretor de iluminação urbana para o Triângulo, capaz de promover a melhoria do espaço urbano no período noturno e auxiliar o resgate da memória paulistana, explorando o uso do local e valorizando seus monumentos arquitetônicos. / This paper analyses the urban lighting system in addition to façade and street lighting installed on the streets of the historic downtown São Paulo, area also known as Triangle. It also verifies the lighting elements, considering the environment as well as its inviting potential in relation to its use. Based on the aspects of how lighting can improve overall appearance of a city or region, how it can redefine references of its landscape and influence the way a pedestrian perceives his/her surroundings some strategies of an urban lighting master plan will be shown as a way to improve the public space of the Triangle at night and preserve its historical landmarks driving more people to the premises and emphasizing its heritage.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-15T22:47:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 Elso de Freitas Moisinho Filho1.pdf: 731678 bytes, checksum: d6589ebe3f4fcbd27d026bfce518d6a7 (MD5) Elso de Freitas Moisinho Filho2.pdf: 3672277 bytes, checksum: 0cdc520a7b1ae0c9b1c66b18a98178ae (MD5) Elso de Freitas Moisinho Filho3.pdf: 3314738 bytes, checksum: ca01dcf78bbb91701c2dcc44cdb1a7e3 (MD5) Elso de Freitas Moisinho Filho4.pdf: 3124975 bytes, checksum: 1a35b9ddf7f159ff0fb1526c1ed6d5ef (MD5) Elso de Freitas Moisinho Filho5.pdf: 3459223 bytes, checksum: ef59121059b5277c2165358060b10edd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-01 / This research which deals with the development of lighting guidelines for the historic and traditional downtown of the city of São Cristóvão, in Sergipe, is based on global context of cultural landscape, geographic, social, economic and historical of this cityand develop recommendations for interventions in this sector of the city mentioned , taking into account the preservation of the ambiance and creating an atmosphere of patrimonial valorization. This study includes also the concept of sustainable development in planning illumination set by L'Ubanisme Lumiere, European model, confering local characteristics to the light urban intervention. The first two chapters characterize the object to be studied, presenting specific local characteristics, urban development and historical importance of this city of the state of Sergipe, in order to provide theoretical support for the formulation of an approach consistent with reality. The following chapter promotes a reflection on the functional characteristics and qualification of the urban environment, reporting technical data as explaining an example of the use of lighting as a tool for valuing patrimonial cities, speaking also on the concepts of American and European illumination intervention. Finally, the fourth chapter outlines strategies and guidelines that promote the improvement of the urban night spots in the historical center of São Cristóvão, in an attempt to rescue the memory of the state of Sergipe and its architectural monuments. / Esta pesquisa trata do desenvolvimento de diretrizes de iluminação para o centro histórico e tradicional da cidade de São Cristóvão em Sergipe, baseada no contexto global da paisagem cultural, geográfica, social, econômica e histórica da cidade, desenvolve recomendações para intervenções neste setor da cidade citada, respaldando-se sob o ponto de vista da preservação da ambiência e na criação de uma atmosfera de cunho patrimonial. O trabalho integra, também, o conceito de desenvolvimento durável no planejamento luminotecnico estabelecido pelo L Ubanisme Lumiere, modelo europeu, atribuindo características locais a fundamentação de intervenção da luz urbana. Os dois primeiros capítulos caracterizam o objeto a ser estudado, apresentando características locais específicas, evolução urbana e importância histórica da cidade sergipana, no intuito de fornecer subsídios teóricos para a formulação de uma abordagem condizente com a realidade. O capitulo seguinte promove uma reflexão sobre as características funcionais e de qualificação do ambiente urbano, relatando dados técnicos como explanando exemplo de uso da luz como ferramenta de valorização de cidades patrimoniais, discursando ainda sobre os conceitos americano e europeu de intervenção luminotécnica. Por fim, quarto capítulo traça estratégias e diretrizes capazes de promover a melhoria do espaço urbano noturno do centro histórico de São Cristóvão, na tentativa de resgatar a memória sergipana e seus monumentos arquitetônicos.

How can reimagining the way we light our cities prove to be the urban catalyst to meet targets set out in the Paris Climate Agreement? In this Master Thesis, I question how restructuring our urban lighting can provide enormous benefits for not only reducing our energy consumption and becoming more efficient societies, but also support social interaction in shaping our cities for the future. The aspects pertaining to urban lighting and its influence on our environment have been organised into economy, political and urban evolution (social) categories, as a way to dissect and appreciate lights associated role in shaping our societies. Seeking sustainable strategies to meet urgent energy targets and urban development initiatives, are no longer optional but necessary. However, even with this undisputed need for change, particularly within urban lighting, approaches taken are still very much sequestered from general understanding and lack cross-disciplinary cooperation. Extensive publications, works and teachings from lighting designers, as well as currently adopted policies from government bodies and international case studies have been considered, in order to understand current strategies adopted and their potential co-operation for a future holistic strategy in tackling climate change as well as apparent inequalities in our urban environments.