This reports describes a master thesis project in Industrial Design Engineering at Lulea University of Technology in collaboration with Clas Ohlson.The master thesis was performed during 2015/2016 and is part of a product development project at Clas Ohlson aiming to develop a new kind of solar powered out door light. Clas Ohlson have limited experience with in house product development, and this project could be a pilot project to evaluate future in house product development.This projects main focus is the creative parts of the product development process and the detail development.The product developed resulted in a product with high customisation potential in many aspects including aesthetic, mounting, electronic and packaging.The resulting material, such as CAD-files, is handed over to Clas Ohlson for them to adjust if necessary in order to take the result in to production. The starting point is the company ́s desire to comply with one of their main objectives: provide sustainable products.The desire was for me to develop a solar powered outdoor light.The result is a module based system which can be expanded in multiple ways, from changing the function, to changing the appearance. In the chapter results you also find a suggested launch plan showing the width of the presented solution and the many opportunities the end user would have to upgrade their product without generating excessive waste.

Schoolyards play an important role in the Icelandic education system. Students aged 6 to 12 years old are required to go outdoors for recess at least two times per day. To play, get fresh air and to regain energy for upcoming classes. The schoolyards are even sometimes used for outdoor education where the students can experience their nearest environment. The children spend a great time of their childhood in school, which should support their well-being by offering an environment of good quality.The thesis main objective is to examine the importance of outdoor lighting in Icelandic schoolyards by the dark winter days. Since Iceland is located at high latitudes, the amount of daylight varies between seasons, with shorter days by winter but longer and brighter days by the summer.The structure of the thesis is a combination of research background and a case study. The research background introduces the positive link between the outdoors and well-being and how the mindset towards the winter can change the perception of darkness. Possibilities of outdoor lighting are examined, how lighting can contribute to the users and the identity of urban spaces. The case study examines two Icelandic schools where the current conditions are analyzed. Qualitative interviews were carried out to gain insight from school employees about the school environment and their experience of the students‘ well-being during the dark winter months. Finally, a lighting proposal is introduced that illustrates how layers of light can enrich the school outdoor environment.It can be truly said that outdoor lighting is of high importance in Icelandic schoolyards, for the students to see and experience the schoolyard by dark winter days. It is important that the lighting is in context with the schoolyard elements and thereby enhancing the quality of the environment.

A pesquisa faz um levantamento dos sistemas de iluminação urbana e de fachadas atualmente instalados ao longo dos calçadões do Centro histórico de São Paulo, também chamado de Triângulo, qualificando-os segundo suas influências no modo como o pedestre entende o entorno e reconhece seus elementos, assim como o seu potencial convidativo em relação à utilização do espaço. A partir destes dados e discutindo o potencial que a luz possui para redefinir as referências espaciais na paisagem da cidade e influenciar o modo como o observador entende a arquitetura, o trabalho apresenta um conjunto de estratégias relacionadas a um plano diretor de iluminação urbana para o Triângulo, capaz de promover a melhoria do espaço urbano no período noturno e auxiliar o resgate da memória paulistana, explorando o uso do local e valorizando seus monumentos arquitetônicos. / This paper analyses the urban lighting system in addition to façade and street lighting installed on the streets of the historic downtown São Paulo, area also known as Triangle. It also verifies the lighting elements, considering the environment as well as its inviting potential in relation to its use. Based on the aspects of how lighting can improve overall appearance of a city or region, how it can redefine references of its landscape and influence the way a pedestrian perceives his/her surroundings some strategies of an urban lighting master plan will be shown as a way to improve the public space of the Triangle at night and preserve its historical landmarks driving more people to the premises and emphasizing its heritage.

A pesquisa faz um levantamento dos sistemas de iluminação urbana e de fachadas atualmente instalados ao longo dos calçadões do Centro histórico de São Paulo, também chamado de Triângulo, qualificando-os segundo suas influências no modo como o pedestre entende o entorno e reconhece seus elementos, assim como o seu potencial convidativo em relação à utilização do espaço. A partir destes dados e discutindo o potencial que a luz possui para redefinir as referências espaciais na paisagem da cidade e influenciar o modo como o observador entende a arquitetura, o trabalho apresenta um conjunto de estratégias relacionadas a um plano diretor de iluminação urbana para o Triângulo, capaz de promover a melhoria do espaço urbano no período noturno e auxiliar o resgate da memória paulistana, explorando o uso do local e valorizando seus monumentos arquitetônicos. / This paper analyses the urban lighting system in addition to façade and street lighting installed on the streets of the historic downtown São Paulo, area also known as Triangle. It also verifies the lighting elements, considering the environment as well as its inviting potential in relation to its use. Based on the aspects of how lighting can improve overall appearance of a city or region, how it can redefine references of its landscape and influence the way a pedestrian perceives his/her surroundings some strategies of an urban lighting master plan will be shown as a way to improve the public space of the Triangle at night and preserve its historical landmarks driving more people to the premises and emphasizing its heritage.

Syfte: Syftet med studien är att få en inblick i hur färgtemperaturen kan påverka personers trivsel i bostadsområden. Detta är för att få en förståelse om hur ljusets färgtemperatur påverkar personers trivsel, positiva eller negativa effekter och vilka skillnader som syns med det olika färgtemperaturerna. Metod: Två metoder användes i studien. Ett frågeformulär skapades med 8 självtagna bilder med tillhörande frågor. Efter att deltagarna svarat på enkäten, genomfördes intervjuer med fem deltagare som valdes ut genom hur det svarade på frågorna och fick utveckla sina svar. Resultat: Resultaten visar att det finns en skillnad mellan varmt och kallt ljus, i hur det påverkar trivseln. Hur det påverkar trivseln beror dock på vad deltagare anser själva är en trivsam belysning. Ur frågeformulär var det en stor variation av deltagare som kopplade låg färgtemperatur till komfort och hemlik atmosfär. Högre färgtemperaturer kopplades mer till trygghet och modernt ljus. Ur intervjuer visade resultatet att fler deltagare föredrar lägre färgtemperatur i bostadsområden, då det känns mer behagligt och mer passande. Färre antal föredrog högre färgtemperaturer och kopplade det till att det lyser upp mer av omgivningen och blev mer följsamt för ögat. Deltagare kopplade mycket till omgivningen då bilderna visade olika områden. Mycket hus, bilar, belysning ifrån hus och grönskan bidrog mycket till att deltagare valde bilderna och kopplade det till hus ljuset spred sig i omgivningen.  Konsekvenser: Studien ger kunskap om färgtemperaturens roll för utomhusbelysning och vikten av den. Detta gynnar boende och gående inom bostadsområden. Genom att veta vilken färgtemperatur som föredras, kan belysning projekteras och planerare kan skapa den belysning som befolkningen anser är nödvändig och trivs bäst med.  Begränsningar: Studien är begränsad till att undersöka endast färgtemperatur i bostadsområden. Intervjuer genomfördes på distans i digital plattform, med hänsyn till rådande situation av covid-19. / Purpose: The purpose of the study is to gain an insight into how colour temperature can affect people's well-being in residential areas. This is to gain an understanding of how the colour temperature of light can affect well-being, whether it affects positively or negatively, if there are differences and in what way it differs. Method: Two methods were used in the study. A questionnaire was created, with 8 self-taken pictures with additional questions. After the participants responded to the questionnaire, interviews were conducted with five participants who were choose by how they answered and were allowed to develop their answers. Findings: The question asked had a broad answer. The results show that there is a difference between low and high colour temperature, how it affects well-being. However, how it affects well-being depends on what the participants consider to be a pleasant lighting. From the questionnaire, there was a large variety of participants who linked low colour temperature to comfort and homely atmosphere. Higher colour temperatures were linked more to security and modern light. From interviews, the results showed that more participants prefer lower colour temperature in residential areas, as it feels more comfortable and more appropriate. Fewer numbers preferred higher colour temperatures and linked it to the fact that it lit up more of the surroundings and became more compliant to the eye. Participants connected a lot to the surroundings as the pictures showed different residential areas. The pictures included a lot of houses, cars, lighting from houses and greenery, which contributed a lot to participants choosing the pictures and linking it to how the light spread in the surroundings. Implications: Conducting a study entails knowledge within the role of colour temperature for outdoor lighting and the importance of having it. This benefits residents and pedestrians in residential areas, by knowing which colour temperature is preferred, lighting can be projected, and planners can create the lighting that the population considers necessary and are most comfortable with. Limitations: The study has mainly focused on the colour temperature in residential area. Interviews were conducted remotely on a digital platform, considering the prevailing situation of covid-19.

This thesis will investigate the relationship between lighting and perception of safety through a case study. The main focus of this study is outdoor lighting with consideration of gender equality and perception of safety. Although street lighting is generally recognized as the most important environmental features that influences subjective perception of safety after dark, there is still lack of knowledge regarding the needed quality of light for this purpose and how it may influence perceived safety. Literature review indicates that effect of light on perceived safety works through two different mechanisms: natural surveillance and social integration. The main focus of this thesis is on natural surveillance. Indeed, light by increasing visibility in interaction with presence of people, enhance possibilities of natural surveillance. Based on literature review, a tool has been developed to have a more specific examination of visibility.Besides, the women’s safety audit (WSA) diagnostic tool is used as a qualitative data collection tool to identify unsafe spots in the chosen area by 10 local female participants. The chosen area is a residential area in Eskilstuna city, called Årby neighbourhood. All the participants were asked to determine unsafe spots from their perspective in the chosen area during an exploratory night walk. In the next step, the identified unsafe spots are analysed by means of the developed tool in terms of visibility.The result of this thesis supports the previous findings regarding the relationship between visibility and safety perception. Results show that urban settings with low level of prospect (obstructed view), high level of entrapment (escape difficulty), high level of concealment (lots of hiding spots), lack of illuminated visual spatial boundaries (sky plane, vertical plane and ground plane), low level of facial recognition and obstacle detection, low level of illumination of path, high level of glare and varied lighting distribution are judged as the most unsafe by women. In addition, the study revealed that illuminated ground plane has the minimum impact on sense of safety in comparison with other safety-related environmental factors. Consequently, this study highlighted that standards and guidelines, which are related to ground plane, are not very beneficial for improving perception of safety.

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