City Aggregation Machine- Project for HousingThe core concept of the project is Ambi-formalism. The main content of the design is urban morphology and an urban system of collective communities. Aim at creating a non-single perspective of reading, I call this intuitive experience, to increase presence to position “ourselves".Based on the generative logic of the Fengshui map and the European fortification map of the city wall, the origami method is used to decompose its shape, and the visual scale is used to decompose the schema into units and become a procedural grid of urban aggregation. Transform inoperable forms into operable urban unit systems. As an autonomous urban structure that can accommodate multiple reading views, in turn , which can trigger people's intuitive schema in it. so as to position ourselves.Residential district is the object designed to operate the system and skeleton of urban aggregation which mix of private and public volumes can accommodate a series of events, it aiso in itself constitutes an event. The visual layer  is the schematic route(events) into a dwelling, to identify each neighborhood.

Ambient air pollution is among the top 10 health risk factors in the US. With increasing concerns about adverse health effects of ambient air pollution among stakeholders including environmental scientists, health professionals, urban planners and community residents, improving air quality is a crucial goal for developing healthy communities. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) aims to reduce air pollution by regulating emissions and continuously monitoring air pollution levels. Local communities also benefit from crowd-sourced monitoring to measure air pollution, particularly with the help of rapidly developed low-cost sampling technologies. The shift from relying only on government-based regulatory monitoring to crowd-sourced effort has provided new opportunities for air quality data. In addition, the fast-growing data sciences (e.g., data mining) allow for leveraging open data from different sources to improve air pollution exposure assessment. My dissertation investigates how new data sources of air quality (e.g., community-based monitoring, low-cost sensor platform) and model predictor variables (e.g., non-government open data) based on emerging modeling approaches (e.g., machine learning [ML]) could be used to improve air quality models (i.e., land use regression [LUR]) at local, regional, and national levels for refined exposure assessment. LUR models are commonly used for predicting air pollution concentrations at locations without monitoring data based on neighboring land use and geographic variables. I explore the use of crowd-sourced low-cost monitoring data, new/open dataset from government and non-government sponsored platforms, and emerging modeling techniques to develop LUR models in the US. I focus on testing whether: (1) air quality data from community-based monitoring is feasible for developing LUR models, (2) air quality data from non-government crowd-sourced low-cost sensor platforms could supplement regulatory monitors for LUR development, and (3) new/open data extracted from non-government sponsored platforms could serve as alternative datasets to traditional predictor variable sources (e.g., land use and geographic features) in LUR models. In Chapter 3, I developed LUR models using community-based sampling (n = 50) for 60 volatile organic compounds (VOC) in the city of Minneapolis, US. I assessed whether adding area source-related features improves LUR model performance and compared model performance using variables featuring area sources from government vs. non-government sponsored platforms. I developed three sets of models: (1) base-case models with land use and transportation variables, (2) base-case models adding area source variables from local business permit data (government sponsored platform), and (3) base-case models adding Google point of interest (POI) data for area sources. Models with Google POI data performed the best; for example, the total VOC (TVOC) model had better goodness-of-fit (adj-R2: 0.56; Root Mean Square Error [RMSE]: 0.32 µg/m3) as compared to the permit data model (0.42; 0.37) and the base-case model (0.26; 0.41). This work suggests that VOC LUR models can be developed using community-based samples and adding Google POI could improve model performance as compared to using local business permit data. In Chapter 4, I evaluated a national LUR model using annual average PM2.5 concentrations from low-cost sensors (i.e., PurpleAir platform) in 6 US urban areas (n = 149) and tested the feasibility of using low-cost sensor data for developing LUR models. I compared LUR models using only the PurpleAir sensors vs. hybrid LUR models (combining both the EPA regulatory monitors and the PurpleAir sensors). I found that the low-cost sensor network could serve as a promising alternative to fill the gaps of existing regulatory networks. For example, the national regulatory monitor-based LUR (i.e., CACES LUR developed as part of the Center for Air, Climate, and Energy Solutions) may fail to capture locations with high PM2.5 concentrations and the within-city spatial variability. Developing LUR models using the PurpleAir sensors was reasonable (PurpleAir sensors only: 10-fold CV R2 = 0.66, MAE = 2.01 µg/m3; PurpleAir and regulatory monitors: R2 = 0.85, MAE = 1.02 µg/m3). I also observed that incorporating PurpleAir sensor data into LUR models could help capture within-city variability and merit further investigation on areas of disagreement with the regulatory monitors. This work suggests that the use of crowd-sourced low-cost sensor networks for LUR models could potentially help exposure assessment and inform environmental and health policies, particularly for places (e.g., developing countries) where regulatory monitoring network is limited. In Chapter 5, I developed national LUR models to predict annual average concentrations of 6 criteria pollutants (NO2, PM2.5, O3, CO, SO2 and PM10) in the US to compare models using new data (Google POI, Google Street View [GSV] and Local Climate Zone [LCZ]) vs. traditional geographic variables (e.g., road lengths, area of built land) based on different modeling approaches (partial least square [PLS], stepwise regression and machine learning [ML] with and without Kriging effect). Model performance was similar for both variable scenarios (e.g., random 10-fold CV R2 of ML-kriging models for NO2, new vs. traditional: 0.89 vs. 0.91); whereas adding the new variables to the traditional LUR models didn't necessarily improve model performance. Models with kriging effect outperformed those without (e.g., CV R2 for PM2.5 using the new variables, ML-kriging vs. ML: 0.83 vs. 0.67). The importance of the new variables to LUR models highlights the potential of substituting traditional variables, thus enabling LUR models for areas with limited or no data (e.g., developing countries) and across cities. The dissertation presents the integration of new/open data from non-government sponsored platform and crowd-sourced low-cost sensor networks in LUR models based on different modeling approaches for predicting ambient air pollution. The analyses provide evidence that using new data sources of both air quality and predictor variables could serve as promising strategies to improve LUR models for tracking exposures more accurately. The results could inform environment scientists, health policy makers, as well as urban planners interested in promoting healthy communities. / Doctor of Philosophy / According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), a healthy community aims at preventing disease, reducing health gaps, and creating more accessible options for a wider population. Outdoor air pollution has been evidenced to cause a wide range of diseases (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, diabetes and adverse birth outcome), ranking as the top 10 health risks in the US. Thus, improving understanding of ambient air quality is one of the common goals among environmental scientists, urban planners, health professionals, and local residents to achieving healthy communities. To understand air pollution exposures in different areas, US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has regulatory monitors for outdoor air pollution measurements across the country. For locations without these regulatory monitors, land use regression (LUR) models (one type of air quality models) are commonly employed to make a prediction. Usually, information including number of people, location of bus stops, and type of roads are shared online from government websites. These datasets are often used as significant predictor variables for developing LUR models. Questions remain on whether new air quality data and alternative land use data from non-government sources could improve air quality modeling. In recent years, local communities have been actively involving in air pollution monitoring using rapidly developed low-cost sensors and sampling campaigns with the help of local residents. In the meantime, advances in data sciences make open data much easier to acquire and use, particularly from non-government sponsored platforms. My dissertation aims to explore the use of new data sources including community-based low-cost monitoring data and open dataset from non-government websites in LUR modes based on emerging modeling techniques (e.g. machine learning) to predict air pollution levels in the US. I first built LUR models for volatile organic compounds (VOC: organic chemicals with a high vapor pressure at room temperature [e.g., Benzene]) based on community-based sampling data in the City of Minneapolis, US. I added information on number of neighboring gas stations, dry cleaners, paint booths, and auto shops from both the local government and Google website into the model and compared the model performance for both data sources (Chapter 3). Then, I used PM2.5 data from a non-government website (PurpleAir low-cost sensors) for 6 US cities evaluating an existing air quality model that used air quality data from government websites. I further developed LUR models using the PurpleAir PM2.5 data to see whether this non-government source of low-cost sensor data could be as reasonable as the government data for LUR model development. I finally extracted new/open data from non-government sponsored platforms (e.g., Google products and local climate zone [LCZ: a map that describes the development patterns of land, such as high-rise vs. low-rise or trees vs. sands]) in the US to investigate if these data sources can be used to alternate the land use and geographic data often used in national LUR model development. I found that: (1) adding information (e.g., number of neighboring gas stations) from non-government sponsored sources (e.g., Google) could improve the air quality model performance for VOCs, (2) integrating non-government low-cost PM2.5 sensor data into government regulatory monitoring data to develop LUR models could improve model performance and offer more insights on the air pollution exposure, (3) new/open data from non-government sponsored platforms could be used to replace the land use and geographic data previous obtained from government websites for air quality models. These findings mean that air quality data and street-level land use characteristics could serve as alternative data sources and are capable of developing better air quality models for promoting healthy communities.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

A cidade de São Paulo é planejada, projetada, construída e apropriada a partir da lógica dos \"edifícios\", em detrimento de interstícios urbanos e suas potencialidades latentes. É lançada a hipótese de que a cidade, se produzida a partir de infraestruturas intersticiais embasadas por parâmetros morfológicos, ambientais e sociais, resulta em ambientes urbanos de maior qualidade para as pessoas. O objetivo da tese é, portanto, avaliar interstícios urbanos típicos da cidade existente e, a partir disso, desenvolver, analiticamente, e aplicar, propositivamente, ferramentas e parâmetros de planejamento e desenho urbano para a construção de efetivas infraestruturas intersticiais a requalificarem a cidade, com foco em territórios com potencial de transformação urbana. O método é empírico, analítico e especulativo, articulando Trabalho de Campo, Trabalho Analítico e Trabalho Propositivo, embasados teoricamente. Enfim, a contrapelo da legislação e prática vigentes, e a partir da aplicação dos parâmetros morfológico-ambientais-sociais propostos pela tese, são especulados futuros alternativos à cidade de São Paulo, legitimando e comprovando o papel infraestrutural de interstícios urbanos na requalificação da cidade. / The city of Sao Paulo is planned, designed, built and used from the perspective of \"buildings\" to the detritment of the urban void and its latent potentialities. It is hypothesized that the city, if produced from interstitial infrastructures based on morphological, environmental and social parameters, results in higher quality urban environments for people. The aim of the thesis is therefore to evaluate typical urban interstices selected in the existing city and to evolve, analytically, and to apply, prospectively, innovative tools and parameters for urban planning and design, seeking the construction of effective interstitial infrastructures to requalify the city, with a focus on territories with potential for urban transformation. The method is empirical, analytical and speculative in the way that articulates Fieldwork, Analytical Work and Prospective Work, theoretically based. Ultimately, against the prevailing urban regulation and practice, and from the application of the morphologicalenvironmental-social parameters proposed by the thesis, alternative futures are speculated to the city of São Paulo, legitimating and proving the infrastructural role of urban interstices in the requalification of the city.

Le tanji est d'abord construit sur des terrains vagues, pour ensuite servir au réaménagement du territoire : il remplace brutalement le modèle de l’habitation basse. La structure urbaine existante perd ainsi l’occasion d’évoluer de façon séquentielle et logique et finit par disparaître. Développés comme outils de modernisation du logement, les tanji interrompent ainsi la modernisation de la structure urbaine.Or, cette étude essaye de réévaluer la structure urbaine des quartiers d’habitations basses et de trouver le moyen d’y intégrer le tanji. Cela suppose que ce dernier change, et ce changement a sans doute déjà commencé, car on voit apparaître de petits tanji parmi les habitations basses. L’échelle de ce nouveau modèle correspond mieux à la structure existante. Cependant, le petit tanji fonctionne lui aussi comme un système fermé, et le problème de la circulation entre les deux types de logements existants persiste. Dans un tel contexte, le golmok, une ruelle piétonne encore présente dans le tissu urbain existant, apparait comme un espace intermédiaire susceptible d’améliorer le flux urbain.Ainsi, dans la première partie, la question principale est de comprendre comment le tanji est devenu un modèle de logement représentatif de la classe moyenne. Celle-ci a quitté les quartiers d’habitations basses pour les tanji, y laissant les classes populaires et défavorisées, et causant une ségrégation sociale manifeste. Dans les quartiers d’habitations basses, faute de capital, les petites maisons particulières sont transformées illégalement en petits logements collectifs de rapport ; l’infrastructure n’y est pas non plus réaménagée. En parallèle, le modèle de l’habitation basse n'évolue pas de manière spontanée pour autant.La deuxième partie cherche à déterminer comment faire évoluer la structure urbaine et quelle est la potentialité du tissu urbain d’habitations basses face au tanji. En fait, depuis le début du 20e siècle, la modernisation du tissu urbain a été réalisée selon l’ancien modèle japonais de composition des îlots, et répond difficilement aux enjeux de la ville actuelle : les rues sont très étroites, les parcelles très réduites, et les logements petits et modestes. Il en résulte une dépréciation naturelle de leur valeur immobilière et un frein à leur évolution spontanée. Dans cet environnement, le golmok représente un espace potentiel grâce auquel ces habitations basses possèdent encore certaine valeur.Dans la troisième partie, la question est de définir si le tanji peut s’intégrer dans la structure urbaine. L’insertion de petits tanji au milieu des habitations basses présente de vraies possibilités de communiquer avec le voisinage et d’ouvrir le tanji. En fait, le grand tanji est considéré comme un plan d’urbanisme qui aménage le quartier et même la ville. Mais, le petit tanji peut devenir un simple modèle de logements, libérant les barres et les tours enfermées dans le tanji et les réintégrant dans la ville. Si, par ailleurs, le tanji ouvert bénéficie du flux des golmok, le tissu urbain évoluera vers un modèle d’îlot ouvert à la coréenne.Finalement, plus la ville est dense, plus il faut l’ouvrir. Pour une véritable urbanisation, il est nécessaire de dégager plus d’espaces intermédiaires, ce qui conduit à la problématique centrale de cette thèse : comment restructurer le tanji ? / During urbanization, it is essential to develop a model of collective housing that adapts to the urban structure. Such a model can be applied easily and abundantly, and can thus respond to population growth. However, today in Seoul one can find a refutation: a large apartment complex called tanji. Although it is a heterogeneous element in the urban structure, it is considered successful: thus it is extensively applied in the city. Despite being isolated from its neighborhood, it works by creating its own independent environment. At the perimeter of the tanji, a sudden urban discontinuity appears. Concerning the evolution of the urban structure, it is not a successful model. Moreover, it has standardized the life of the individual, making Seoul’s urban landscape monotonous.At first, the tanji is built in vacant land, and subsequently it is utilized for the redevelopment of all other problematic urban fabrics. The urban structure thus cannot evolve sequentially and logically, and finally disappears. This process is also brutal, ignoring the lives of original inhabitants. Nonetheless, this process is repeated because there is no multiple dwelling-house model that corresponds well to low-rise housing. In other words, there is no motor for the spontaneous evolution of this urban fabric. Thus, the success of the tanji is partially due to the defects of the existing urban structure. Indeed, as a tool for modernizing housing, tanjis finally interrupt the modernization of the urban structure.Thus, this study reassesses the urban structure of low dwellings, and seeks a way to integrate the tanji into this. Change is now beginning: small tanjis appear in the low-rise residential area. But since tanjis belongs to a closed system, there is no real flow between the areas: in the existing urban fabric, pedestrian alleys (golmoks) act as intermediate space.Thus, the first part asks “How can the tanji become a successful model?” As the principal housing of the middle class, it will separate them from the underprivileged, who remain in lower housing. If capital is not invested, small houses are transformed illegally into small collective housing for rent. Nor is the infrastructure being redesigned. Thus, the low dwellings cannot evolve spontaneously.The second part asks, “Is it possible to develop logically the urban structure instead of the simple replacement by tanji?” and “What is the potentiality of the urban fabric of low dwellings as an alternative to the tanji?” In fact, the modernization of the urban fabric continued throughout the 20th century, influenced by the old Japanese model for urban blocks, which cannot meet today's demands, thus causing declining real estate values. Spontaneous evolution is thus difficult, yet the golmok is a potential space that gives these low dwellings a certain value.The third part asks, “Can the tanji fit into the urban structure?” This begins with the appearance of small tanjis, so that those among lower housing can communicate better with their neighborhood. In fact, big tanjis are considered rather as town plans that develop the neighborhood and even the city. Small tanjis can become a simple type of housing, as apartment blocks enclosed in the tanji can be freed and reintegrated into the city. In addition, open tanji can bring the flow of golmoks, thus evolving toward Korean-style open blocks.Eventually, intensive urbanization requires more intermediate space. Finally, the central problem is now how to respatialize the tanji.Keywords : History and formation of city – Seoul Metropolitan – Urban morphology and urban tissue – Urban landscape – Collective housing : Tanji – Gated community – Intermediate space

O trabalho analisa as dinâmicas territoriais contemporâneas e os fluxos de metropolização promovidos em áreas de expansão urbana, tendo como estudo Ribeirão Preto, cidade de médio porte localizada no interior do estado de São Paulo/Brasil. O município, com área de 650,955 Km², apresenta 604.682 habitantes, conforme o censo de 2010 promovido pelo IBGE-Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. É um dos principais parques agroindustriais brasileiros compondo a terceira região de maior relevância econômica do estado de São Paulo - principal região econômica do país -, com um produto interno bruto per capita igual a 28.100,52 reais [sendo o produto interno bruto per capita brasileiro igual a 21.252,41 reais, segundo o mesmo censo]. O período entre a década de 1980 e os anos 2000 foi marcado por um extraordinário desenvolvimento econômico da região de Ribeirão Preto com desdobramentos na urbanização de seu território contíguo. De forma semelhante ao que ocorreu nas principais metrópoles brasileiras, a cidade passou a produzir e experimentar situações urbanas decorrentes das novas lógicas de organização econômica e social, com particular articulação em relação aos interesses imobiliários. A lógica do mercado imobiliário, coligada ao modelo de acumulação vigente nos últimos quarenta anos - marcado pela financeirização da economia -, possui rebatimentos na configuração do espaço urbano. A privatização de frações consideráveis do território, principalmente em áreas de expansão, apresenta-se como produto e preceito da conformação espacial atual, colaborando para o acirramento de processos de segregação morfológica e social dos ambientes urbanos e de transformação dos valores públicos e culturais. Este modelo de expansão, cindido da conformação histórica da cidade e alimentado pela flexibilização da legislação urbana, cria condições para o surgimento de problemas que associam um desenho urbano tributário da iniciativa privada a processos de gentrification. A resultante é uma urbanização dispersa, contudo, conectada à estrutura urbana existente por um viário que estimula o transporte individual em detrimento de sistemas coletivos. O problema de tal constituição urbana não está no fato de responder às demandas provenientes do novo modelo de acumulação, mas sim de reduzir-se apenas a isso, voltando-se exclusivamente às dinâmicas econômicas e, portanto, estando divorciada das dimensões políticas e de cidadania da sociedade. O trabalho busca compreender as novas produções em curso dos espaços urbanos, investigando as privatizações de áreas significativas do território de Ribeirão Preto: os condomínios urbanísticos e loteamentos fechados de alto padrão [de usos habitacionais e mistos] localizados em áreas de expansão urbana, particularmente implantados em regiões adjacentes à Avenida Professor João Fiúsa e à Rodovia José Fregonesi [SP-328], os quais parecem prescindir do conceito de cidade conformada historicamente, produzindo no limite [e contraditoriamente] um urbanismo sem cidade. / The work analyzes the current territorial dynamics and its metropolization flows at urban growth areas. The city chosen as the object of study was Ribeirão Preto, a São Paulo state inner city, which is classified as a medium-sized one. It has a population of 604.682 inhabitants in a 650,955 Km² area according to the 2010 census. Well known as one of the main agribusiness centers in the country, Ribeirão Preto represents the third most important economy of São Paulo state and plays a major role in the Brazilian economy. Contrasting with Brazil GDP of R$21.252,41, Ribeirão Preto has a GDP of R$28.100,52, both values per capita. Between 1980 and 2000 decades a remarkable economic development and urbanization improvement were noticed at Ribeirão Preto. As other major Brazilian metropolis, the city began to produce and experience urban situations derived from novel economic and social logics of organization with a particular articulation connected to real estate interests. The property market logic linked to an accumulation model - marked by economy financialisation -, which has been applied in the last forty years, has reverberated on urban space structural configuration. The privatization of significant fractions of the urban territory is presented as a product and provision of current spaces conformation, especially in their expansion areas. It contributes to worsening some urban processes with regards to morphological and social segregation and the transformation of public and cultural values. This urban expansion model is interpreted as one whose historical values are diminished or even not existent. It is fueled by the easing of urban legislation and increases problems involving an urban design derived from private initiatives to the gentrification process. The result is an urban sprawl which is connected to the urban sites through highways systems that stimulates individualities rather than a sense of collectiveness. The problem highlighted by this urban constitution is not only related to its response of economical demands, but it is reduced exclusively to that. This urban model has been accumulating several negative critiques, particularly concerning the divorce between the political and social dimensions of society. Based on it, the work aims the understanding of the redefinition of urban spaces. Hence, some urban private areas that exemplify this dynamic were selected: the high level private condominiums located at expansion areas, especially on Professor João Fiúsa Avenue and José Fregonesi Highway, which seems to abstract the whole concept of a city shaped historically, producing at most [and contradictorily] urban spaces without an actual city.

A pesquisa tem a ênfase em levantar, inventariar e analisar as características tipológicas de tecido urbano e a configuração produtiva imobiliária que lhes deu origem, numa cidade de médio porte que participa de uma Região Administrativa como a de Campinas. É o estudo de uma cidade díspar das regiões metropolitanas de São Paulo ou mesmo a de Campinas, entretanto constitui-se na qualidade de um aglomerado urbano numa posição destacada entre suas cidades vizinhas. Ressalta-se na dissertação de mestrado o levantamento de cidades do interior paulista, com enfoque na estruturação urbana mediante a classificação de suas vias principais de expansão e a escolha de uma via para um estudo mais aproximado, baseando-se na metodologia morfotipológica do trabalho de Campos Filho. Uma metodologia de trabalho que ainda é mais bem tratada na cidade de São Paulo em prejuizo de cidades que vêm acolhendo fluxo considerável de migrantes, inclusive provenientes da capital O estudo atua na classificação de níveis diferenciados de centralidades de comércios e serviços e como esse tecido se comporta nessas variações, lembrando que o tecido engloba tanto a tipologia arquitetônica e suas instâncias de disposição no lote e volumetrias, quanto as tipologia das vias de circulação e capacidade de suporte nos espaços de passagem de veículos e pedestres. Assim, a análise do espaço urbano de Limeira ganha relevância ao se constituir como um dos exemplos de um processo de urbanização crescente que vem atingindo e transformando diversas cidades do interior. / This paper is concerned with the issue of surveying and analyzing the typological characteristics of the urban tissue resultant from the productive real estate configuration in a medium syze city- township which is under Campinas dependency. This case study examines Limeira municipality that obviously differs from the metropolitan areas of São Paulo or even from those of Campinas, but, at the same time belongs to the last. Nonetheless, it constitutes itself as an outstanding urban agglonerate among its neighborhood. Besides an overview of hinterland towns of São Paulo State, it´s inteded to highlight the urban structure by means of classifying Limeira´s dynamics of expansion by choosing one of the major streets and classifying its different levels of commercial and service centers and, moreover, how the urban tissue performs in this variation, realizing that the tissue includes not only the architectural typology and its disposition on the lot and volumetry but also the typology of streets with their use of the public space, including the vehicles circulation. The methodology applied is based upon Campos Filho´s morpho and typological analysis. This methodology has been more accepted in larger cities like São Paulo, neglectting smaller ones which also have a considerable migratory flow from all over the country and recently from São Paulo as well. Therefore, the analysis of the urban tissue of Limeira is important to the quality of life of its inhabitants, as an example of the increasing urbanization that has been occurring and transforming a great deal of hinterlands towns in São Paulo State.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2017-03-24T17:54:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ALESSANDRA ARGENTON SCIOTA.pdf: 14278315 bytes, checksum: 7b50c1b9e4fde7b265c67cf68b0d8a21 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-24T17:54:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ALESSANDRA ARGENTON SCIOTA.pdf: 14278315 bytes, checksum: 7b50c1b9e4fde7b265c67cf68b0d8a21 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-12 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas ? PUC Campinas / The present thesis aims to problematize the gated communities model (produced in Brazil as condominium and closed parceling, among others), named here by ?closed urban nucleus?, and to construct arguments to questioning the effects generated by these communities closed by walls. It is the hypothesis that is possible to measure the impact of this model taking with categories of analysis of the changing in the urban landscape, in the urban mobility and in the integration to the urban dynamic. Using the objective criteria associated to urban morphology, the valuation of the effects caused by this model reproduction, alone or in group, intend to cause the creation of arguments that sustain technically the oppose to this model, criticized for different areas of knowledge. Throughout the process of this study, has been developed a method to read the effects caused by these ?closed urban nucleus? in the city. The punctuation criteria established to evaluate the resultant effects of this urban design permit problematize and question the limits of this urban development model. This research analyzed 85 ?closed urban nucleus? located at Valinhos, belonging to Campinas Metropolitan Region, S?o Paulo State. / A presente tese tem por objetivo problematizar o modelo dos empreendimentos imobili?rios que se fecham entre muros (conhecidos como condom?nios horizontais e loteamentos fechados, entre outros) e denominados aqui de n?cleos urbanos fechados e construir argumentos no questionamento quanto aos efeitos gerados por esses empreendimentos. Tem-se como hip?tese que ? poss?vel medir o impacto deste modelo, a partir do conceito de morfologia urbana, tomando como categorias de an?lises as transforma??es provocadas na paisagem urbana, na mobilidade urbana e na integra??o ? din?mica urbana. Por meio de crit?rios objetivos e relacionados ? morfologia urbana, a valora??o dos efeitos causados pelo empreendimento, de forma isolada ou em conjunto, visa provocar a constru??o de argumentos que suportem tecnicamente o enfrentamento a este modelo de urbaniza??o, criticado por diferentes ?reas do conhecimento. Ao longo do trabalho foi-se desenvolvendo um m?todo de leitura dos efeitos causados pelos n?cleos urbanos fechados na cidade. Os crit?rios de pontua??o estabelecidos para valorar os efeitos resultantes do desenho urbano implantado permitem problematizar e questionar os limites desse modelo de ocupa??o. S?o analisados 85 n?cleos urbanos fechados no munic?pio de Valinhos, pertencente a Regi?o Metropolitana de Campinas no estado de S?o Paulo.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:21:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Vitorino Assumpcao.pdf: 12864358 bytes, checksum: b6955965a7e6242dca4d499172dac114 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-19 / The first occupation in Vale do Para?ba is connected to the search of Indian labor and gold, which later consolidates itself by the Portuguese conquest. Using Indian paths, colonizers went into the vale interior and, creating and new paths net consolidated settlements. In the XVIII century, migration and urbanization were intensified in this area because of the gold cycle, at the same time when there was a concern from the Portuguese Crown regarding the territory s protection. The ecclesiastic orders, and especially the Jesuits, were conclusive in this conquest and domination process, as from the relation between Crown and Church we have had Brazil s land distribution structure, during the Colonial era. These institution s actions shaped the morphology of the first settlements but also elaborated the physiognomy of S?o Luis do Paraitinga and Bananal, analyzed and compared in this study, which approaches aspects of the development of their identities pointing political, economical, religious and habits issues. / A primeira ocupa??o do Vale do Para?ba est? vinculada ? busca da m?o-de-obra ind?gena e do ouro, que posteriormente se consolida por meio da conquista dos portugueses. Fazendo uso das trilhas ind?genas, os colonizadores adentraram os sert?es do vale e, criando uma rede de novos caminhos consolidaram os n?cleos de povoamento. No s?culo XVIII, o ciclo do ouro intensificou a migra??o e a urbaniza??o dessa ?rea, ao mesmo tempo em que houve uma preocupa??o da Coroa Portuguesa com a prote??o do territ?rio. As ordens eclesi?sticas, e principalmente os jesu?tas atuaram de forma decisiva nesse processo de conquista e dom?nio sendo que da rela??o entre Coroa e Igreja decorre a estrutura fundi?ria do Brasil no per?odo colonial. As a??es desses poderes condicionaram a morfologia dos primeiros povoamentos, mas tamb?m elaboraram a fisionomia das cidades S?o Luis do Paraitinga e Bananal, analisadas e comparadas nesse estudo que aborda aspectos da forma??o das suas identidades pontuando quest?es pol?ticas, econ?micas, religiosas e de costumes.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:22:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARCELO FERNANDES PIOVANI .pdf: 6824937 bytes, checksum: 473b49d3c1e4e0ff655fe5ba44b7e97c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-09 / Currently mobility word has been much discussed. This concept recently surpassed the field of urban thought and is present in various areas such as politics, technology and telecommunications. More recently, urban mobility has been the subject of demonstrations and claims the country, a fact that calls attention to its discussion. Although the word has recently been incorporated into these discourses, the concept of mobility - which has its related vocabulary of movement, displacement and locomotion - presents itself in the urban planning field as a usual term, and throughout history, has been approached by various thinkers and recurrent in many theories, especially when it violates the pedestrian moving to the city. Yet some more contemporary phenomena such as population growth in urban centers the verticalization and densification policies combined with the significant increase in private transport and lack of investment in urban infrastructure can generate problems related to pedestrian mobility in these areas. This work will analyze the factors that make up these issues and alternatives for mitigation through an alternative through permeable block. Aims to identify the quality of these routes, checking how they can be more pleasant, allowing new flows, increasing the interface between built and open spaces as well as establish important connections between points of urban interests. For it the theories and concepts was analyzed that develop or tangent this aspect of the dissolution of the court, as well as cases of analysis where the architectural party is related to this issue. This work also presents a case study of the town center of Campinas SP, where there is a relationship between problems and potentials related to their morphology which saw this alternative of creating urban routes permeable to the court. / Atualmente a palavra mobilidade vem sendo muito discutida. Este conceito recentemente ultrapassou o campo do pensamento urban?stico e est? presente em diversas ?reas como a da pol?tica, inform?tica e telecomunica??es. Mais recentemente, em junho de 2013, a mobilidade urbana foi tema de manifesta??es e reinvindica??es pelo pa?s, fato este, que chama aten??o para sua discuss?o. Apesar de a palavra ter sido incorporada recentemente a estes discursos, o conceito de mobilidade - que tem seu l?xico relacionado a movimento, deslocamento e locomo??o - apresenta-se no campo do urbanismo como um termo usual, e ao longo da hist?ria, foi abordado por v?rios pensadores ? recorrente em muitas teorias, principalmente no que diz respeito o movimento do pedestre em rela??o ? cidade. Contudo, alguns fen?menos mais contempor?neos como o crescimento populacional nos centros urbanos, a verticaliza??o e as politicas de adensamento aliadas ao aumento significativo do transporte particular e falta de investimento na infraestrutura urbana podem gerar uma problem?tica relacionada ? mobilidade do pedestre nestas ?reas. Este trabalho ir? analisar os fatores que comp?em esta problem?tica e as alternativas para sua mitiga??o atrav?s de uma alternativa por meio de quadra perme?veis. Tem como objetivo identificar a qualidade destes percursos, verificando como podem ser mais apraz?veis, possibilitando novos fluxos, aumentando a interface entre espa?os edificados e livres, al?m de estabelecer importantes conex?es entre pontos de interesses urbanos. Para isto, foram analisados as teorias e conceitos que desenvolvem ou tangenciam este aspecto da dissolu??o da quadra, assim como a an?lise de casos onde o partido arquitet?nico est? relacionado com esta quest?o. Este trabalho apresenta ainda, um estudo de caso do centro da cidade de Campinas SP, onde h? uma rela??o entre problem?tica e potencialidades ligadas a sua morfologia em que se verificou esta alternativa de cria??o de percursos urbanos perme?veis ?s quadras.