Incontinência Urinária de Esforço (IUE) é a queixa de perda involuntária de urina durante esforços ou exercício físico ou espirro ou tosse. A prevalência mundial varia de 8,5 a 68,8%. Tem como principais fatores de risco a paridade, menopausa, obesidade, cirurgias vaginais e Diabetes Mellitus, e causa impacto negativo na qualidade de vida das mulheres podendo levar a depressão, problemas sexuais e pessoais. Existem poucos trabalhos epidemiológicos no Brasil e não existem informações sobre a prevalência de IUE em mulheres ribeirinhas (origem indígena) da Amazônia ou sobre avaliação de fatores de risco e influência do parto domiciliar nesta população. O Objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar prevalência e fatores de risco para IUE em mulheres ribeirinhas da Amazônia e comparar com mulheres que moram em um centro urbano da mesma região. Após cálculo amostral foram entrevistadas 120 mulheres ribeirinhas e 260 mulheres da região urbana, sendo pesquisados a prevalência e os fatores de risco para IUE e, realizado exame físico para avaliar prolapso genital e avaliação funcional do assoalho pélvico em cada população. No grupo de mulheres com queixa de IUE, foi aplicado questionário de qualidade de vida (Kings Health Questionnaire) e realizado estudo urodinâmico. No grupo de mulheres ribeirinhas a prevalência de IUE foi de 25.8% e no grupo urbano de 20% (p > 0.05). Na avaliação dos fatores de risco, paridade, número de partos normais e partos domiciliares foram estatisticamente maiores no grupo ribeirinha. Em relação a qualidade de vida, foi encontrada diferença significativa em alguns domínios (impacto da incontinência, limitação de atividades diárias e físicas, relações pessoais e emoção) sendo pior na população urbana / Stress Urinary Incontinency (SUI) is the complaint of an involuntary loss of urine during efforts or physical exercises, sneezing or coughing. The worldwide prevalence ranges from 8,5 to 68,8%. The main risk factors are: parity, menopause, obesity, vaginal surgeries and Diabetes Mellitus and it causes a negative impact in women\'s quality of life that may lead to depression, sexual and personal problems. There are few epidemiological works in Brazil and there is no information about the prevalence of SUI in riverside community women (indigenous origin) from the Amazon or about the evaluation of the risk factors and influence of home births in this population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and the risk factors for SUI in riverside women from the Amazon and to compare them to women that live in urban areas at the same region. After sample calculation, 120 riverside women were interviewed, as well as 260 women from urban areas, when the prevalence and the risk factors were studied. In addition, physical examination was carried out in order to verify genital prolapse and functional evaluation of the pelvic floor in each population. In the group of women with complaints of SUI a questionnaire on quality of life was applied (Kings Health Questionnaire) and also the conduction of an urodynamic study. In the group of riverside women the prevalence of SUI corresponded to 25,8% and in the urban group it was 20.0% (p > 0.05). In the evaluation of risk factors, parity, number of normal deliveries and home births were statistically higher in the riverside women group. In relation to the quality of life, significant difference in some domains was found (incontinency impact, limitation of the daily and physical activities, personal relations and emotion) and it was worse in the urban population

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Univ., 2008. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Submitted by Fabielle Cheuczuk (fabielle.cheuczuk@unioeste.br) on 2018-06-05T17:45:08Z No. of bitstreams: 2 DISSERTAÇÃO_ANÁLISE DOS FATORES DISCRIMINANTES DOS MUNICÍPIOS DA REGIÃO SUDOESTE DO PARANÁ NO PERÍODO 2000-2010.pdf: 2229053 bytes, checksum: 3c1765c7e54287f20dd9c2e131c3af48 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-05T17:45:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 DISSERTAÇÃO_ANÁLISE DOS FATORES DISCRIMINANTES DOS MUNICÍPIOS DA REGIÃO SUDOESTE DO PARANÁ NO PERÍODO 2000-2010.pdf: 2229053 bytes, checksum: 3c1765c7e54287f20dd9c2e131c3af48 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Along the time the humanity has been going by a series of changes, among those changes, is the urbanization phenomenon, that happens some times in a more intense way, other times more slowly, impelled by a series of different factors. For this reason, the objective of this research is to analyze for which reasons some municipal districts of the Southwest area of Paraná presented urban growth, being more dynamic, and others had negative rates of population growth. Therefore, it is sought to determine the factors that differentiate the municipalities with growth from those with negative growth, based on socioeconomic characteristics, considering two distinct periods - 2000 and 2010. This analysis was made from the Discriminant Analysis, dividing the 42 municipalities of the (group 1), stable (group 2) and depressed (group 3). Eight variables were selected from secondary data obtained through IPARDES. The results of the research show that the discrimination between municipalities occurs due to population concentration (population density) and the degree of industrialization. Both factors can become attractive to newcomers who are seeking better living conditions, better job opportunities, increased income and education, that is, in search of a better quality of life. / Ao longo do tempo a humanidade tem passado por uma série de mudanças, dentre essas mudanças, está o fenômeno de urbanização, que ocorre ora de modo mais intenso, ora mais lentamente, impulsionado por uma série de fatores diferentes. Por esta razão, o objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar por quais motivos alguns municípios da região sudoeste do Paraná apresentaram crescimento urbano, sendo mais dinâmicos, e outros tiveram taxas negativas de crescimento populacional. Sendo assim, busca-se determinar os fatores que diferenciam os municípios com crescimento daqueles com crescimento negativo, a partir de características socioeconômicas, considerando dois períodos distintos – 2000 e 2010. Esta análise foi feita a partir da Análise Discriminante, dividindo os 42 municípios da região sudoeste em três grupos: dinâmicos (grupo 1), estáveis (grupo 2) e deprimidos (grupo 3). Foram determinadas oito variáveis selecionadas a partir de dados secundários obtidos através do IPARDES. Os resultados da pesquisa demostram que a discriminação entre os municípios ocorre por conta da concentração populacional (densidade demográfica) e o grau de industrialização. Ambos os fatores podem se tornar atrativos para novos habitantes que estão em busca de melhores condições de vida, melhores oportunidades de trabalho, aumento de renda e educação, ou seja, em busca de uma qualidade de vida melhor.

O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar prevalência dos transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) e bebedores problemas (BP) e também a utilização de serviços, a partir de estudo seccional, populacional com amostragem aleatória. Incluiu-se sujeitos com 16 anos e mais, avaliando-se aspectos sócio-demográficos, uso de álcool, saúde mental e utilização de serviços. A prevalência de TMC foi 21,7%, de BP foi 4,4%. Na ultima quinzena 14,6% procuraram serviço de saúde. As prevalências observadas confirmam achados da literatura: TMC e BP são importantes problemas de saúde pública, com implicações para a organização de serviços e formação de recursos humanos / The aim of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) and problem drinking (PD), as well as health services use in an unselected populational sample. Subjects over 16 years were included and aspects related to socio-demographic characteristics, alcohol use, mental health and services use were studied. The prevalence of CMD was 21.7%, of PD 4.4%. In the two weeks preceeding the interview, 14.6% had used a health service. The results are in accordance with the literature: CMD and PD are important health problems, with implications for health services organization and formation of health professionals

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:02:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavio Andrade Neto.pdf: 1622891 bytes, checksum: ea4515289c9065fece25779bb74a29dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-22 / Currently there is the recognition that social influences on health operate under various processes and one of them may be the context in which the person lives. The increase in health promotion policies generates interest in implementing interventions at the individual and collective, but before that, it becomes necessary to understand the issues that affect behaviors related to sedentary lifestyle and level of physical activity in different populations. The aim of this study was to identify and analyze active and sedentary behaviors of schoolchildren of urban and rural regions of the Espírito Santo from two databases from the project "SAÚDES Santa Maria de Jetibá" and "SAÚDES Vitória", both aimed at the aspects of research related to nutrition and health of schoolchildren aged 7 to 10 years. The sample consisted of 1242 children from Vitória and 528 from Santa Maria de Jetibá, totaling 1770 students of both sexes. Information on physical activity and sedentary behaviors were obtained from validated questionnaire. Statistical tests were made using SPSS software version 17.0. Most of the children were female (55.1%), normal weight (79%), nonwhite (52%), socioeconomic class C (41%). There were significant differences in time spent on physical and sedentary activities among groups. Urban school meet less the limits of 2 and 4 hours of daily screen. Urban children, mostly, were also considered "not active enough" and have shorter average daily of physical activities. Was concluded that rural schoolchildren are more active and spend less time on screen devices. These findings can support the design of different strategies for achieving the goals of stimulus programs to physical activity and reducing sedentary time in urban and rural contexts / Atualmente há o reconhecimento de que as influências sociais sobre a saúde operam sob diversos processos e que um deles pode ser o contexto em que a pessoa vive. O aumento das políticas de promoção de saúde gera o interesse em implementar intervenções nos níveis individual e coletivo, mas antes disso, torna-se necessário compreender os aspectos que afetam comportamentos relacionados ao sedentarismo e ao nível de atividades físicas em populações distintas. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e analisar os comportamentos ativo e sedentário de escolares de regiões urbana e rural do Espírito Santo a partir de duas bases de dados provenientes dos projetos SAÚDES Santa Maria de Jetibá e SAÚDES Vitória , ambas voltadas para a investigação de aspectos relacionados à nutrição e saúde de escolares de 7 a 10 anos. A amostra foi constituída por 1.242 crianças de Vitória e 528 de Santa Maria de Jetibá, perfazendo 1.770 escolares de ambos os sexos. As informações sobre atividade física e comportamentos sedentários foram obtidas a partir de questionário validado. O plano analítico utilizou-se de testes estatísticos, por meio do software SPSS versão 17.0. A maioria das crianças era do sexo feminino (55,1%), eutróficas (79%), não brancas (52%), de classe socioeconômica C (41%). Foram encontradas diferenças significativas do tempo gasto com atividades físicas e sedentárias entre os grupos estudados. Escolares urbanos atendem menos aos limites de 2 horas e 4 horas de tempo de tela diariamente. Crianças urbanas, em sua maioria, também foram consideradas Ativo Insuficiente e têm menor tempo médio diário de atividades físicas. Conclui-se que escolares rurais são mais ativos e gastam menos tempo com dispositivos de tela. Tais achados podem subsidiar o delineamento de diferentes estratégias para o alcance dos objetivos de programas de estímulos às atividades físicas e redução de tempo sedentário nos contextos urbano e rural

Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 47-03, page: 1572. Adviser: Alanna Morrison. Includes bibliographical references.

Background and Purpose Low socioeconomic status (SES) populations as well as minorities are often exposed to a disproportionate number of hazardous chemical including hydrogen fluoride, benzene and formaldehyde (Bullard, 2008). The sources of these hazards may include noxious land uses such as incinerators and landfills, Superfund sites, Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) facilities, sewer and water treatment plants, and other locally unwanted land uses (Choi, Shim, Kaye, & Ryan, 2006). The disproportionate burden often results in increased exposure to harmful environmental conditions for affected communities (Wilson et al., 2014). The objectives of this study are to evaluate the relevance of demographic characteristics to (1) TRI facility location, (2) TRI chemical emissions, and (3) incidence and resolution of facility complaints. Methods The study area is the Atlanta Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), designated by the United States Office of Management and Budget is comprised of 20 counties. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the relative importance of race and socioeconomic variables in predicting whether a TRI facility was located in a census tract. We applied multiple regression models to examine the association between amount of air toxics released from TRI facilities in the census tract (dependent variable), the number of emissions from TRI facilities in the census tract and the amount of chemicals released per emission and socio-demographic variables at the census tract level. Additionally, multivariate ordinal logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between the number of complaints to toxic chemicals and time to resolution of complaints and the covariates (SES and race/ethnicity) at the census tract level. Results In multivariate models the odds ratio for the presence of a TRI facility is 0.89 (p=0.002) for each 1% increase of females with a college degree and 2.4 (p Discussion and Conclusion We found evidence of racial and socio-demographic disparities in the burden of TRI facilities and chemical emissions in the Atlanta MSA. We observed a trend for toxic chemicals emitted suggesting that more blacks and Hispanics were burdened by and potentially exposed to TRI facilities than were Whites. There was only one predictor, percentage of females with a college degree, where we observed an inverse and statistically significant association with the amount of chemical emissions in pounds. We also found evidence that of potential differences in regulation processes of TRI facilities. Overall, results indicate that race/ethnicity and socioeconomic composition play a role in TRI facility siting and TRI facility emissions indicating burden disparities for low-SES populations as well as non-Whites in the Atlanta MSA. These results are similar to results presented in the environmental justice literature.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2004. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 183-207).

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2010.