China has undergone rapid urbanisation over the last few decades, involving both migration into urban areas and the geographical expansion of urban areas. While we know that both migration and urbanisation have a bidirectional relationship with health, this relationship has only been studied to a limited extent in China. In particular, the exiting literature has neglected the effects of migration and urbanisation on health and well-being in later life, instead focusing on the relationship between these outcomes over the short term in relation to temporary rural-to-urban movements. Using an inter-disciplinary approach, drawing literature from economics, epidemiology and sociology, this thesis conceptualises and examines the association between different forms of migration and their relationship with later life health and well-being. It then compares these relationships with the impact of the geographical expansion of urban areas on those who do not migrate, but consequently become urbanised. It then attempts to draw conclusions on likely causal processes. To do this, I use the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), a nationally representative and multi-disciplinary dataset that examines the circumstances of the Chinese population aged over 45 years old. Moreover, using the structure of the dataset, this thesis is able to independently study migration and urbanisation processes. The results show that there are strong associations between migration status and later life health and well-being in China, with migrations to or within urban areas having the largest positive effects, these hold even after accounting for selective features of migration. Moreover, the results show there are no significant differences in health and well-being in later life between return migrants and non-migrants; although return migration seems to positively relate to risky health behaviours in later life. In addition, the results show that urbanisation in China has largely exogenous and positive impacts on health and well-being. This thesis contributes to the literature by examining different forms of migrations in China and showing how these migrations may relate to health and well-being in later life. The results highlight the need to study return migration and urbanisation along with studying migration in China in order to understand the impacts of migration on health and well-being, as these processes may have impacts on the relationship between migration and health and well-being too.

The exponential growth of the world population led by the geographic expansion of urban areas in developing countries has put massive pressure on natural resources especially land and water. Water supply and water scarcity remain one of the major challenges facing the industrializing world. The United Nations forecast further increase in population which, in the absence of management and policies, will inevitably put more resources at risk. Changing climatic conditions causing more frequent and intense rainfall will also affect water management systems in the vulnerable urban areas of developing countries. The goal of this study was twofold; first analyze the patterns of water consumption in the rapidly growing city of Lagos, Nigeria and use them in a System Dynamics (SD) model to make projections about future demand. The second part used remote sensing to quantify the contribution of extensive land use/cover change to urban flooding. Land use/cover dynamics over the past decade was analyzed using satellite imagery provided by Landsat Thematic Mapping (TM). Unsupervised classification was performed with false color composite using the Iterative Self-Organizing Data Analysis (ISODATA) technique in a Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The study area was divided into four different land use types during image classification: bare land, built-up area, water bodies, and vegetation. For water demand, two different scenarios of population growth including 5.5% and 2.75 % annual increase were considered. The results showed that water demand dropped by 67% of its current value when losses in distribution were reduced by 20% and population annual growth rate kept at 2.75% over the study period. Bare land and water bodies lost 1.31% and 1.61% of their current area respectively while built-up area grew by 1.11%. These changes in land use/cover changes led to a 64% increase in average surface runoff, mostly attributable to increasing surface imperviousness and the absence of an adequate urban drainage system. This paper intends to assist the authorities of the city of Lagos who adopted a master plan in 2010 as a road map to reduce to city’s vulnerability to flooding and close the gap between water demand and water supply by 2050.

De forma quase unânime ao longo do tempo, nas caracterizações a respeito de Esteio – tenham elas sido feitas por órgãos de Estado ou entes privados – foram empregadas “abordagens contextuais”, destacando a relação de um município inserido nos processos vivenciados de maneira mais intensa, ao menos nos últimos setenta anos, com a consolidação do eixo metropolitano: “vocação industrial”, “cidade do trabalho e do progresso”, “posição de destaque na região metropolitana”, “no coração da região metropolitana”, “distante 25km da Capital”. Tais análises da forma costumeiramente apresentadas, em si não se bastam, deixando em segundo plano a perspectiva centrada nas transformações internas de Esteio, ou melhor, de como a trama “intra-municipal” respondeu ao transcorrerem todos esses processos de urbanização e industrialização metropolitanos. O município apresenta independência administrativa relativamente recente (emancipa-se de São Leopoldo, em 1955) e está no “epicentro” da Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre, entre os dois polos econômicos historicamente mais diversificados, o que o posiciona em redes de interação e integração relevantes com circuitos econômicos mais ativos Esse posicionamento, entretanto, se dá mediante uma localização determinada e historicamente estável, principalmente se considerarmos o que é a área central do município. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo, então, tentar suprir uma lacuna no tratamento dado a Esteio; partindo de uma visão centrada no município, entender os processos de organização e configuração do espaço urbano esteiense, buscando colocar em evidência qual o papel representado pela indústria no desenrolar dos mesmos. Para tanto, propõe-se uma divisão em “Momentos”, levando em consideração os sistemas técnicos instalados, e partindo disso o desenrolar das diferentes fases (aparecimento, sucessão, manutenção) das formas e configurações no espaço esteiense. / Almost unanimously over the time, in the characterizations about Esteio - were developed by state agencies or private entities - "contextual approaches" were employed, highlighting a relation of a municipality inserted in the processes experienced in a more intense way, at least in the last 70 years, with a consolidation of the metropolitan axis: "industrial vocation", "city of work and progress", "outstanding position in the metropolitan region", "in the heart of the metropolitan region", "distant 25km from the Capital". Such analyzes of form as are usually presented are not enough, leaving behind the perspective centered on the internal transformations of Esteio, or rather, on how the "intra-municipal" arrangement responded to all those processes of urbanization and metropolitan industrialization The Municipality has relatively recent administrative independence (emancipated from São Leopoldo in 1955) and is in the "epicenter" of the Poro Alegre Metropolitan Region, between the two historically more diversified economic poles, which positions in relevant networks of interaction and integration with more active economic circuits. This positioning, however, occurs through a determined and historically stable location, especially if we consider what is the central area of the municipality. The main goal of the present work is to try to fill a gap in the treatment given to Esteio; assuming a centered vision on the municipality, to understand the processes of organization and configuration of Esteio’s urban space, trying to highlight the role played by the industry in the development of them. In order to do so, it is proposed to division in "Moments", considering the technical systems installed, and starting from this the development of the different phases (appearance, succession, maintenance) of the forms and configurations in the Esteio's space.

This thesis deals with the socio-economic and environmental aspects of urban space in general and in Tabor separately. An important task is to show the process of urbanization and suburbanization, which is one of the characteristic features of today. For documentation and clarification of these aspects I have chosen the method of photographs and surveys with Citizen of the cities. These two methods represent an objective and subjective assessment of quality of life in Tabor cities.

O aumento da população urbana impõe ao Estado um dever que é também um desafio: criar alternativas de moradia sem degradar o meio ambiente. O objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar que existe vasto arcabouço normativo sobre a matéria, em que é possível encontrar diversos instrumentos legais criados com vistas a democratizar o espaço urbano, tornando as cidades mais democráticas. Entretanto, com frequência, o interesse público é capturado pelos interesses privados e o mercado passa a conduzir a política urbana, utilizando os instrumentos jurídicos para auferir benefícios que se transformarão em lucro privado e prejuízo coletivo. Diante da incapacidade ou omissão dos agentes estatais em assegurar tais direitos coletivos, resta ao Poder Judiciário atuar no sentido de assegurar esses direitos fundamentais, constitucionalmente garantidos. A análise da jurisprudência recente brasileira mostra que, num contexto de urbanização acelerada, injusta e insustentável, esse é um caminho necessário e possível. / The increase of the urban population imposes to the State a duty that is also a challenge: to create housing alternatives, without degrading the environment. The aim of this study is to show that there is a vast group of rules about this theme, in which is possible to find diverse legal instruments created to democratize the urban space, becoming cities more democratic. However, frequently, the public interest is captured by the private interests and the market starts to lead the urban politics, using the legal instruments to gain benefits that will change into private profit and collective damage. Because of the incapacity or omission of the state agents in assuring such collective rights, it remains to the Judiciary to act in the direction to assure these basic rights, constitutionally guaranteed. The analysis of the recent Brazilian jurisprudence demonstrates that, in context of an accelerated, unfair and unsustainable urbanization, this is a necessary and possible way.

abstract: Peri-urbanization is a process in which previously rural areas on the outskirts of established cities become more urban in character. This process is of great significance in China, because peri-urbanization is often manufacturing and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) driven. After witnessing the dramatic development of the Eastern Coastal Region from the mid-1980s, China recently changed its regional development focus to interior regions to pursue more spatial equity within the nation. Wuhan, as the most populous city in central China, is experiencing significant peri-urbanization. The thesis focuses on Dongxihu District, a representative peri-urban area in Wuhan Municipality. To explore peri-urbanization in Dongxihu, this study first documents the metrics of ongoing peri-urbanization in the District from land use, economic, demographic and institutional perspectives. Causality is explored by relating peri-urban outcomes to drivers within the framework of research questions, namely: (i) What is driving peri-urban change in Dongxihu? (ii) Which drivers of peri-urbanization in the District are most important? (iii) How can Dong Xi Hu's peri-urbanization process and outcomes best be characterized? and (iv) What policy implications can be drawn from Dong Xi Hu's peri-urbanization experience? The primary conclusion is that Dongxihu's peri-urbanization is primarily manufacturing driven, resembling previous first generation peri-urbanization on the coast more than the more diverse peri-urban outcomes now emerging in wealthy coastal metropolitan areas, e.g., Shanghai. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Urban and Environmental Planning 2016

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-10-07Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:51:31Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 lima_vma_me_bauru.pdf: 470251 bytes, checksum: 80b697f01583ca46174889b1804fcfbe (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Esta dissertação tem por finalidade discutir a configuração jornalística da revista Ocas, e suas imbricações com as relações sociais que delineiam o projeto social que a sustenta, a Organização Civil de Ação Social (OCAS). Para atingir tal objetivo a dissertação parte do estudo da configuração do espaço urbano e as contradições e tensões inerentes ao seu desenvolvimento, buscando pontuar o papel da comunicação nesse contexto e a sua relação com as principais características do fenômeno da urbanização. Em seguida, são apresentadas as principais discussões em torno da conceituação de experiências comunicativas que se pretendem críticas ou alternativas no contexto social na contemporaneidade, buscando localizar, dentre os vários conceitos apresentados, o objeto deste estudo. Por fim, utilizando-se os recursos metodológicos da análise de conteúdo, complementada pela análise de enquadramento, são analisadas duas seções específicas da revista Ocas - as reportagens de capa e a seção Cabeça sem teto - nas edições que circularam nos anos de 2009 e 2010. A partir da leitura e descrição dos textos analisados, este estudo faz uma caracterização da prática jornalística em questão, revelando as estratégias que a publicação utiliza para estruturar sua atuação social, cujo principal objetivo é oferecer à população em situação de rua e/ou risco social possibilidades de obtenção de renda e superação da exclusão, além de configurar uma forma de visibilidade para tal conjuntura / This dissertation aims to discuss the journalistic settings in Ocas magazine and its connections with the social relations that shape the social project which supports it - the Civil Organization for Social Action (OCAS). To achieve this goal, we study the urban space configuration and the contradictions and tensions inherent to its development, in order to measure the role of communications in this context and its relations to the main features of the urbanization phenomenon. Then, we present the main discussions on publications that have experienced a kind communication based on criticism, also named alternative, in the contemporary social context, to define, among the many concepts presented, this object of study. Eventually, using the content analysis methodology, complemented by the framework analysis, two specfic sections of Ocas magazine are analyzed - the cover stories and that one named 'Cabeça sem teto' (Homeless Head', in a free translation) - throughout the edition that circulated in 2009 and 2010. From the reading and description of the texts analyzed, this study presents a characterization of the journalistic practices found on them, showing the strategies that the publication uses for structuring its social performance. Its main goal is to offer, to the homeless people and/or people at social risk, opportunities to obtain incomes, overcome exclusion and raise visibility to their situation

Submitted by Mariana Rossi null (rsi.mariana@gmail.com) on 2016-11-14T14:27:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Mariana Rossi.pdf: 9392401 bytes, checksum: 9b5e2b72a79ce4267f500e48c7de6fba (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-11-21T12:12:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rossi_m_me_bauru.pdf: 9392401 bytes, checksum: 9b5e2b72a79ce4267f500e48c7de6fba (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-21T12:12:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rossi_m_me_bauru.pdf: 9392401 bytes, checksum: 9b5e2b72a79ce4267f500e48c7de6fba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-14 / Diante da observação de novas formas de organização e transformação da paisagem da cidade contemporânea nas últimas décadas, este trabalho propõe um olhar atento a fenômenos recentes que se caracterizam pela dispersão e descontinuidade do tecido urbano, relacionando-se, em geral, a tendências de privatização de atividades e serviços originalmente ligados à esfera pública. Nesse sentido, percebe-se que a proliferação de espaços residenciais de caráter privativo – como condomínios e loteamentos fechados – tem sido um importante agente transformador da paisagem, à medida que aponta para novos valores socioculturais, mudanças na concepção do desenho da cidade e na relação entre seu espaço e os habitantes. Este trabalho toma como estudo de caso uma unidade de paisagem na zona sul do município de Bauru, centro-oeste paulista, onde se vem observando um processo de expansão urbana caracterizada pela implantação de condomínios e loteamentos fechados. Através de uma abordagem que leva em conta a leitura da paisagem como método de investigação, buscou-se a compreensão desse contexto a partir do conjunto de interações entre o território, os aspectos morfológicos e os culturais, partindo da hipótese de que as transformações relacionadas à urbanização fechada no município de Bauru associam-se a um processo de fragmentação da paisagem, caracterizado por fatores como interrupções no traçado urbano, fragmentos de urbanização fechados para o exterior, e surgimento de novos padrões de expressão da diferenciação social na cidade. A complementaridade entre as chaves de leitura da paisagem propostas no trabalho permitiu evidenciar importantes relações entre morfologia e transformações socioculturais, mostrando que, com a urbanização fechada, surgem também novas práticas no que diz respeito ao consumo e ao convívio social na cidade contemporânea, cujas referências extrapolam, cada vez mais, os limites administrativos municipais, mas sim encontram sentido no contexto da internacionalização cultural, conhecida como globalização. / When facing new forms of organization and transformation of the contemporary city landscape in recent decades, this work proposes a closer look at the recent cases which are characterized by the dispersion and discontinuity of urban fabric, generally related to tendencies of privatization of activities and services originally associated to the public sphere. Thus, we can see that the proliferation of private character residential spaces – such as gated communities and enclosed settlements - is an important agent on landscape transforming, as it points to new socio-cultural values, changes in city´s design conception and the relationship between its space and inhabitants. This work is a case study of a landscape unit in the south of the city of Bauru, Midwest of São Paulo State, where it has been noticing an urban expansion process characterized by enclosed condominiums and settlement implementation. Through an approach that takes into account the concept of landscape as a research method, we search to understand this process from the set of interactions between the territory, the morphological and cultural aspects. It is assumed theoretically that the changes related to closed urbanization in Bauru are associated with a landscape fragmentation process, characterized by factors such as urban fabric interruptions, urbanization fragments closed to the outside, and the appearance of new expression patterns of social differentiation in town. The complementarity between the keys for landscape reading proposed in the work allowed to show important relations between morphology and socio-cultural transformations, showing that, with closed urbanization, also new practices emerge with regard to consumption and social life in the contemporary city, whose references extrapolate, more and more, municipal administrative boundaries, but rather find meaning in the context of cultural internationalization, known as globalization.

Orientador: João Carlos Soares Zuin / Banca: Rafael Alves Orsi / Banca: Luciana Bongiovanni Martins Schenk / Resumo: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo elucidar a relação entre o processo de urbanização na cidade de Araraquara e a precarização da vida no conjunto habitacional localizado no bairro São Rafael. A correlação destes dois fatores no espaço urbano de uma cidade média no interior paulista impossibilita a constituição da cidadania plena, tendo como conseqüência, o desenvolvimento da subcidadania, do estigma e das diversas formas de patologias sociais. A exclusão social, oriunda da denegação de direitos sociais fundamentais, suscita a permanência da luta por reconhecimento empreendida por grupos sociais historicamente segregados e estigmatizados, que visam restabelecer vínculos sociais negados ou rompidos. A partir da luta por reconhecimento da dignidade e da identidade pessoal e coletiva dos moradores do São Rafael, buscamos, através de entrevistas, compreender a percepção dos moradores em relação ao sentido e significado da "vida boa" e da "vida prejudicada" / Abstract: This study aims to elucidate the relationship between the process of urbanization in the city of Araraquara and the precariousness of life in the housing estate located in the San Rafael neighborhood. The correlation of these two factors in the urban space of an average city in the interior prevents the establishment of full citizenship, and as a consequence, the development of undercitizenship, stigma and the various forms of social pathologies. Social exclusion, arising from the denial of fundamental social rights, raises the continuing struggle for recognition undertaken by social groups historically segregated and stigmatized, aimed at restoring denied or broken social bonds. From the struggle for recognition of the dignity and personal and collective identity of the residents of San Rafael, seek, through interviews, to understand the perception of residents regarding the meaning and significance of the "good life" and "impaired life" / Mestre

Orientador: Leandro Eugenio da Silva Cerri / Banca: Oswaldo Augusto Filho / Banca: José Luis Ridente Junior / Banca: Maria Giovane Parizzi / Banca: Fábio Augusto Gomes Vieira Reis / Resumo: A ocorrência de processos da geodinâmica interna e externa em áreas ocupadas pode provocar sérios acidentes geológicos que afetam diretamente o homem, inclusive com o registro de mortes e de grandes prejuízos econômicos. O processo de urbanização levou ao crescimento das cidades em muitas áreas impróprias à ocupação, aumentando as situações de perigo e de risco a desastres naturais. Em alguns municípios brasileiros foram elaborados Planos Municipais de Redução de Riscos (PMRR) que é apresentado na forma de um relatório, onde são delimitados os setores de risco. A partir da elaboração do PMRR, os gestores de riscos geológicos podem implantar as intervenções necessárias para que se possa diminuir ou eliminar o risco assim que possível. Para a implantação dessas intervenções, o especialista responsável pelo mapeamento sugere a priorização das áreas que serão contempladas com as obras de redução ou eliminação do risco. Vale ressaltar que, apesar do julgamento do especialista ser criterioso, a decisão quanto à priorização das alternativas de intervenção é subjetiva. Não há como eliminar essa subjetividade, mas o uso de técnicas de tomada de decisão possibilita avaliar se o raciocínio do especialista é coerente, ou seja, se seu julgamento é lógico quando avalia a importância relativa de cada condicionante utilizado para a priorização das intervenções. Uma das primeiras técnicas desenvolvidas para múltiplos critérios é a AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process). Assim, o objetivo dessa pesquisa foi verificar se a utilização da AHP contribui para que os resultados da indicação das áreas prioritárias para implantação de intervenções podem ser considerados mais coerentes do que nas situações em que a priorização se dá sem... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Occurrence of geodynamic processes in the occupied areas can cause serious geological accident that affect humans, including the registration of deaths and enormous economic losses. The process of urbanization has led to the growth of cities in many areas unsuitable for occupancy, increasing the danger and risk to natural disasters. In some municipalities have been prepared Plano Municipais de Redução de Risco (PMRR) that appears in the form of a report, which are delimited sectors at risk. With the development of PMRR, risk managers can deploy necessary interventions that can reduce or eliminate the risk as soon as possible. For implementation of these interventions, the specialist responsible of mapping suggests the prioritization of areas to be covered with works by reducing or eliminating the risk. Despite the judgment of experts to be careful, the decision on the prioritization of alternative intervention is subjective. There is no way to eliminate this subjectivity, but the use of technical decisionmaking is important to evaluate whether the expert's reasoning is consistent, that is, if his judgment is logical when assessing the relative importance of each condition used for the prioritization of interventions. One of the first techniques developed for multiple criteria is the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process). Thus, the objective of this research was to determine whether the use of AHP contributes to the results of the indication of priority areas for implementation of interventions can be considered more consistent than in situations where the priority is given without the use of techniques for making decision. For this, it was selected some PMRR's made in Caraguatatuba Cubatão Itapecerica da Serra, Suzano and São Paulo, it was included geological risks associated with landslides and washouts of banks of streams... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor