It is widely known that the textile industry is a large polluter and that fast fashion in particular has sustainability issues. Meanwhile, second-hand stores struggle to sell their products in Europe, leading to most clothes either being exported and/or landfilled. This issue is partially driven by costumers not knowing what performance they can expect from second-hand products. In this study, the water repellency of used hardshell jackets will be evaluated with the goal of proving that second-hand products still have enough performance for reuse. This implies that prolonging the lifetime of waterproof jackets is possible, which will reduce CO2 emissions. Various standards are evaluated and a new method, dubbed the stream impact test is defined, trialed and compared to results from the ISO 4920 spray test. In order to estimate the full potential of reusing jackets, the effects of rejuvenating used jackets, by washing the mand using water repellent spray, are also tested. The current standards for aging fabric used by the industry to prove the durability of water repellency will be evaluated using both the ISO 4920 spray test and the new stream impact test. The testing concludes that while the new method has certain issues, it does achieve it’s core objectives and provides a new perspective on the water repellency of new, used and rejuvenated fabrics. It also shows that, on average, rejuvenating jackets has a good effect on the water repellency of jackets and that. During the testing of used jackets with the stream impact method, jackets are found with water repellent properties between those of new fabric and very old fabric. This suggests that there are jackets with a lot of technical performance left that are discarded, which would be ideal for reuse and allowing the clothing industry to become more sustainable.

<div><div><div><p>The purpose of this project was to investigate and propose a solution to gaps identified in existing paradigms for buying and selling secondhand goods online. Through a review of existing literature, the secondhand market was explored together with the variety of reasons for individuals’ participation. Different modes of collaborative consumption and some of the challenges unique to peer-to-peer markets were also examined. A computational approach to identifying items and actions within digital media was reviewed in support of the proposed solution. Research discoveries uncovered through directional surveys, semi-structured interviews, and an analysis of peer products were summarized. These discoveries were consolidated into a list of requirements, including 1) being able to sell many items at once, 2) disbursing items quickly and with minimal effort, 3) making lower value items worth selling, 4) establishing and maintaining trust by designing for safety and encouraging quality, and 5) reducing the need for communication between buyers and sellers by managing the sale, condition, and inventory status. After multiple rounds of concept development, a principal direction based upon the “make me move” concept in the real estate industry was selected. Combined with panoramic images, the resulting solution relied on computer-driven tagging of items for sale. This allowed many items to be listed at once through a single image while making it possible for buyers to find and place offers. Offers were suggested in lieu of bids or an immediate checkout process to avoid some of the negative, bid-related behaviors and minimize the communication required to complete a sale. An interactive prototype was created to evaluate the concept and usability via online user testing, which included surveys and cognitive walkthroughs. The results were analyzed and prioritized to refine the final details of the solution. Overall, I demonstrated a unique concept for buying and selling secondhand goods which supports selling many items, efficiently and safely, while eliminating much of the back and forth communication required to facilitate transactions on many existing platforms.</p></div></div></div>

La société Autobiz édite et diffuse de l’information sur le secteur automobile. Cette thèse contribue à l’enrichissement de cette information et à une meilleure compréhension du marché de l’occasion par l’élaboration des modèles de prédiction du prix des véhicules et du délai de vente qui leur est associé. Nous avons eu à notre disposition une base de données réelles constituée d’annonces de sources diverses induisant un nombre considérable d’outliers. Ainsi, la première partie de travail s’est consacrée à la construction de méthodes de détection d’outliers incluant aussi bien de simples règles empiriques qu’un test statistique dont les propriétés asymptotiques ont été étudiées. Partant d’un état de l’art sur la prédiction des prix des véhicules d’occasion, il est apparu que les études existantes soulèvent le besoin de fonder une méthodologie d’analyse plus rigoureuse. Cette méthodologie a été développée dans un objectif de proposer des solutions automatisables et adaptées aux contraintes imposées par les experts. Nous faisons alors l’hypothèse que les prix des véhicules d’une même version se déprécient en fonction de l’âge et du kilométrage selon une forme qui lui est propre. La dernière partie du travail est dédiée à l’analyse des délais de vente. Dans un premier temps, nous caractérisons la variable associée aux délais de vente. Ensuite nous proposons une modélisation de cette variable par une régression à l’échelle d’un segment correspondant à l’arborescence marque-modèle-carrosserie-énergie en fonction des variables liées au kilométrage, au prix et à l’âge. Enfin, nous discutons de la possibilité de modéliser le nombre de véhicules vendus dans une période donnée selon une loi binomiale négative. / Autobiz publishes information on the automotive sector. The subject of this the-sis is to give more tools for best understanding the used cars market by proposing modeling the price and the sale duration of vehicles. In our disposal we have a dataset consisted of used car advertisements automatically collected from the most popular website in France. Such data records often include outlying values. So, we need to start our analysis by considering outliers problem and we propose an outliers detector for univariate case for which we study asymptotic properties. Next, we develop a predicting model for used cars price. Although enumerable amount of works are stored in the literature we see that each of them lacks rigorous statistical foundations. We investigate the relationships between the price, the mileage, the age and others vehicle characteristics. More precisely we discuss how incorporate these variables in a model and compare different modeling approaches with the object to find the one best fitting the dataset and easy to implement. Expert’s opinions are minded at different stages of the model-building process. Next, we identify variables and how they affect the probability of a used vehicle’s sale from a list of explanatory variables related to price, mileage and age. In the sequel, we build a model allowing predicting the sale duration. Finally, we discuss about modeling sales of used cars by using the negative binomial distribution.

No description available.

"It is the purpose of this study to determine the type of appeal, the size and cost, the plan of insertions, and the extent superlatives are used in The Dallas Morning News used car advertisements of twenty automobile dealers during the month of April. Fourteen advertising appeals were used by the twenty automobile dealers advertising in The Dallas Morning News in the month of April. The fourteen appeals used were: efficiency, friendliness, style, curiosity, safety, convenience-comfort, economy reliability-reputation, durability-dependability, social distinction, fear-caution, ambition, pleasure, and family affection. The economy was the one most used appeal by the dealer. As shown in Table 12, the number of advertising appeals used corresponds or exceeds very little the total number of advertising insertions. Excepting one case, the dealers place the largest advertisements in the Sunday paper. The general procedure was that of placing large advertisements in the Sunday paper and smaller ones throughout the week. The total cost for the twenty automobile dealers was $6,452.08. The total advertising cost per dealer ranged from $38.20 to $1613.81. Only nine of the twenty dealers used superlatives in advertising during the month of April. The nine dealers used nine different superlatives for a total of 281 times."--leaves 1 and 35.

Angel Jones Artist Statement My mixed media collages address issues concerning the outcast, the overlooked, and the underprivileged. My inspirations come from what I experience and perceive around me. My purpose in life is to use my art to address social issues that involve children. For example, I focus my attention on issues ranging from homelessness to mental illness. I am passionate about how vital these concerns are to our success as human beings. To express my ideas, I layer a variety of materials and textiles. The materials include fragments of photographs, drawings, and objects. The textiles include articles of clothing and fabrics. Recurring symbols and imagery link the individual pieces together. The theme of each work determines the materials and media. While doing research for a piece, new social issues often surface and lead to the next piece.

In my thesis I focus on the in-store marketing from the perspective of the supplier. In the methodological section, I will describe a brief history of this form of advertising, how it developed and where it is going. Because we are in the B2B segment I will subscribe the marketing mix and compare it with the B2C segment. I will introduce the technological tools that are used in this field of business, procedures for the preparation of funds, cooperation with clients, production processes. I will observe the new trends in the present and introduce what to expect in the future. The practical part will present the company Willson & Brown, which has been for many years active in the in - store marketing business designer, manufacturer and supplier of POS materials. I will describe the company's products, technologies that are used in the production. Using the SWOT analysis, I will find out what the strengths and weaknesses of the firm are and what are the opportunities and threats that can challenge the company. I will usea research that was conducted among clients at European level and I will evaluate it. Using the SWOT analysis and the results from the research I will recommend a solution that can help the company grown and possibly lead the European POS market.

A implantação de uma rede de Logística Reversa (LR) é fundamental em modelos de negócio Sistema Produto-Serviço (PSS) para o retorno, recuperação e maximização da vida útil de peças e componentes. Ambos os sistemas, LR e PSS, necessitam ser projetados a partir da perspectiva do consumidor para serem bem-sucedidos, pois o envolvimento prévio com o usuário possibilita o desenvolvimento de soluções especificas que atendem às suas demandas. Porém, há uma escassez de estudos que destacam as atividades de LR em um contexto de PSS, assim como o papel e a relevância do usuário. Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa busca compreender as necessidades do usuário na LR em um PSS, considerando como produto de análise o equipamento eletromédico bomba de infusão. Para isso, realizou-se um estudo de caso inicial com uma empresa que manufatura e comercializa dispositivos médicos no Brasil. Além disso, múltiplos estudos de caso foram realizados em organizações da área da saúde para a coleta in loco de necessidades relacionadas ao contexto de uso e retorno do equipamento. Como resultado, identificou-se quatro serviços que envolvem atividades de LR no modelo de negócio PSS. Vinte e cinco problemas que interferem diretamente e indiretamente a LR foram analisados para o entendimento em profundidade das necessidades dos usuários. O estudo ainda apresenta quais são os principais desafios e dificuldades de um fornecedor de PSS para operacionalizar a LR. Os resultados indicam que a ausência de agilidade no processo de retorno do produto pode propiciar situações críticas internas ao hospital referente à falta de equipamentos. A realização do inventário de equipamentos ao término do contrato de PSS pode gerar situações estressantes para todos os stakeholders envolvidos no processo. / The implementation of a Reverse Logistics network (RL) is important in Product-Service Systems (PSS) business model for returning, recovering and maximizing the life span of parts and components. Both systems, RL and PSS, need to be designed from the perspective of the consumer to be successful because the prior involvement with users seeks to achieve better solutions to satisfy their specific demands. However, there is a lack of studies that highlight RL activities in a PSS context, as well as the role and relevance of users. In this sense, this research aims to understand users\' needs in reverse logistics in a PSS, considering as main product the electromedical infusion pump. For this, I conducted a case study with a company that manufactures and markets medical devices throughout Brazil. In addition, five other case studies were carried out in health organizations for in situ collection of needs related to the context of use and return of the equipment. As a result, four services involving RL activities were identified in the PSS business model. Also, twenty-five problems that directly and indirectly interfere the operation of RL were analyzed for an in-depth understanding of users\' needs. The study further presents the main challenges and difficulties of a PSS provider to operationalize the LR. The results indicate that the absence of agility in the LR process can lead to critical situations inside the hospital regarding the lack of equipment. The inventory of equipment at the end of the PSS contract can generate stressful situations for all stakeholders involved in the process.

Este trabalho visou diagnosticar a situação do problema da moradia no município de São Paulo, bem como a sua evolução recente nas três últimas décadas, tomando como ponto de partida a contextualização da formação socioespacial da qual a cidade é parte; analisar os tipos de enfrentamento aos problemas de moradia implementados pelo município de São Paulo após 1988 e as possíveis relações das ações em habitação realizadas no espaço da cidade com a entrada em vigor da atual Constituição Federal - neste sentido, apresentamos um quadro geral das ações municipais para melhorar o acesso da população pobre à moradia, dentre as implementadas nas gestões que se deram após 1988; e por fim, realizamos trabalho de campo e estudo sobre o Programa de Arrendamento Residencial (PAR) na cidade de São Paulo, seus desafios e suas potencialidades a serem exploradas. No percurso elaboramos uma análise e reflexão geral a respeito dos tipos de programas habitacionais formulados e implementados pelo município de São Paulo (SEHAB e COHAB) após 1988, para enfrentar a insuficiência de acesso à moradia digna. Desenvolvemos também os seguintes temas: a importância dada à habitação de interesse social nas diferentes gestões; o papel dos financiamentos - sua influência nas ações do poder público local; o papel da participação popular - sua influência nas ações do poder público local; e as transformações no território usado da cidade relacionadas às ações municipais na habitação. O Programa de Arrendamento Residencial (PAR) nos interessou em especial porque é o único programa público que trabalha com arrendamento implementado no município de São Paulo. O fato de ser arrendamento com opção de compra permite tornar a aquisição de um imóvel mais acessível às famílias, por não necessitar de depósito inicial e pelo fato de o valor da mensalidade ser próximo ao valor de um aluguel. Além disso, justamente por combinar as vantagens de compra e aluguel, o PAR nos pareceu minimizar uma série de questões negativas associadas à compra de imóvel público. Nossa pesquisa esteve voltada constantemente à reflexão sobre as possibilidades concretas de ampliar cada vez mais o acesso à moradia digna para todas e todos em São Paulo. Procuramos avaliar que caminhos persistem como válidos, que outros precisam ser postos em prática e que alternativas de ação estão postas. Procuramos também definir critérios de avaliação de programas habitacionais que contribuam para a escolha de ações consistentes de melhoria. O processo de análise tratou do conhecimento da categoria sintética de nossa disciplina: o espaço. Buscamos revelar as transformações no território usado da cidade em questão e propor mudanças significativas para o uso do espaço, para o desenvolvimento social, político, econômico e humano, entre outros, da formação socioespacial na qual estamos inseridos. / This work aimed to diagnose the present actual dwelling conditions in the municipality of Sao Paulo, in addition to its recent evolution during the last three decades, considering the contextualization of the social spatial formation to which the city belongs as a starting point; to analyze all the programmes implemented by the municipality of Sao Paulo since 1988 to tackle the dwelling problems and the possible relations of the actions towards housing carried out in the city space with the working-out of the present Federal Constitution - in that sense, we presented a general overview of the municipal actions intended to improve access to dwelling, among those implemented in the municipal administrations after 1988; lastly, we carried out a field work and a study about the Programa de Arrendamento Residencial (PAR) in Sao Paulo city, its challenges and potentialities to be explored. In our path, we formulated an analysis and general reflection about the different kinds of housing programmes designed and implemented by the municipal authority in Sao Paulo (SEHAB and COHAB), since 1988, to tackle the insufficient access to decent dwelling. We developed also the following themes: the importance given to social-interest housing in different municipal administrations; the role of the financing rules - its influence on the actions of the local public authority; the role of the popular participation - its influence in the actions of the local public authority; and the transformations in the used territory (território usado) of the city related to the municipal actions in housing. Our special interest in the Programa de Arrendamento Residencial (PAR) relies in the fact that it is the only public programme implemented in the city of Sao Paulo that works with leasing. The fact of being leasing, with the option to buy, makes the buying of a house more accessible to families, once it does not require an initial deposit and also because the monthly payment is quite similar to rent prices. Furthermore, precisely because it combines the advantages of owning and renting, it seemed to us to be an option capable of minimizing negative issues associated with the acquisition of public housing. The aim conducting our research was constantly directed towards the consideration about all the concrete possibilities to further extend the access to decent housing for all citizens in the city of Sao Paulo. We looked for means to evaluate ways that persist valid, others that have to be carried out and which alternatives of actions are placed. We also looked for the definition of criteria to evaluate housing programmes that can contribute to the choice of consistent actions of improvement. The analysis process dealt with the knowledge of the synthetic category of our discipline: the space. We looked for to disclose the transformations in the used territory (território usado) of the city in analysis and to consider significant changes for the use of the space, to the human, economic, political and social development, among others, of the social spatial formation of which we are part.

The kit fox (Vulpes macrotis) is a species of conservation concern in western North America. Recent methods for monitoring populations of kit fox include using lures and remote cameras in an occupancy-modeling framework and habitat modeling to predict areas of occupancy. In chapter one, we tested the optimal lure and movement procedure for scent stations to maximize visits and detection of foxes, thereby improving estimates of occupancy. Between May 2015 and October 2016, we placed remote cameras at 522 random locations throughout nine study areas in the Colorado Plateau, Great Basin Desert, and Mojave Desert. Each location was randomly assigned one of three methods (Scented Predator Survey Disks, cotton swabs, or hollowed golf ball) to broadcast one of three lure types (Red and Gray Fox liquid lure, Willey liquid lure, and fatty acid lure). After seven nights, half of all stations were moved 100 meters within the same sample grid cell, while the others remained in the same location. Stations were then monitored for an additional week. We used Program MARK and AIC model selection to identify optimal lure types and broadcast methods and to estimate rates of occupancy. Detection of kit foxes differed by method of scent deployment; cotton swabs were associated with the highest rates of visitation. Detection of kit foxes did not differ by lure type. Relocating the scent station after one week did not influence detection probability. We suggest that the use of cotton swabs maximizes detection, and therefore, the precision of estimates of occupancy. For chapter two, we used resource selection functions to identify variables that best discriminated between locations where kit fox were detected and random locations. We then produced a habitat map that predicted the relative probability of kit foxes occurring across seven study areas throughout the state of Utah. We placed remote cameras at 458 randomly selected locations throughout the study areas in the Colorado Plateau, Great Basin Desert, and Mojave Desert. We detected kit foxes at 157 "use" points from these cameras between May 2015 and October 2016. We then compared the attributes of these "use" points to 14,742 available, randomly selected points located within the study areas using variables derived from a Geographic Information System (GIS). We used model selection and minimization of AIC values to determine key habitat characteristics that differentiated use and random locations. We identified slope, elevation, and soil type as significant variables (P < 0.05) in habitat selection of kit foxes. Kit foxes selected areas that were 1) less steep, 2) lower in elevation, and 3) classified as having silty soils. The identification of these specific variables from our modeling effort was generally consistent with kit fox ecology. Our study produced a habitat model that can serve as a foundation for future monitoring efforts of kit foxes in potential habitat across Utah.