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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:15:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rita de Cassia Novais e Silva Daniel.pdf: 2967832 bytes, checksum: c7bb721388766567d618633baf4f14f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-09 / The dissertation aims to analyze the transformation of the city of Ushuaia, from its settlement process and how the city became known today as "Fantasy Island". The dissertation focuses on interviews with people born in Ushuaia, with migrants from other regions of Argentina and immigrants. The purpose of the interviews was to understand the reasons for the wave of people into the city and the existing relations between the old prison, the phenomenon of economic promotion, tourism and the place idealized as the place of enrichment. The main points raised in order to understand the phenomenon occurred are if Ushuaia can really be considered a "Fantasy Island", which is the profile of people who migrated to Ushuaia and with what interests and aspirations. The result of the interviews gives an answer to the questions regarding the real motives which led and still lead people to relocate there and validates the hypothesis raised by the literature review. The dissertation also addresses the major urban problems that arose due to the migratory movement. It also handled the development of urban planning of the city since the late nineteenth century, the attempts of local government in creating the adequate conditions for the occupation of new lands, the results of success and the recurring problems with apparently disordered occupation. It concludes with an analysis of the latest actions of the government, with the records of people from different backgrounds on the degree of awareness and participation in implementing these actions and their importance in maintaining the city development / Essa dissertação tem por objetivo analisar a transformação da cidade de Ushuaia a partir de seu processo de povoamento e como a cidade ficou conhecida nos dias atuais pelo título de Ilha da Fantasia . A metodologia está centrada em entrevistas realizadas com pessoas naturais de Ushuaia, com migrantes de outras regiões da Argentina e imigrantes. O objetivo das entrevistas foi entender as razões do fluxo de pessoas para tal cidade e suas relações existentes entre a antiga e extinta prisão, bem como o fenômeno de promoção econômica, o turismo e o lugar idealizado como o local do enriquecimento. Os principais aspectos abordados para que se compreenda o fenômeno ocorrido são até que ponto Ushuaia pode ser realmente considerada uma Ilha da Fantasia , qual é o perfil das pessoas que migraram para Ushuaia e com quais interesses e aspirações. O resultado das entrevistas responde aos questionamentos em relação aos motivos que levaram e ainda levam as pessoas a se transferirem para lá e valida as hipóteses levantadas pela análise bibliográfica, assim como os principais problemas urbanos que surgiram devido ao movimento migratório. É tratado também o desenvolvimento do planejamento urbano da cidade, desde o final do século XIX, as tentativas do governo local em criar as condições adequadas de ocupação de novas terras, os resultados de sucesso e os problemas recorrentes dessa ocupação, aparentemente desordenada. Conclui-se com a análise das ações mais atuais do governo, com o relato de pessoas de origens diversas sobre o grau de conscientização e participação na execução de tais ações e sua importância na manutenção do desenvolvimento da cidade

This thesis is concerned with the lived experience of placemaking in Argentina’s Antarctic gateway port Ushuaia. Based on 12 months ethnographic fieldwork, it explores the relations between tourism, urban development, and socio-economic difference. As such, it investigates how agents from across the social spectrum conceive of, and construct their sense of place “at the end of the world”. As the world’s southernmost city, Ushuaia is attractive to tourists for its stunning landscapes, unique location, and strategic proximity to Antarctica. However, the image of a friendly tourist destination crucial to everyday life in this Patagonian city is contested by its stakeholders. This thesis looks beyond the image presented to tourists to explore frictions among residents, the city council, and touristic enterprises. Ushuaia is revealed as an urban location beset by growing unrest due to issues of population growth and social polarization. This is analyzed in relation to its geopolitical significance for the Argentine state, territorial struggles with Chile, and economic incentives for in-migration. Consequently, this thesis considers the dynamic and shifting character of the city’s population through an engagement with economic and lifestyle migrants, including those dwelling in non-legal settlements, and tourists who occupy Ushuaian space alongside more longstanding citizens. The thesis demonstrates how conflicting views collide regarding issues of urbanization, industrialization, tourism, and environmental conservation, analyzed in relation to the interests and concerns of different social constituencies. Through extensive interviewing with a diverse array of social actors, this thesis also explores the different levels of economic and socio-cultural attachment to Antarctica, suggesting a schism between Ushuaia’s touristic representation, Antarctic alignment, and the needs and interests of its inhabitants. This thesis, then, explains the diverging place-based ideas and aspirations of different social groups in relation to the governmental, socio-economic, and socio-cultural forces implicated in placemaking.

Submitted by Reginaldo Soares de Freitas (reginaldo.freitas@ufv.br) on 2015-11-04T14:03:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 2753088 bytes, checksum: abdf2bbe670f59f675976970a6dc8094 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-04T14:03:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 2753088 bytes, checksum: abdf2bbe670f59f675976970a6dc8094 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-29 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Os solos do Monte Martial são jovens (Inceptisols e Entisols), pedregosos e o teor de matéria orgânica do solo é elevado, porém diminui com o aumento da altitude. Os solos apresentam semelhanças físico-químicas e mineralógicas em função da homogeneidade o material de origem sedimentar. As variações relacionadas à cobertura vegetal, à presença de material vulcânico de origem eólica (pequenos fragmentos de vidro vulcânico) e a altitude são em grande parte responsáveis pelos principais processos pedogenéticos aos quais estes solos são submetidos, tais como andosolização (solos florestais e sob Tundra), podzolização (solos florestais) e criogênese (em altitude), todos demonstrando baixo grau de desenvolvimento. Ademais, a alta latitude destes solos os confere temperaturas frias (regime isofrigid), onde o clima polar se instala em maior altitude (> 900 metros de altitude). Os solos florestais estão em ambiente mais quente, e a presença da cobertura vegetal densa funciona como uma barreira física contra o vento e a neve, o que diminui as variações térmicas mais intensas e o congelamento sazonal do solo durante o inverno. Na Tundra, os solos são mais frios, congelam superficialmente e apresentam longo período de condições isotermais. Ao mesmo tempo, os solos sob Tundra apresentam maior variação do conteúdo de água no solo, em função do degelo anual durante o verão. As emissões de gases de efeito estufa foram avaliadas em duas épocas e em 3 sítios de monitoramento, junto aos perfis, sendo um sob floresta e dois sob a Tundra. As emissões de CO2 apresentaram alta correlação positiva com a temperatura (r>0,7), nas duas épocas. A umidade não apresentou boa correlação com nenhum dos três gases mensurados. As emissões dos três gases foram baixas em ambas as épocas, e denotam a tendência de solos com baixo nível de emissões para todos os três gases mensurados (dreno). As emissões de CO2 foram maiores em relação aos demais gases, se mantendo sempre positiva, ou seja, com fluxo positivo de emissões. O contexto dos três artigos apresentados neste trabalho perpassam aspectos fundamentais do meio físico e biótico com grande capacidade de resposta aos possíveis efeitos das mudanças climáticas globais nestes solos. / The soils of Mount Martial are young (Inceptisols and Entisols), stony, and organic matter content is high, but decreases in altitude. The soils exhibit physicochemical and mineralogical similarities depending on the material homogeneity of sedimentary origin, except for variations related to vegetation cover, presence of volcanic material from wind turbines (small fragments of volcanic glass) and altitude, which are largely part responsible for the different pedogenic processes to which these soils are subjected, such as andosolization (under forest and tundra soils), podzolization (forest soils) and criogênese (in altitude), both showing low level of development. Moreover, these high latitude soils gives the cold temperatures (isofrigid regime), where the polar climate settles in altitude. Forested soils are warmer, and the presence of dense vegetation cover acts as a physical barrier against wind and snow, which inhibits the most intense thermal variations and seasonal soil freezing during the winter. In Tundra soils are colder, freeze superficially and have long isotermais conditions. At the same time, the Tundra soils have higher variation of water content in the soil, depending on the annual melt during the summer. Emissions of greenhouse gases were evaluated in two seasons and three monitoring sites, along with profiles, one under forest and two in the Tundra. CO2 emissions showed high positive correlation with temperature (r> 0.7) in both seasons. The moisture did not show good correlation with any of the three measured gases. Emissions of the three gases were low in both sites, and denote the tendency of soils with low emissions for all three measured gases. CO2 emissions were higher compared to other gases, remaining always positive, ie, with positive flow of emissions. The context of three articles presented here underlies fundamental aspects of the physical and biotic environment with great responsiveness to the possible effects of global climate change on these soils.

Ushuaia, ubicada en el extremo meridional de América del Sur (54º 48’ S / 68º 19’ O), representa un importante centro receptor como destino de naturaleza. Particularmente, reviste especial interés su rol de puerta de entrada para los cruceros antárticos que aprovechan una serie de ventajas de este destino para realizar recambios de pasajeros y operaciones logísticas. Es en este segmento de la demanda turística donde se centra la atención de esta tesis. De este modo, nos proponemos trabajar sobre las relaciones entre la Antártida y Ushuaia, entendiendo la práctica turística como eje estructurante que nos permite analizar cómo se desarrollan las representaciones e imaginarios y cómo se utilizan los espacios por parte del turismo marítimo antártico. Para abordar la problemática planteada, resulta imprescindible definir el turismo como una práctica social, con consecuencias específicas en el territorio, donde cobra sentido no sólo el espacio de destino turístico como receptor de los flujos, sino también el espacio emisor, donde se generan las necesidades, motivaciones, expectativas e imágenes y la ruta de tránsito. Entendemos el espacio como totalidad, el espacio geográfico como objeto de nuestra preocupación. De este modo, se busca analizar cómo el espacio participa en el turismo y cómo el turismo contribuye a su transformación. El enfoque metodológico planteado es de naturaleza tanto cuantitativa como cualitativa que se complementan. La fase cuantitativa se basa en encuestas a visitantes antárticos en tanto que la cualitativa, comprende el análisis de documentos, entrevistas en profundidad y observación participante. / Ushuaia, located at the southern tip of South America (54º 48’ S / 68º 19’ O), is an important nature-based tourist destination. Particularly, it became a relevant gateway to Antarctica for sea-borne tourism that benefits from the advantages this place offers to change over passengers and to carry out logistic operations. This thesis focuses on this specific segment, Antarctic tourism. In this regard, we work on the relationships between Antarctica and Ushuaia, considering tourist practices as the structural axis that allows us to analyse how representations and images are developed and in which ways spaces are used by Antarctic tourism. In order to address this topic, it is imperative to understand tourism as a social practice, with specific consequences in the territory, considering not only the tourism destination, but also the place of origin of visitors where necessities, motivations and expectations are formed. We understand the space as a whole, the geographical space as the key factor of our concerns. In this way, we try to see how the space participates in tourism and how tourism contributes to its transformation. The research comprised both a quantitative and qualitative methodological approach. For the former, surveys of Antarctic visitors were collected. For the latter, the analysis of documents, interviews and participant observations were carried out.

<p>Human society is presently beset by an array of anthropogenic social-ecological crises that threaten the sustainability of the social-ecological systems that sustain our livelihoods. While research alone will not rectify these issues, it can help to answer key questions that must be addressed to develop effective solutions. To address such questions in a cohesive, compelling manner, social-ecological research can be bounded, structured, and distilled through innumerable organizing principles or theoretical frameworks. For this dissertation, I focused on the geographic region of Tierra del Fuego and sought to draw from the array of disciplines and methods that use sound as a lens for biological, ecological, and/or social inquiry. I also endeavored to consider various temporal, spatial, and organizational scales while investigating a selection of topics with a) specific importance in the social-ecological systems of Tierra del Fuego and b) general relevance to global social-ecological challenges. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to the dissertation, and Chapter 6 serves as a conclusion.</p><p><br></p><p> </p><p>The objective of Chapter 2, “Biogeographical and analytical implications of temporal variability in geographically diverse soundscapes”, was to provide some guidance to passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) practitioners on how to design appropriate temporal sampling schemes based on the temporal variability of the sounds one wishes to measure and the power and storage limitations of acoustic recorders. We first quantified the temporal variability of several soundscape measurements and compared that variability across sites and times of day. We also simulated a wide range of temporal sampling schemes in order to model their representativeness relative to continuous sampling.</p><p><br></p><p> </p><p>For Chapter 3, “Sentinels for sentinels: passive acoustic and camera trap monitoring of sensitive penguin populations”, we tested the utility of PAM to monitor behavior and abundance of Magellanic (<i>Spheniscus magellanicus</i>) and southern rockhopper penguins (<i>Eudyptes chrysocome</i>) at different spatial and temporal scales. We conducted <i>in situ</i> observations of the acoustic behavior of each species, and we compared acoustic metrics with penguin counts from narrowly focused camera traps and larger-extent observations of colony density. </p><p><br></p><p> </p><p>Chapter 4, “Acoustic monitoring shows invasive beavers (<i>Castor canadensis</i>) increase avian diversity in Tierra del Fuego”, is focused on impacts of the invasive North American beaver (<i>Castor canadensis</i>) on Fuegian bird communities. We sought to determine how bird communities might differ between intact riparian forests, beaver ponds, and beaver meadows created by pond drainage. We conducted PAM and classic avian point counts under each of these conditions across seasons to test for differences between impact conditions and to compare the two methodologies.</p><p><br></p><p> </p>For Chapter 5, “Human-nature connection and soundscape perception: insights from Tierra del Fuego, Argentina”, we evaluated the relationship between soundscape perception and nature relatedness by conducting surveys and soliciting responses to soundscape audio prompts. We also examined the potential for any demographic influences on nature relatedness or soundscape perception in the context of local social tensions.