Technological initiatives should be contextualized in the social, cultural and economic sectors. As information and communications technologies (ICT) have evolved with the process of globalization, ICT has played a significant role in supporting the development for both the marginal group and developing countries. In spite of the increasing numbers of ICT development projects, there is a lack of the robust research and evaluation regarding to ICT project outcomes. This study attempts to examine the ICT projects carried out in the Aboriginals community in Taiwan. Drawing the attention to the issues of power, identity, culture, and society, the postcolonial perspective is adopted. As the nature of the problem and the lack of previous understanding of the phenomenon, the interpretive ethnographic method is deployed in order to explore the cultural and social issues involved. During the two-year research, three ICT projects are examined through participate observation, interviews and related data retrieve. From the reviews of these ICT projects, the findings present in three themes: ¡§Technological Utopianism¡¨; ¡§Power Struggle¡¨ and ¡§Polarization¡¨. Although project Principal-initiator, teachers-project members and Parents- the community agree on the potential of ICT, they approach and expect ICT differently as their disparities in their position in the ICT projects, ICT literacy, and limitation from their social/economic reality. Each stakeholder has faced different context and carried different perception and vision toward ICT and ICT projects. After the ICT projects are carried out, the unanticipated and hidden gap of perception results in dissatisfied stakeholders. Although the media cover the project outcomes with positive tone, and both TY School and Principal obtains the reputation in ICT education, teachers are reluctant to execute ICT project and parents are disappointed and think the projects don¡¦t really help them. In order to accomplish these ICT projects under the disharmony, Principal takes advantage of his power from administration of school, knowledge legitimacy, and the control over resources. The power-laden process occurs and the communication gap is unable to close. Moreover, the relationships between stakeholders are eventually polarized. As failing to taking account of the dynamic context difference and lacking of communication, ICT projects in this study fail to deliver its promise to the people they intended to serve.

This thesis examines the presence of unhu, a process of becoming and remaining human through community ties, in Nervous Conditions and The Book of Not by Tsitsi Dangarembga. Dangarembga interrogates corrupt versions of community by creating positive examples of unhu that alternatively foster community building. Utilizing ecocritical, utopian, and postcolonial methodologies, this thesis postulates that these novels stress the importance of retaining a traditional concept like unhu while also acknowledging the need to adjust it over time to ensure its vitality. Both novels depict the creativity and resilience of unhu amid toxic surroundings.

A proposta deste trabalho constitui-se através do acompanhamento de um projeto de habitação popular na Vila dos Tocos (Palmares do Sul / RS), realizado no ano de 2004. Ele é o ponto de partida para pensarmos as intervenções públicas nas formas de habitar. Analisaremos os elementos que antecedem os projetos, as propostas apresentadas no papel e os efeitos desta junção para pensarmos em alternativas que ampliem a autonomia dos sujeitos e mantenham a esfera do desejo presente. Como alternativa possível para alcançarmos um respeito mútuo inclusivo, capaz de não apagar o desejo, propomos um olhar maior sobre as utopias iconoclastas. Estas se apresentam como possibilidade por serem capazes de mostrar os limites de nosso pensamento, propondo um tempo de espera e uma possibilidade outra de vir-a-ser. / The purpose of this paper is established through the observation of a housing project in Vila dos Tocos (Palmares do Sul / RS), held in 2004. This project is the starting point for thinking about public interventions in diverse forms of living. We will analyze the elements prior to the project, written proposals and the effects of this junction to think of alternatives to enhance the autonomy of individuals and keep the desire present. As a possible alternative to achieve an inclusive mutual respect, one that will not erase the desire, we propose a greater look on iconoclastic utopias. These are presented as a possibility for being able to show the limits of our thinking, proposing a standby time and potential outcomes.

A proposta deste trabalho constitui-se através do acompanhamento de um projeto de habitação popular na Vila dos Tocos (Palmares do Sul / RS), realizado no ano de 2004. Ele é o ponto de partida para pensarmos as intervenções públicas nas formas de habitar. Analisaremos os elementos que antecedem os projetos, as propostas apresentadas no papel e os efeitos desta junção para pensarmos em alternativas que ampliem a autonomia dos sujeitos e mantenham a esfera do desejo presente. Como alternativa possível para alcançarmos um respeito mútuo inclusivo, capaz de não apagar o desejo, propomos um olhar maior sobre as utopias iconoclastas. Estas se apresentam como possibilidade por serem capazes de mostrar os limites de nosso pensamento, propondo um tempo de espera e uma possibilidade outra de vir-a-ser. / The purpose of this paper is established through the observation of a housing project in Vila dos Tocos (Palmares do Sul / RS), held in 2004. This project is the starting point for thinking about public interventions in diverse forms of living. We will analyze the elements prior to the project, written proposals and the effects of this junction to think of alternatives to enhance the autonomy of individuals and keep the desire present. As a possible alternative to achieve an inclusive mutual respect, one that will not erase the desire, we propose a greater look on iconoclastic utopias. These are presented as a possibility for being able to show the limits of our thinking, proposing a standby time and potential outcomes.

A proposta deste trabalho constitui-se através do acompanhamento de um projeto de habitação popular na Vila dos Tocos (Palmares do Sul / RS), realizado no ano de 2004. Ele é o ponto de partida para pensarmos as intervenções públicas nas formas de habitar. Analisaremos os elementos que antecedem os projetos, as propostas apresentadas no papel e os efeitos desta junção para pensarmos em alternativas que ampliem a autonomia dos sujeitos e mantenham a esfera do desejo presente. Como alternativa possível para alcançarmos um respeito mútuo inclusivo, capaz de não apagar o desejo, propomos um olhar maior sobre as utopias iconoclastas. Estas se apresentam como possibilidade por serem capazes de mostrar os limites de nosso pensamento, propondo um tempo de espera e uma possibilidade outra de vir-a-ser. / The purpose of this paper is established through the observation of a housing project in Vila dos Tocos (Palmares do Sul / RS), held in 2004. This project is the starting point for thinking about public interventions in diverse forms of living. We will analyze the elements prior to the project, written proposals and the effects of this junction to think of alternatives to enhance the autonomy of individuals and keep the desire present. As a possible alternative to achieve an inclusive mutual respect, one that will not erase the desire, we propose a greater look on iconoclastic utopias. These are presented as a possibility for being able to show the limits of our thinking, proposing a standby time and potential outcomes.

A presente pesquisa visa compreender e analisar criticamente o discurso de sustentabilidade e as práticas constitutivas da permacultura, debatendo tanto o potencial que elas podem oferecer à construção de um utopismo dialético norteado por uma nova práxis ambiental, como as contradições geradas a partir de sua inserção em uma sociedade capitalista, orientada pelo lucro e pela tendência geral em transformar todas as coisas em mercadorias. Pensada originalmente na década de 1970 pelos australianos Bill Mollison e David Holmgren, a permacultura diz respeito à criação de assentamentos humanos sustentáveis e resilientes, feita com base em princípios e técnicas específicos. A partir da década de 1990 paralelamente à ascensão e à globalização do neoliberalismo tem sido verificado um novo boom na eclosão e disseminação de experiências comunitaristas alternativas e sustentáveis, muitas das quais baseadas na permacultura, o que é sintomático do atual estágio da geografia histórica do capitalismo, apontando de um lado para a crise estrutural e multifacetada experimentada nos dias de hoje, e, de outro, para a urgência em se buscar formas distintas de sociabilizar-se e de relacionar-se com a natureza. Sustenta-se que estas experiências configuram a etapa mais recente de um fenômeno cujas origens podem ser rastreadas na segunda metade do século XIX e que aqui se denomina contraculturas espaciais, ou seja, microexperimentos de organização e produção socioespacial, geralmente de caráter comunitarista, que nascem como tentativas de subversão à ordem dominante, onde o nível privado e a esfera do cotidiano ganham primazia e tornam-se o lócus privilegiado no qual são experimentadas e desenvolvidas técnicas, práticas e solidariedades distintas daquelas que conformam a lógica homogeneizante, individualista e alienante encabeçada pela produção capitalista do espaço. Essas espacializações alternativas são expressões essencialmente modernas e urbanas que costumam surgir com mais força e visibilidade em momentos de crise de reprodução do sistema. Tendo por base a combinação entre pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e entrevistas com seus fomentadores, bem como a realização de trabalhos de campo junto a experiências de permacultura localizadas na Argentina, no Brasil e no Chile, buscar-se-á aqui, a partir do exame crítico do sistema produtivo permacultural, discutir as possibilidades e os limites apresentados pelas contemporâneas contraculturas espaciais à construção de uma sociedade mais igualitária e ecológica. / The present investigation aims to critically understand and analyze the speech of sustainability and the constitutive practices of the permaculture, debating the potential that they offer to the construction of a dialectical utopianism orientated by a new environmental praxis; as well as the contradictions produced from its insertion in a capitalist society geared to profit and to the general tendency in turning all the things into goods. Originally thought in the decade of 1970 by the Australians Bill Mollison and David Holmgren, the permaculture concerns the creation of sustainable and resilient human settlements, based on specific principles and techniques. From the decade of 1990 in parallel with the consolidation of neoliberalism a new boom in the outbreak and dissemination of alternative and sustainable communal experiences has been observed, many of them based on permaculture, which turns out to be symptomatic of the current state of the historical geography of the capitalism. This concept points, on the one hand, to the structural and multifaceted crisis experienced nowadays; and, on the other hand, to the urgency of searching for different forms of socialize and interact with nature. It has been argued that these experiences constitute the most recent stage of a phenomenon whose origins can be traced to the second half of the nineteenth century. Here they are referred to as spatial countercultures, or, in other words, micro-experiments of socio-spatial organization and production generally of communal character. Such micro-experiments are usually born as attempts to subvert the dominant order, where the private and everyday life spheres acquire primacy and become a privileged locus where they are experienced and developed techniques, practices and solidarities; different from those that conform the homogenizing, individualistic and alienating logic represented by the capitalism production of space. Notably, these alternatives are essentially modern and urban expressions that usually arise with more strength and visibility at moments where the system faces crisis in its reproduction. Based on a combination between literature and documentary research, interviews with their developers, and fieldworks to permaculture experiences located in Argentina, Brazil and Chile; this investigation aims to critically address the permaculture system of production, discussing the possibilities and limitations that this type of spatial contemporary countercultures offer for the construction of a more egalitarian and ecological society.

Denna studie ämnar att ta reda på hur illustrationer av olika framtida samhällen upplevs i förhållande till miljö och klimat. Efterforskning gjordes om utopianism, science fiction, ekologi och motivation för att sedan skapa en artefakt utifrån den insamlade kunskapen. Tre samhällen illustrerades, ett elfritt samhälle och två identifierade utopier, den gröna utopin och SF-utopin. Varje samhälle representerades i form av tre illustrationer vardera, vilka alla bilder hade samma komposition för de olika samhällena. Artefakten användes i mailintervjuer där deltagarna fick se på illustrationerna för ett samhälle i taget och sedan svara på följdfrågor. Den insamlade datan visar på att samhällena upplevs utifrån deltagarnas egna värderingar, och att total bekvämlighet inte nödvändigtvis värderas högre än jordens välmående.

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