Submitted by Julie_estagiaria Moraes (julie.moraes@fgv.br) on 2012-01-13T15:57:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 000049973.pdf: 2274197 bytes, checksum: 8688654a1d0e1d357620b0d1f265f741 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-01-13T15:57:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 000049973.pdf: 2274197 bytes, checksum: 8688654a1d0e1d357620b0d1f265f741 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1987 / Before the need to define an awared known object to afford the accomplishment of the discourse, a thesis writer, from her very own trajectory while scholar, yields, from thereof, no longer a discourse pertaining to certain pedagogical procedures placed in discussion,but a fervent say for its unlikeness in relation to what makes up the discourse that is not aware of it as much as for its unawareness of the experience thus yielded. / Diante da necessidade de definir um objeto de conhecimento para viabilizar a consecução da dissertação, uma mestranda, recorrendo à sua própria trajetória enquanto aluna produz, desde este lugar, não mais um discurso sobre certos procedimentos pedagógicos colocados em questão, mas uma fala apaixonada por sua diferença em relação à que, constitui o discurso que nao a reconhece, tanto quanto nao reconhece o saber assim produzido.

Proponemos con esta tesina investigar cómo el uso experimental del espacio en la novela Los ingrávidos de la escritora mexicana Valeria Luiselli es crucial para crear el ambiente fragmentado y fantasmal de la obra. Las dos voces de la novela, Owen y la narradora, relatan fragmentos de sus vidas de muy diferentes épocas. Mueren y vuelven a nacer. Aparecen como fantasmas y el tiempo no es lineal. Sin embargo, sus vidas e historias se unen por medio de espacios compartidos. En la presente tesina analizamos y ponemos en evidencia cómo la autora mediante esta técnica del uso del espacio logra conectar mundos y vidas en una atmósfera de irrealidad. Hemos llegado a la conclusión que el ambiente fragmentado y fantasmal de la novela Los ingrávidos es logrado mediante el manejo del espacio. / With this thesis we intend to investigate how the experimental use of space in the novel Losingrávidos by the Mexican writer Valeria Luiselli is crucial to create the fragmented and ghostlyatmosphere of the book. The two voices of the novel, Owen and the female narrator, relatefragments of their lives from very different eras. They die and are reborn. They reappear asghosts and time is not linear. However, their lives and stories come together through sharedspaces. In this thesis we analyze and highlight how the author through this technique of the useof space manages to connect their worlds and lives in an atmosphere of unreality. We haveconcluded that the fragmented and ghostly atmosphere of the novel Los ingrávidos is achievedthrough the management of space.

Este estudo tem como objetivo observar a relação de estereótipos específicos com as construções identitárias presentes nos discursos de duas mulheres afrodescendentes, a partir de dois livros, um biográfico e outro autobiográfico (LEJEUNE, 2008): Valeria Valenssa, Uma Vida de Sonhos (BERGALO; DUARTE, 2015) e Life in Motion, An Unlikely Ballerina (COPELAND, 2014). Além da cor da pele, as duas mulheres têm em comum a dança. Enquanto a bailarina clássica Misty Copeland foi a primeira mulher negra a ser prima ballerina em uma companhia de ballet nos Estados Unidos, a sambista Valeria Valenssa foi a primeira mulata Globeleza, a mulher que materializou(-se) o/no estereótipo da mulata sensualizada do carnaval brasileiro. Compreendemos a relevância do trabalho, pois, em ambos os países, a história para a construção identitária de mulheres com esse tipo físico aproxima-se pela tragédia da escravização de pessoas negras, resultando em um lastro de segregação racial, fato que apresenta grande conexão com o modo de vida das duas mulheres, cujas trajetórias são aqui investigadas. Tais investigações apoiam-se, principalmente, nos estudos sobre estereótipos sugeridos por Lippmann (2008) e Amossy (2014), na identidade narrativa de Ricoeur (2004), e nos estudos sociológicos de Collins (2000), Harris-Perry (2011) e Davis (2016). Ao compararmos os percursos das duas mulheres, mesmo tendo encontrado algumas similaridades, encontramos também um distanciamento devido ao contexto de interações sociais e culturais entre brancos e negros em seus países de origem. Como aporte teórico para a análise do corpus, utilizamos a interdisciplinaridade entre a Semiótica francesa standard e seus desdobramentos, e a Análise do Discurso. A base da análise deste trabalho é o conceito de manipulação, refletindo sobre as possibilidades de manipulação do ator do enunciado sobre o enunciatário-leitor. Desse modo, estão presentes os estudos propostos por Landowski (2014), Fiorin (2002, 2006, 2015, 2016), Discini (2009, 2015), Harkot-de-La-Taille (2004, 2016), Barros (2005) Pietroforte (2006), Maingueneau (2005, 2008) e Ricoeur (2004). / The aim of this study is to observe the relation between specific stereotypes and the identity constructions in the discourses of two Afro - descendant women. This observation is made through the study of two books, being one of them a biography and the other an autobiography (LEJEUNE, 2008), they are: \"Valeria Valenssa, Uma Vida de Sonhos\" (BERGALO; DUARTE, 2015) and \"Life in Motion, An Unlikely Ballerina\" COPELAND, 2014). Besides their skin color, the two women have also the dance in common. While classic ballerina Misty Copeland was the first black woman to be prima ballerina in a ballet company in the United States, the samba dancer Valeria Valenssa was the first mulata Globeleza, the woman who materialized (in)the stereotype of the sensual Brazilian Carnival mulata. The relevance of the research is justified because in both countries the history for the Black women identity construction is, somehow, based on the tragedy of enslavement of Black people, resulting in a trace of racial segregation. This fact is connected to the way of life of the two women investigated in this paper. The investigations are mainly based on the studies regarding stereotypes suggested by Lippmann (2008) and Amossy (2014), Ricoeur\'s theory of narrative identity (2004) and the sociological studies of Collins (2000), Harris-Perry (2011) and Davis (2016). Thus, when comparing both situations, even with some similarities, there is also a distance due to the context of social and cultural interactions between Whites and Blacks in both countries. As the theoretical contribution to the analysis of the corpus, the interdisciplinarity between French Semiotics and its developments, and Discourse Analysis were used. The basis of analysis in this work is the concept of manipulation, considering the possibilities the actor of the utterances has of manipulating the reader-enunciatee. In this way, the studies proposed by Landowski (2014), Fiorin (2002, 2006, 2015, 2016), Discini (2009, 2015), Harkot-de-La-Taille (2004, 2016), Barros (2006), Maingueneau (2005, 2008) and Ricoeur (2004) were used.

Este estudo tem como objetivo observar a relação de estereótipos específicos com as construções identitárias presentes nos discursos de duas mulheres afrodescendentes, a partir de dois livros, um biográfico e outro autobiográfico (LEJEUNE, 2008): Valeria Valenssa, Uma Vida de Sonhos (BERGALO; DUARTE, 2015) e Life in Motion, An Unlikely Ballerina (COPELAND, 2014). Além da cor da pele, as duas mulheres têm em comum a dança. Enquanto a bailarina clássica Misty Copeland foi a primeira mulher negra a ser prima ballerina em uma companhia de ballet nos Estados Unidos, a sambista Valeria Valenssa foi a primeira mulata Globeleza, a mulher que materializou(-se) o/no estereótipo da mulata sensualizada do carnaval brasileiro. Compreendemos a relevância do trabalho, pois, em ambos os países, a história para a construção identitária de mulheres com esse tipo físico aproxima-se pela tragédia da escravização de pessoas negras, resultando em um lastro de segregação racial, fato que apresenta grande conexão com o modo de vida das duas mulheres, cujas trajetórias são aqui investigadas. Tais investigações apoiam-se, principalmente, nos estudos sobre estereótipos sugeridos por Lippmann (2008) e Amossy (2014), na identidade narrativa de Ricoeur (2004), e nos estudos sociológicos de Collins (2000), Harris-Perry (2011) e Davis (2016). Ao compararmos os percursos das duas mulheres, mesmo tendo encontrado algumas similaridades, encontramos também um distanciamento devido ao contexto de interações sociais e culturais entre brancos e negros em seus países de origem. Como aporte teórico para a análise do corpus, utilizamos a interdisciplinaridade entre a Semiótica francesa standard e seus desdobramentos, e a Análise do Discurso. A base da análise deste trabalho é o conceito de manipulação, refletindo sobre as possibilidades de manipulação do ator do enunciado sobre o enunciatário-leitor. Desse modo, estão presentes os estudos propostos por Landowski (2014), Fiorin (2002, 2006, 2015, 2016), Discini (2009, 2015), Harkot-de-La-Taille (2004, 2016), Barros (2005) Pietroforte (2006), Maingueneau (2005, 2008) e Ricoeur (2004). / The aim of this study is to observe the relation between specific stereotypes and the identity constructions in the discourses of two Afro - descendant women. This observation is made through the study of two books, being one of them a biography and the other an autobiography (LEJEUNE, 2008), they are: \"Valeria Valenssa, Uma Vida de Sonhos\" (BERGALO; DUARTE, 2015) and \"Life in Motion, An Unlikely Ballerina\" COPELAND, 2014). Besides their skin color, the two women have also the dance in common. While classic ballerina Misty Copeland was the first black woman to be prima ballerina in a ballet company in the United States, the samba dancer Valeria Valenssa was the first mulata Globeleza, the woman who materialized (in)the stereotype of the sensual Brazilian Carnival mulata. The relevance of the research is justified because in both countries the history for the Black women identity construction is, somehow, based on the tragedy of enslavement of Black people, resulting in a trace of racial segregation. This fact is connected to the way of life of the two women investigated in this paper. The investigations are mainly based on the studies regarding stereotypes suggested by Lippmann (2008) and Amossy (2014), Ricoeur\'s theory of narrative identity (2004) and the sociological studies of Collins (2000), Harris-Perry (2011) and Davis (2016). Thus, when comparing both situations, even with some similarities, there is also a distance due to the context of social and cultural interactions between Whites and Blacks in both countries. As the theoretical contribution to the analysis of the corpus, the interdisciplinarity between French Semiotics and its developments, and Discourse Analysis were used. The basis of analysis in this work is the concept of manipulation, considering the possibilities the actor of the utterances has of manipulating the reader-enunciatee. In this way, the studies proposed by Landowski (2014), Fiorin (2002, 2006, 2015, 2016), Discini (2009, 2015), Harkot-de-La-Taille (2004, 2016), Barros (2006), Maingueneau (2005, 2008) and Ricoeur (2004) were used.

This thesis identifies continuities and disruptions within the tradition of literary allegory in Latin America and critically revisits the category of “national allegory” (Jameson 1986) in order to articulate an interpretative model suited to contemporary “transnational allegorical fiction”. Based on the analysis of seven Mexican novels that register the transition of neoliberalism from the political-economic order to a form of biopolitical control (Althusser, Foucault, Žižek), I identify the emergence of what I call a “transnational affective field”: a symbolic horizon, alternative to the nation, where the prospective function of foundational romances (Sommer) and the retrospective function of mourning akin to postdictatorial fiction (Avelar), converge. This ideological device negotiates power relations, facilitates the transfer of local/global meaning, promotes intercultural empathy and compromise, and denounces mechanisms of exclusion; thereby, reconfiguring the affective and political functions of allegory in Latin American fiction. Part One discusses critical approaches to allegorical fiction in both Latin American and World literatures. Part Two compares the representation of the binomial nation/world in three historiographic metafictions by Carmen Boullosa, Francisco Rebolledo and J.E. Pacheco through recent approaches in post-/de-colonial and memory studies. Part Three examines the depiction of the nation as simulacrum and the figuration of postmodern subjectivities in Jorge Volpi and Juan Villoro from a poststructuralist perspective. It also contends that Álvaro Enrigue’s and Valeria Luiselli’s novels are representative of an emergent meta-allegorical imagination that, in an ironic reversal of allegory (de Man), simultaneously constructs it as a mechanism of ideological control as well as a conscious strategy to resist commodification and symbolic violence (Bourdieu) in the contemporary world. The analysis demonstrates the vitality of Mexican transnational allegorical fiction as a socio-political and affective counter-hegemonic discourse that also functions as an effective strategy of recognition in the international literary field.