International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 23-26, 2000 / Town & Country Hotel and Conference Center, San Diego, California / There is an increasing demand for practical and powerful navigation system to lead people from one place to another quickly and rightly. The introduction of a new embedded operating system, Windows CE, allows us to design a compact, low-cost, efficient autonomous vehicle location and navigation system. This paper discusses the advantages of Windows CE, demonstrates the possibility of building an AVLNS based on it. Then a realization scheme of hardware platform and navigation software is presented.

Vehicle location and tracking has a variety of commercial applications and none of the techniques currently used can provide accurate results in all situations. This thesis details a preliminary investigation into a new location estimation method which uses optical environmental data, gathered by the vehicle during motion, to locate and track vehicle positions by comparing said data to pre-recorded optical maps of the intended location space. The design and implementation of an optical data recorder is presented. The map creation process is detailed and the location algorithm, based on a particle filter, is described in full. System tests were performed offline on a desktop PC using real world data collected by the data recorder and their results are presented. These tests show good performance for the system tracking the vehicle once its approximate location is determined. However locating a vehicle from scratch appears to be infeasible in a realistically large location space.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1999 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / In this paper, a devising scheme of Autonomous Vehicle Location and Navigation System is introduced firstly. Then, several key technologies used in the devising scheme are presented, which includes a data fusion method based on extended decentralized kalman filter technology, a map-matching method used to compensate the positioning error, and a digital map data processing method used to realize route planning algorithm. By this time, a sample machine based on the devising scheme introduced in this paper has already been worked out successfully. The availability and the advantages of these technologies have been demonstrated.

Advanced Traveler Information System (ATIS) is one component of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), and a major component of ATIS is travel time information. The provision of timely and accurate transit travel time information is important because it attracts additional ridership and increases the satisfaction of transit users. The cost of electronics and components for ITS has been decreased, and ITS deployment is growing nationwide. Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) Systems, which is a part of ITS, have been adopted by many transit agencies. These allow them to track their transit vehicles in real-time. The need for the model or technique to predict transit travel time using AVL data is increasing. While some research on this topic has been conducted, it has been shown that more research on this topic is required. The objectives of this research were 1) to develop and apply a model to predict bus arrival time using AVL data, 2) to identify the prediction interval of bus arrival time and the probabilty of a bus being on time. In this research, the travel time prediction model explicitly included dwell times, schedule adherence by time period, and traffic congestion which were critical to predict accurate bus arrival times. The test bed was a bus route running in the downtown of Houston, Texas. A historical based model, regression models, and artificial neural network (ANN) models were developed to predict bus arrival time. It was found that the artificial neural network models performed considerably better than either historical data based models or multi linear regression models. It was hypothesized that the ANN was able to identify the complex non-linear relationship between travel time and the independent variables and this led to superior results. Because variability in travel time (both waiting and on-board) is extremely important for transit choices, it would also be useful to extend the model to provide not only estimates of travel time but also prediction intervals. With the ANN models, the prediction intervals of bus arrival time were calculated. Because the ANN models are non parametric models, conventional techniques for prediction intervals can not be used. Consequently, a newly developed computer-intensive method, the bootstrap technique was used to obtain prediction intervals of bus arrival time. On-time performance of a bus is very important to transit operators to provide quality service to transit passengers. To measure the on-time performance, the probability of a bus being on time is required. In addition to the prediction interval of bus arrival time, the probability that a given bus is on time was calculated. The probability density function of schedule adherence seemed to be the gamma distribution or the normal distribution. To determine which distribution is the best fit for the schedule adherence, a chi-squared goodness-of-fit test was used. In brief, the normal distribution estimates well the schedule adherence. With the normal distribution, the probability of a bus being on time, being ahead schedule, and being behind schedule can be estimated.

This dissertation studies three public transit operations control strategies with automatic vehicle location (AVL) data available. Specifically, holding control, stop-skipping control and vehicle dispatching with swapping are investigated. Moreover, AVL data from Tucson, Arizona are employed to investigate the methodologies for deriving vehicle operating parameters.The problem of holding vehicles at multiple holding stations can be modeled as a convex mathematical programming problem which can be solved to near optimality by a proposed heuristic. A simulation study on the holding problem suggests that holding control based on the proposed problem formulation can effectively reduce the total passenger cost. Also, multiple holding stations may offer more opportunities to regularize vehicle headways so that holding vehicles at multiple stations can further reduce the passenger cost compared to holding vehicles only at a single station.Stop-skipping is investigated to respond more rapidly to vehicle disruptions occurring in the middle of a route. Based on a preliminary analysis of the basic stop-skipping policy, a policy alternative is constructed. The stop-skipping strategy is formulated separately for both policies as a nonlinear integer programming problem. The problem solution relies on an exhaustive search method. Another simulation study is conducted to examine how the performance of the two policies change with the passenger distribution pattern, the vehicle disruption location and length, and the vehicle travel time variability. The simulation result suggests selective superiority of the two policies.The vehicle dispatching problem investigates the potential of integrating real-time swapping into the vehicle dispatching strategies at a transit transfer terminal. With a hypothetical study design, simulation is employed again to evaluate the significance of real-time swapping by comparing the performance of a swapping-holding combined strategy with the holding-only strategy. A sensitivity analysis is also employed to compare these two strategies among key transit operating factors.Finally, using three different understandings (assumptions) of vehicle operating behavior, regression methods are proposed for using AVL data to derive the vehicle running speeds and passenger boarding rates, which serve as inputs to the operations control models. The regression results show that the day-specific operating behavior may not be appropriate, and that operating behavior combining both trip-specific and day-specific effects seems to be slightly superior to the trip-specific behavior overall.

Orientador: Jorge Luiz Alves Trabanco / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T17:56:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Amarante_RogerioRodrigues_M.pdf: 20709750 bytes, checksum: c6ce8ad63ef545117f1c4188f8446236 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: As empresas que precisam gerir suas frotas de veículos estão cada vez mais utilizando sistemas AVL (Localização Automática de Veículos). Com este sistema é possível conhecer a posição de um veículo em uma central de monitoramento, permitindo, com isso, as mais variadas aplicações dentro de atividades como segurança, logística, atendimento de emergência, etc.. Os produtos AVL disponíveis, normalmente são configurados com taxas de atualização que variam de 1 até 15 minutos, a fim de proporcionar uma boa relação custo benefício para as aplicações procuradas atualmente. Contudo, este formato utilizado, mostra com deficiência quais vias trafegou um veículo em áreas urbanizadas. Aumentar a taxa de atualização significa aumento de gastos com comunicação e armazenamento de dados, em contrapartida a redução da freqüência agrava a representação do trajeto, principalmente em áreas urbanas. Assim, este trabalho propõe apresentar o desenvolvimento de um sistema AVL com uma nova abordagem na atualização de posição, que além de representar melhor os trajetos rastreados dentro de áreas urbanas, evite o aumento significativo de gastos, pois quanto maior aderência do mesmo em relação ao percurso efetuado pelo veículo, maior o valor agregado às aplicações. Esta melhoria na representação dos trajetos poderá possibilitar a criação de novas abordagens de utilização de sistemas AVL que necessitam de mais precisão / Abstract: The use of AVL (Automatic Vehicle Locator) systems by companies that need to manage their fIeet has considerably increased. It is possible with this system to know the vehicle position in a dispatch center, al/owing several applications like safety and security, logistics, and emergency attendance. The available AVL products are usual/y configured with update rates between 1 and 15 minutes, in order to provide a good cost/benefit relationship. However, this update rate shows with deficiencies the route that a vehicle went through in urban areas. Increasing the update rate also increases expenses with communication and storage data; and, on the other hand, decreasing the frequency diminishes the representation of tracks, especial/y in urban areas. Thus, this master thesis proposes to show the AVL deve/opment with a new approach in position update, that aiso better represents the tracks in urban areas, without having significant increase of expenses, therefore, the better adherence to the tracked trajectory, the greater will be the perceived value of the system applications. This trajectory representation enhancement will make possible the creation of new approaches in AVL systems utilization that need accuracy / Mestrado / Transportes / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第22653号 / 工博第4737号 / 新制||工||1740(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査)教授 山田 忠史, 教授 藤井 聡, 准教授 SCHMOECKER Jan-Dirk / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

No description available.

Transit Signal Priority (TSP) is an operational strategy that can speed the movement of in-service transit vehicles (typically bus, light rail, or streetcar) through traffic signals. By reducing control delay at signalized intersections, TSP can improve schedule adherence and travel time efficiency while minimizing impacts to normal traffic operations. These benefits improve the quality of service thereby making it more attractive to choice riders. A TSP system can also allow for fewer buses on the same due to travel time reductions and increased reliability, thus reducing transit operating costs. Much of the previous research on TSP has focused on signal control strategies and bus stop placement with little of it analyzing the effectiveness of the system using actual data. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the system using a bus route corridor in Portland, Oregon through real-time Automatic Vehicle Locator data. Key measures that TSP is promoted to improve are evaluated, including travel time, schedule adherence and variability. The TSP system on data was collected for two weeks and is compared to an adjacent two weeks of bus data with the TSP system turned off such that there is no skewing of data due to changes in traffic volumes or transit ridership. This research has shown, that on certain corridors there may be little to no benefit towards TSP implementation and may possibly provide some disbenefit. The direct comparison for TSP on and off scenarios completed for this research yielded no significant differences in reduction in travel time or schedule adherence performance. An additional interesting result was that the standard deviation of the results did not have any specific tendencies with the TSP on or off. Based on these findings, recommendations are made to increase the effectiveness of the system.

Orientador: Maria Teresa Françoso / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T02:35:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_CamilaMariadePaivae_M.pdf: 5263797 bytes, checksum: 09760343e8c6a05923be7cf27642b699 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Este trabalho visa destacar as vantagens e os pontos que devem ser tratados em um sistema AVL (Automatic Vehicle Location), baseado nas tecnologias de posicionamento por satélites e transmissão de dados via rede de telefonia móvel, quando aplicado ao transporte coletivo por fretamento. Neste sentido, três linhas de ônibus fretado que atendem funcionários da Universidade Estadual de Campinas foram monitorados por um período de 07 semanas no trajeto bairro-universidade. O módulo de rastreamento possibilitou a coleta eletrônica de dados de operação do veículo. Também foram registrados, manual e eletronicamente, informações sobre os usuários do serviço. Os dados coletados foram transmitidos via GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) para a central de controle e disponibilizados na rede mundial de computadores em tempo real. Foram verificados os pontos de parada e os itinerários e foi feita uma análise financeira das linhas de fretamento da Unicamp monitoradas durante a pesquisa. O monitoramento de transporte coletivo fretado, relatado neste trabalho de maneira provavelmente inédita, possibilitou a obtenção de dados para gerência e controle do serviço de fretamento. Observou-se, como esperado, que o sistema permite de maneira eficiente o acompanhamento da operação com registro de posições e velocidades desenvolvidas pelo veículo monitorado e dos locais de parada e itinerários cumpridos. No caso em questão, entre as vantagens obtidas destaca-se a possibilidade de realizar uma fiscalização mais efetiva, tanto pela operadora do transporte, como pela universidade, controlando os horários programados, os itinerários e os passageiros. São apresentadas sugestões para melhoria do sistema de rastreamento utilizado / Abstract: This research aims to point out the advantages and what still needs to be improved in an Automatic Vehicle Location ¿ AVL - system applied to the charter bus service. The sample of three charter bus lines serving Campinas University (Unicamp)¿s workers on their way from home to office, in a seven weak period. The AVL equipment was used to collect electronic operational data. Users information were collected automatically and manually. These data were sent through GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) to the control station and become available in the internet in real time. The itinerary and the bus stops were verified, and a financial analysis of these three lines were made. This could conclude that the system allows monitoring vehicle position and speed, bus stops, traffic points, etc. - supplying data for management and control of the service. It has showed that AVL, when applied in the Unicamp¿s fleet, support better management and control of routes and timetables. In this work it is also proposed improvements in the equipment that has been used. / Mestrado / Transportes / Mestre em Engenharia Civil