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This study questions whether expertise plays a role in how mental health clinicians remember case details about their clients. Specifically, are expert clinicians better at teasing apart complex case details than novices? Clinicians’ diagnostic schemas may afford a mechanism for easily retaining and retrieving information about particular cases. American Board of Professional Psychologists certified clinicians acted as our expert participants. Undergraduate students enrolled in general psychology acted as novices. Results indicated experts recalled more information than non-experts for each of three hypothetical case vignettes—simple, complex-coherent, and complex-incoherent. As complexity of the vignettes increased the overall amount of recall increased for the complex-coherent vignette and then decreased for the complex-incoherent vignette for both groups. Experts also exhibited more false recalls of symptom specific details for the complex-incoherent case. This finding is evidence of schema-based knowledge and experts’ tendency to use schemas in an effort to make sense of illogical cases.

Advances in haploidentical bone marrow transplantation (h-BMT) have drastically broadened the treatment options for patients requiring BMT. The possibility of significantly reducing the complications resulting from graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) with the administration of post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PT-CY) has substantially improved the efficacy and applicability of T cell-replete h-BMT. However, higher frequency of disease recurrence remains a major challenge in h-BMT with PT-CY. There is a critical need to identify novel strategies to prevent GvHD while sparing the graft-versus-leukaemia (GvL) effect in h-BMT. To this end, we evaluated the impact of bendamustine (BEN), given post-transplant, on GvHD and GvL using clinically relevant murine h-BMT models. We provide results indicating that post-transplant bendamustine (PT-BEN) alleviates GvHD, significantly improving survival, while preserving engraftment and GvL effects. We further document that PT-BEN can mitigate GvHD even in the absence of Treg. Our results also indicate that PT-BEN is less myelo-suppressive than PT-CY, significantly increasing the number and proportion of CD11b(+)Gr-1(hi) cells, while decreasing lymphoid cells. In vitro we observed that BEN enhances the suppressive function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) while impairing the proliferation of T-and B-cells. These results advocate for the consideration of PT-BEN as a new therapeutic platform for clinical implementation in h-BMT.

In patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with HLA-identical donors, genetic polymorphisms result in a mismatch between donors and recipients in their minor histocompatibility antigens (mHAgs), and tumors may also express tumor-associated antigens (TAA) that may not be abundantly present in the donors. Donor T cells can recognize such mHAgs and TAAs as foreign antigens and generate an objective response against hematologic malignancies in a graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effect. However, a major side effect of HSCT occurs when donor T cells are alloreactive against the recipients’ normal cells, leading to graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The ability to identify T cell clones that are exclusively involved in the GVT or GVHD responses remains elusive. In this study, we looked at clonally-driven CD3+ T cells in patients with hematologic malignancies prior to and after transplantation. We identified Vbeta families of increased expression involved in GVHD or GVT responses, with Vbetas 4, 11, and 23 being associated with GVHD, Vbetas 9, 16, and 20 being associated with GVT, and Vbetas 2, 3, 7, 8, 12, 15, and 17 being involved in GVHD and/or GVT. We were also able to identify some of the Vbeta families that were increased in the peripheral blood at the site of GVHD. Furthermore, one of our twelve patients had donor lymphocyte infusions (DLIs) for treatment of relapse, from which we were able to observe oligoclonal T cells that emerged at the time of post-DLI remission and re-establishment of GVHD.

Morangos (Fragaria spp.) são bastante apreciados por suas características organolépticas, além de serem fonte de minerais, vitamina C e compostos nutracêuticos. Entretanto, por se tratar de um fruto muito suscetível ao ataque de pragas e doenças, durante o seu cultivo comercial é utilizado grande quantidade de produtos químicos para a sua produção. Desta forma, o morango figura entre os principais alimentos onde são encontrados resíduos de agroquímicos acima do limite permitido e resíduos de produtos que não têm seu uso registrado para a cultura do morango. São realizados muitos estudos que comparam a qualidade de produtos orgânicos e convencionais, porém, a gama de resultados gerados é divergente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a qualidade de morangos orgânicos e de morangos convencionais mediante repetidas avaliações. Foi avaliada a qualidade de morangos produzidos em 7 pares de propriedades na região produtora do estado de São Paulo (Atibaia, Jarinú e Monte Alegre do Sul) e no sul de Minas Gerais, na cidade de Senador Amaral, sendo cada par formado por uma propriedade de cultivo orgânico e uma de cultivo convencional. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi o inteiramente aleatorizado em esquema fatorial 2 x 5 x 4 (2 modos de cultivo x 5 períodos de armazenamento x 4 repetições). Na avaliação geral dos resultados, observou-se que os frutos convencionais apresentaram maior conteúdo de antocianinas e menor índice de podridão que os orgânicos. Nas demais variáveis, não houve diferenças significativas, ou o morango orgânico apresentou maiores valores que o convencional. Em alguns atributos de qualidade foi possível observar que, em pelo menos 4 dos 7 pares avaliados, houve repetição dos resultados obtidos na avaliação geral, tais como: coordenada de cor a*, teor de sólidos solúveis, perda de massa fresca, densidade, conteúdo de antocianinas e índice de podridão. Para a coordenada de cor L*, firmeza, matéria seca, acidez titulável e teor de ácido ascórbico, a análise individual de cada par de propriedades não indicou comportamento semelhante ao da avaliação geral. A metodologia que corresponde à avaliação de frutos de diversas propriedades e de diferentes localidades pode ser utilizada para determinar a qualidade de morangos produzidos no sistema de cultivo orgânico e no sistema convencional. / Strawberries (Fragaria spp) are very appreciated due to its flavor and tasty, besides are good source of mineral, vitamin C and nutraceutical compounds. However it\'s a fruit very susceptible to pests attack and diseases during the commercial cultivation. In this way, it uses a huge quantity of chemical products for its production. Thus, strawberry is one of the main food in which is found chemicals residues above the allowed limits and residues of not registered products for use in strawberry crop. Many studies are conducted to compare the organic and conventional grown food quality, however the range of results are divergent. The aim of this work was to determine the quality of organic strawberries and the conventional ones using repeated evaluation. To evaluate the strawberries quality, it was harvested fruits from 7 pairs of farms in the region of Sao Paulo State (cities of Atibaia, Jarinú e Monte Alegre do Sul) and also in the South Minas Gerais State (city of Senador Amaral). Each pair of farms was composed by one organic yield farm and one conventional yield farm. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 x 5 x 4 factorial (2 modes of farming x 5 storage periods x 4 replications). In the general evaluation, it was observed that only anthocyanin\'s content was higher in conventional strawberries than in organic ones, and decay index was lower in the conventional ones. For the others attributes, there were no differences or organics strawberries had higher values. In some of quality attributes, it was possible to identify that at least 4 between the 7 pairs of farms showed the same behavior of the results obtained from the general evaluation, like: color coordinate a*, soluble solids content, fresh weight loss, density, anthocyanin\'s content and decay index. For color coordinate L*, firmness, dry matter, tritatable acidity and ascorbic acid, the individual analysis of each pair of farms indicated varying behavior. The use of repeated evaluations from different places can be used to determine the quality of organically and conventionally grown strawberries.

The Postclassic (pre-conquest) Nahua often performed displays of religious devotion. Usually involving stripping victims of their skin, flesh and internal organs, these public, state-sanctioned rites have been understood as astonishing, even exceptional, for their brutality. As a consequence, scholars have focused on human sacrifice at the steps of the Templo Mayor; ritual away from the imperial capital Tenochtitlan has remained very poorly understood. Where attempts have been made to understand regional practices, scholars have generally assumed binary distinctions between central versus periphery or state versus local. Existing studies fail to appreciate Nahua ritual as fluid and dynamic, instead casting ceremonial behaviour across space as unrelated and fundamentally oppositional. Integrating the ethnohistorical and archaeological records, this thesis takes understandings of Nahua ritual in new directions by examining the relationship between the public arena, the sacred landscape and domestic spheres. Crucially, this thesis argues that rituals were sensitive to circumstantial pressures and personal imperatives, across hierarchies,space and time. In so doing, this study suggests a more fluid model for understanding Nahua ritual than binary distinctions can allow. A lack of appreciation for variation or agency in ritual performance has perpetuated the understanding that the Nahua were trapped in a cycle of ferocious ritualism which left little room for critical thought. Using alphabetic, pictorial and archaeological evidence for a rounded perspective, this thesis examines the intersection between official structures and personal agency to question the notion that all Nahuas unthinkingly repeated human sacrifice and other ritual bloodshed. This study argues that the household was a crucial arena for the normalisation of the blood debt which permitted the acceptance of mass public human sacrifice. This thesis finds that, within the Nahua's symbiotic worldview, activities of the temple, mountain and household rituals were mutually supporting. Moreover, it is shown that the Nahuas chose to adapt their rituals throughout the years, to suit individual preferences and environmental circumstances. Taken as a whole, my findings suggest that the Nahuas sought to control their daily existence by adapting rituals to assuage violent and impulsive supernatural forces.

Morangos (Fragaria spp.) são bastante apreciados por suas características organolépticas, além de serem fonte de minerais, vitamina C e compostos nutracêuticos. Entretanto, por se tratar de um fruto muito suscetível ao ataque de pragas e doenças, durante o seu cultivo comercial é utilizado grande quantidade de produtos químicos para a sua produção. Desta forma, o morango figura entre os principais alimentos onde são encontrados resíduos de agroquímicos acima do limite permitido e resíduos de produtos que não têm seu uso registrado para a cultura do morango. São realizados muitos estudos que comparam a qualidade de produtos orgânicos e convencionais, porém, a gama de resultados gerados é divergente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a qualidade de morangos orgânicos e de morangos convencionais mediante repetidas avaliações. Foi avaliada a qualidade de morangos produzidos em 7 pares de propriedades na região produtora do estado de São Paulo (Atibaia, Jarinú e Monte Alegre do Sul) e no sul de Minas Gerais, na cidade de Senador Amaral, sendo cada par formado por uma propriedade de cultivo orgânico e uma de cultivo convencional. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi o inteiramente aleatorizado em esquema fatorial 2 x 5 x 4 (2 modos de cultivo x 5 períodos de armazenamento x 4 repetições). Na avaliação geral dos resultados, observou-se que os frutos convencionais apresentaram maior conteúdo de antocianinas e menor índice de podridão que os orgânicos. Nas demais variáveis, não houve diferenças significativas, ou o morango orgânico apresentou maiores valores que o convencional. Em alguns atributos de qualidade foi possível observar que, em pelo menos 4 dos 7 pares avaliados, houve repetição dos resultados obtidos na avaliação geral, tais como: coordenada de cor a*, teor de sólidos solúveis, perda de massa fresca, densidade, conteúdo de antocianinas e índice de podridão. Para a coordenada de cor L*, firmeza, matéria seca, acidez titulável e teor de ácido ascórbico, a análise individual de cada par de propriedades não indicou comportamento semelhante ao da avaliação geral. A metodologia que corresponde à avaliação de frutos de diversas propriedades e de diferentes localidades pode ser utilizada para determinar a qualidade de morangos produzidos no sistema de cultivo orgânico e no sistema convencional. / Strawberries (Fragaria spp) are very appreciated due to its flavor and tasty, besides are good source of mineral, vitamin C and nutraceutical compounds. However it\'s a fruit very susceptible to pests attack and diseases during the commercial cultivation. In this way, it uses a huge quantity of chemical products for its production. Thus, strawberry is one of the main food in which is found chemicals residues above the allowed limits and residues of not registered products for use in strawberry crop. Many studies are conducted to compare the organic and conventional grown food quality, however the range of results are divergent. The aim of this work was to determine the quality of organic strawberries and the conventional ones using repeated evaluation. To evaluate the strawberries quality, it was harvested fruits from 7 pairs of farms in the region of Sao Paulo State (cities of Atibaia, Jarinú e Monte Alegre do Sul) and also in the South Minas Gerais State (city of Senador Amaral). Each pair of farms was composed by one organic yield farm and one conventional yield farm. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 x 5 x 4 factorial (2 modes of farming x 5 storage periods x 4 replications). In the general evaluation, it was observed that only anthocyanin\'s content was higher in conventional strawberries than in organic ones, and decay index was lower in the conventional ones. For the others attributes, there were no differences or organics strawberries had higher values. In some of quality attributes, it was possible to identify that at least 4 between the 7 pairs of farms showed the same behavior of the results obtained from the general evaluation, like: color coordinate a*, soluble solids content, fresh weight loss, density, anthocyanin\'s content and decay index. For color coordinate L*, firmness, dry matter, tritatable acidity and ascorbic acid, the individual analysis of each pair of farms indicated varying behavior. The use of repeated evaluations from different places can be used to determine the quality of organically and conventionally grown strawberries.

Aims: The main aims of this research are to provide more empirical evidences for theory of property rights and public choice theory and to test these theories in a new environment i.e. banking sector of Pakistan. This research compares performance of public and private banks in Pakistan on the basis of four performance measures, profitability, liquidity, solvency and efficiency. It also studies the effect of politics on public banks. Method: Mainly quantitative approach is utilized in this thesis to compare performance of public and private banks in Pakistan in terms of profitability, liquidity, solvency and efficiency. Ratio analysis is used for this purpose. Qualitative analysis is based on qualitative study of empirical findings of quantitative analysis with respect to elections and observing lending behavior of public and private banks along with study of net interest margin during election years. Major Findings: The theory of property rights and public choice literature support private ownership for superior performance as compared to public ownership. From empirical findings, very weak support is found for both theories. Out of twelve ratios used in ratio analysis, ten ratios support public ownership for superior performance as compared to private ownership and only two ratios quote that private ownership is superior in performance than public ownership. From empirical findings it can be concluded that performance of public banks is superior to private banks in Pakistan in terms of profitability, liquidity, solvency and efficiency. Similarly, out of twelve ratios, only six ratios provided evidence of effect of elections on performance of public ownership which is a weak support for public choice theory. Moreover, lending behavior of public and private banks along with study of net interest margin has totally ruled out the presence of political influence on public banks. It can be concluded from these empirical findings that either political influence on public banks is minimized or political influence is affecting both sectors of banks in Pakistan. As banking sector in Pakistan is highly competitive now due to introduction of financial reforms in Pakistan, it can be concluded that theory of property rights and public choice theory do not work well in competitive markets especially Pakistan. It can also be concluded from empirical findings that privatization is not the only solution to poor performance of public ownership. The introduction of competition can substantially improve performance of public ownership. / mobile: +92-333-8102302

With the process of Vietnam's reform and opening up, Vietnam's economy has made remarkable achievements. Vietnam's manufacturing industry, taking advantage of the new liberal policies, has also achieved rapid development. Sufficient and cheap labor force, advantageous geographical location, preferential foreign investment policies, and friendly international trade environment with the technological upgrading of manufacturing industry are all the advantages of Vietnam in attracting manufacturing industry. However, there are structural difficulties in the Vietnam's economy. Vietnam's economy is highly dependent on foreign trade and foreign investment, and its trade commodities are mainly assembly and processing with low added value. Compared with China, Vietnam also has obvious disadvantages in the scale of domestic market and supply chain. To some extent, Vietnam's manufacturing industry is integrated into China's supply chain network. Keywords: manufacturing, foreign trade, Vietnam's economy, comparative advantage, supply chain

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A presente tese, a partir de uma anÃlise socioantropolÃgica, problematiza a questÃo da capacitaÃÃo de parteiras tradicionais, discutindo as tensÃes entre incorporaÃÃo de saber mÃdico e resistÃncia cultural na prÃtica de partejar das parteiras no AmapÃ. Para tanto, apoio-me em perspectivas epistemolÃgicas crÃticas que problematizam as hierarquias e dicotomias subjacentes à âmonocultura do saberâ, segundo proposta analÃtica de Santos (2006), a qual confere privilÃgios de conhecimento e de poder aos saberes cientÃficos, em detrimento de outras formas de saberes. Valho-me, em alinhamento a essa perspectiva analÃtica, da crÃtica feminista ao sujeito universal da ciÃncia e de seus privilÃgios de enunciaÃÃo. Privilegio, sobretudo, aquelas teorizaÃÃes que desvelam o processo de silenciamento imposto aos saberes e ao poder de agÃncia engendrado pelas mulheres (HARDING, 1998; HARAWAY, 1995; SANTOS, 2012). O estudo compÃe-se de uma abordagem qualitativa, com etnografia e uso de narrativas de 25 parteiras tradicionais, perifÃricas, remanescentes quilombolas e indÃgenas, que se configuram como interlocutoras de minha pesquisa, alÃm de fontes documentais e entrevistas com 10 profissionais da Ãrea biomÃdica. O recorte da pesquisa vai de 2013 a 2016, produzindo um material que dialoga com experiÃncias de pesquisas anteriores sobre a temÃtica das parteiras tradicionais. Permeia na tese o contexto empÃrico dos cursos de capacitaÃÃo no AmapÃ. âCapacitaÃÃoâ à um termo empregado pelo MinistÃrio da SaÃde e implementado pelo âProjeto de resgate e valorizaÃÃo de parteiras tradicionaisâ, implementado pelo governo do Estado do Amapà para instrumentalizar as profissionais do parto domiciliar. AtravÃs dessa configuraÃÃo tÃcnica e biopolÃtica, a âcapacitaÃÃoâ se constitui num rico cenÃrio em que se dÃo a ver confrontos entre heterogÃneas visÃes de mundo (sobretudo aquelas concernentes à saÃde, ao corpo da mulher, à higiene e à seguranÃa), sistemas de conhecimento tÃcnico e repertÃrios de aÃÃo, condensados na tipologia cientÃfico versus tradicional. AtravÃs da inserÃÃo etnogrÃfica e das narrativas das interlocutoras, tento analisar esses confrontos, o que podem significar enquanto obrigaÃÃo de incorporaÃÃo de saberes e prÃticas. Os resultados apontam para as tensÃes, conquistas e tambÃm reconhecimento. Nessa relaÃÃo, tem-se como conquistas o fato da parteira ser cadastrada em programa estadual; participar dos cursos e treinamentos; receber o diploma, o âkit parteiraâ e ser incluÃda no sistema de pagamento da bolsa â elementos de reafirmaÃÃo identitÃria e de reconhecimento da legitimidade da parteira, alÃm de tecerem redes compartilhadas de troca de experiÃncia entre mulheres que partejam. Por outro lado, as contradiÃÃes se expressam nas tensÃes entre a ampliaÃÃo da funÃÃo social da parteira, que apÃs a capacitaÃÃo à chamada a intervir em diferentes esferas da promoÃÃo da saÃde comunitÃria, porÃm sem reconhecimento profissional como trabalhadora da saÃde, sendo, em alguns casos, explicitamente impedidas de prestarem seu serviÃo. Ao discutir capacitaÃÃo, incorporaÃÃo de saber e resistÃncia cultural, pretendemos contribuir para a compreensÃo desse processo dinÃmico de formaÃÃo e recriaÃÃo identitÃria de parteiras tradicionais que vivenciam suas prÃticas no cotidiano comunitÃrio e sobretudo, para os estudos socioantropolÃgicos e da saÃde da mulher.