CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A presente tese, a partir de uma anÃlise socioantropolÃgica, problematiza a questÃo da capacitaÃÃo de parteiras tradicionais, discutindo as tensÃes entre incorporaÃÃo de saber mÃdico e resistÃncia cultural na prÃtica de partejar das parteiras no AmapÃ. Para tanto, apoio-me em perspectivas epistemolÃgicas crÃticas que problematizam as hierarquias e dicotomias subjacentes à âmonocultura do saberâ, segundo proposta analÃtica de Santos (2006), a qual confere privilÃgios de conhecimento e de poder aos saberes cientÃficos, em detrimento de outras formas de saberes. Valho-me, em alinhamento a essa perspectiva analÃtica, da crÃtica feminista ao sujeito universal da ciÃncia e de seus privilÃgios de enunciaÃÃo. Privilegio, sobretudo, aquelas teorizaÃÃes que desvelam o processo de silenciamento imposto aos saberes e ao poder de agÃncia engendrado pelas mulheres (HARDING, 1998; HARAWAY, 1995; SANTOS, 2012). O estudo compÃe-se de uma abordagem qualitativa, com etnografia e uso de narrativas de 25 parteiras tradicionais, perifÃricas, remanescentes quilombolas e indÃgenas, que se configuram como interlocutoras de minha pesquisa, alÃm de fontes documentais e entrevistas com 10 profissionais da Ãrea biomÃdica. O recorte da pesquisa vai de 2013 a 2016, produzindo um material que dialoga com experiÃncias de pesquisas anteriores sobre a temÃtica das parteiras tradicionais. Permeia na tese o contexto empÃrico dos cursos de capacitaÃÃo no AmapÃ. âCapacitaÃÃoâ à um termo empregado pelo MinistÃrio da SaÃde e implementado pelo âProjeto de resgate e valorizaÃÃo de parteiras tradicionaisâ, implementado pelo governo do Estado do Amapà para instrumentalizar as profissionais do parto domiciliar. AtravÃs dessa configuraÃÃo tÃcnica e biopolÃtica, a âcapacitaÃÃoâ se constitui num rico cenÃrio em que se dÃo a ver confrontos entre heterogÃneas visÃes de mundo (sobretudo aquelas concernentes à saÃde, ao corpo da mulher, à higiene e à seguranÃa), sistemas de conhecimento tÃcnico e repertÃrios de aÃÃo, condensados na tipologia cientÃfico versus tradicional. AtravÃs da inserÃÃo etnogrÃfica e das narrativas das interlocutoras, tento analisar esses confrontos, o que podem significar enquanto obrigaÃÃo de incorporaÃÃo de saberes e prÃticas. Os resultados apontam para as tensÃes, conquistas e tambÃm reconhecimento. Nessa relaÃÃo, tem-se como conquistas o fato da parteira ser cadastrada em programa estadual; participar dos cursos e treinamentos; receber o diploma, o âkit parteiraâ e ser incluÃda no sistema de pagamento da bolsa â elementos de reafirmaÃÃo identitÃria e de reconhecimento da legitimidade da parteira, alÃm de tecerem redes compartilhadas de troca de experiÃncia entre mulheres que partejam. Por outro lado, as contradiÃÃes se expressam nas tensÃes entre a ampliaÃÃo da funÃÃo social da parteira, que apÃs a capacitaÃÃo à chamada a intervir em diferentes esferas da promoÃÃo da saÃde comunitÃria, porÃm sem reconhecimento profissional como trabalhadora da saÃde, sendo, em alguns casos, explicitamente impedidas de prestarem seu serviÃo. Ao discutir capacitaÃÃo, incorporaÃÃo de saber e resistÃncia cultural, pretendemos contribuir para a compreensÃo desse processo dinÃmico de formaÃÃo e recriaÃÃo identitÃria de parteiras tradicionais que vivenciam suas prÃticas no cotidiano comunitÃrio e sobretudo, para os estudos socioantropolÃgicos e da saÃde da mulher.

Published Article / This paper is concerned to show that seminal public policy principles have sometimes failed to translate into improved customer service in South Africa and to discover why this should be so. After discussing various dimensions of public policy formulation and implementation, the article cites instances whereby service levels are seen to be compromised by poor execution of policy. It is submitted that inappropriate criteria for the recruitment of office bearers, and a worrying tendency to fail to distinguish adequately between public and private goods, have contributed to degraded levels of customer service which violate the spirit of Batho Pele. It is concluded that government needs to 'walk the talk' with respect to Batho Pele by ridding its administration of officials who have shown themselves to be either incompetent or corrupt.

As technology becomes integrated into everyday life, the relationship between the human and machine must be kept in a balance. Not only does the technology have to perform its intended function, but it must do so in accordance with the dynamic parameters of the complex use environment, in a way that does not encumber the user either physically or mentally. The dissertation explores the challenges of such a scenario through an analysis of three core facets: Affordances, or the user interface cues that allow an intuitive means of operating a device; the aspect of simplicity and its effect on the use factors of the technology (while something might seem to be simple, it may actually be complex to use); and cognitive load in terms of user impact, as a result of utilizing the technology. These illustrate the challenges inherent in understanding the facets fundamental to human- machine interaction in a complex environment. The three factors will be explored first through an historical analysis of the work in each aspect. The theories at hand will be utilized to inform the creation of iterative generations of wearable sensory systems. By utilizing the systems in the field of dance, the theoretical aspects of the core factors can be gauged by actual implementation. Each implementation will be compared side by side to gauge differences in terms of movement dynamics and efficacy of execution. The study will reveal that the three core factors of affordance, simplicity and cognitive load combine synergistically to create a foundational methodology for seamless integration of technology in a complex use scenario. Furthermore, the facets of interoperability between devices in a complex use environment will be illustrated through the theory of intra-interactivity. Finally, the dissertation will illustrate the advantages of passive user interaction and its necessity in relation to the factor of cognitive load. / text

Researchers differ in their views of the structure of traditional middle and high schools in public education on student performance. They question the effectiveness of school and age level configuration, and its comparability with the age-appropriate cognitive, social and emotional development needs of students. Some believe that eliminating the traditional break between elementary and middle schools would enhance students' overall learning opportunities, particularly for ethnic minority and economically disadvantaged students and reduce the current disparity in student performance between traditional middle schools and K-8 academies. This research is founded on a study of (a) curricular and co-curricular richness of the core program; and (b) the organizational elements of the elementary and intermediate school configurations. This mixed-methods investigation utilized both quantitative and qualitative methods to develop the data. The quantitative method incorporated a comparison of six schools that were once either K-5 elementary schools or 6-8 traditional middle schools but were later reconfigured to encompass all grade levels making them K-8 Academies. The quantitative method was used to evaluate the quality of (a) student performance in mathematics and language arts as determined by state assessments (b) the school climate as perceived by the teachers, parents and community members. Creswell (2005) noted that the combination of quantitative and qualitative data gathering, analysis, and interviews strengthens the understanding of the problem and related research findings. Many school districts with 6-8 traditional middle schools have experienced students not making adequate progress and are considering changing their grade structure to K-8. DeJong and Craig (2002) list the reasons for this conversion to cause fewer transitions for students, to keep students in neighborhood schools, to reduce transportation costs, to improve safety, and to accommodate declining enrollment. The researcher hopes that, along with other current research, this study may serve to compel more school districts to consider adopting alternative grade configurations when students are not making adequate progress in the traditional 6-8 grade configuration. / text

La focalisation prosodique désigne le soulignement d’un constituant dans un énoncé au moyen de différentes ressources prosodiques, en particulier l’accentuation et l’intonation. Plusieurs fonctions sont attribuées à la focalisation : le marquage des différentes catégories de focus, ainsi que des fonctions emphatiques (ici appelées insistance et expressivité). Cette thèse a pour principal but de savoir si la focalisation et ses fonctions présentent des propriétés spécifiques dans le phonogenre de la parole interprétée, c’est-à-dire l’oralisation d’un texte écrit mémorisé au préalable par le locuteur (généralement un comédien). Cette question présente un intérêt pour la linguistique et la phonétique à plusieurs titres. Tout d’abord, les différences de réalisation prosodique entre les fonctions de la focalisation sont encore mal connues. Par ailleurs, peu d’études ont été consacrées aux caractéristiques prosodiques de la parole interprétée. Enfin, notre thèse présente un apport sur le plan méthodologique à travers le protocole relativement novateur de ses deux expériences. Dans une expérience de production, des locuteurs ont reproduit des conversations spontanées en parole lue et en parole interprétée. Un groupe d’experts en prosodie a ensuite relevé les occurrences de focalisation dans le corpus et a effectué une classification fonctionnelle de ces occurrences. Nous avons également mené une expérience de perception afin de comparer la réalisation des fonctions de la focalisation indépendamment du phonogenre. Malgré un taux d’accord entre experts relativement faible (ce qui soulève plusieurs questions méthodologiques et théoriques), nos analyses révèlent plusieurs résultats originaux. La fréquence d’occurrence de la focalisation est la plus élevée en parole interprétée, suivie de la parole lue. Ce résultat confirme notre prédiction et suggère que la parole interprétée est un phonogenre favorable à l’étude de la focalisation. Une forte relation est observée entre la fonction d’insistance et le trait d’accentuation initiale, ce qui confirme de nombreuses études précédentes. Le phonogenre se révèle en revanche avoir très peu d’influence sur la réalisation de la focalisation et de ses fonctions. Ce résultat est dû selon nous à un manque de données et au fait que certains traits prosodiques n’ont pas été pris en compte dans l’analyse. / Prosodic highlighting refers to the distinction of a constituent through various prosodic means, especially accentuation and intonation. It is taken to fulfill several functions: marking the different types of focus, as well as emphatic functions (named here “insisting” and “expressiveness”). The main goal of this thesis is to determine whether prosodic highlighting and its functions display specific features in interpreted speech, a speaking style that can be defined as the oralization of a written text previously memorized by the speaker (typically an actor). This question is relevant for linguistics and phonetics on several counts. First, little is still known about prosodic differences between functions of prosodic highlighting. Moreover, few studies have analyzed the prosodic characteristics of interpreted speech. Finally, through their innovative protocols, the two experiments described in this thesis present a methodological contribution. A production experiment consisted in having speakers replicate spontaneous conversations in read and interpreted speech. A group of experts then annotated the occurrences of prosodic highlighting in the corpus, and assigned a function to each occurrence. A perception experiment was also led in order to compare the realization of each function independently of speaking style. Despite a relatively low agreement rate between experts (which raises several methodological and theoretical questions), our analyses reveal several important results. The frequency of occurrence of prosodic highlighting is highest in interpreted speech, followed by read speech. This confirms our prediction and suggests that interpreted speech is more suited to the study of prosodic highlighting than other speaking styles. A strong association is observed between insisting and initial secondary accent, which confirms many previous studies. However, there is almost no influence of speaking style on the realization of prosodic highlighting and its functions. We attribute this result to a lack of data and to the fact that some prosodic features were not taken into account in the analysis.

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Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 2010. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 132-156). Also available on the World Wide Web.

published_or_final_version / Medicine / Master / Master of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Medicine / Master / Master of Philosophy