Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-03-22T12:53:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Gabriela Braz Aidar.pdf: 975655 bytes, checksum: e0a869cc6fe89589c0fc4680d1883aa0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-22T12:53:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gabriela Braz Aidar.pdf: 975655 bytes, checksum: e0a869cc6fe89589c0fc4680d1883aa0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-07 / One of the big discussions not unanimously resolved yet in relation to the administrative requirements of building licenses relates to the time the right to build according to the project filed enters the group of subjective rights of the owners and can no longer be removed by supervening law without prior and fair indemnification. The only unanimous understanding on the matter relates to the possibility that the new law expressly regulates the topic. However, whenever the law is silent, the opinion of jurists and the case law are not unanimous with respect to the time such right arises: if upon submission of the construction project to the Municipality; upon its final approval; or, furthermore, upon actual commencement of the works. This work analyses this difficult question, trying to show that, excluding some exceptions that will be explicitly mentioned, the landowner has the right to execute its construction according to the applicable law at the time of filing of the request for construction license, both in the situations in which it was regularly issued and when the previous law was still in effect or, furthermore, in those cases in which the term for analysis of the administrative requirement elapses before the amendment to the law and, also, in those events in which the request is regularly presented pursuant to the law in effect at the time, jointly with the applicable evidence and in full compliance with the statutory requirements. We try to show that the acknowledgment of such right does not result from the mere balancing of constitutional principles, including the principle of isonomy, legal certainty and vested right, but rather from the specific legal system of the construction licenses, according to the Brazilian law / Uma das grandes discussões ainda sem solução pacificada em relação aos requerimentos administrativos de licenças edilícias diz respeito ao momento em que o direito de construir conforme o projeto protocolado passa a integrar a esfera de direitos subjetivos do proprietário, não mais podendo ser subtraído por legislação superveniente, sem prévia e justa indenização. O único entendimento uníssono sobre a matéria concerne à possibilidade de a nova legislação regulamentar expressamente o assunto. Quando esta se omite, contudo, a doutrina e a jurisprudência ainda divergem quanto ao momento em que tal direito surgiria: se com a submissão do projeto construtivo ao Município; com a sua aprovação final; ou, ainda, com o início efetivo das obras. O presente trabalho dedica-se ao exame dessa tormentosa questão, pretendendo mostrar que, salvo algumas exceções que serão explicitamente mencionadas, o proprietário possui o direito de executar seu projeto construtivo conforme legislação em vigor na data do protocolo do pedido de licença construtiva, tanto nas situações em que esta foi regularmente expedida quando ainda vigorava a legislação anterior, ou, ainda, nos casos em que o prazo de análise do requerimento administrativo é ultrapassado antes da alteração legislativa, como, também, nas hipóteses em que o pedido é regularmente apresentado segundo a legislação da época, devidamente instruído e em integral atendimento às exigências legais. Busca-se demonstrar que o reconhecimento de tal direito não decorre do simples sopesamento de princípios constitucionais, entre eles, o da isonomia, segurança jurídica e do direito adquirido, mas sim do regime jurídico próprio das licenças construtivas, segundo o ordenamento jurídico pátrio

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:19:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fellipe Guimaraes Freitas.pdf: 912651 bytes, checksum: ab1d8b9479d0e6618e1b1ed35dfe5d8d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-29 / Legal security is discussed specifically in the light of jurisprudential mutations in Tax Law, focusing a proposal from its manifestation as vested right , as a way of ensuring normative expectations of society facing a context of intertemporal law in tributary jurisprudential mutation. It is intended to establish a compliance of the concept of positive law and legal rules, with legal security as one of the basic pillars of the legal system, and its cargo of legal value as a principle in the preservation of the normative expectations consistent and widespread transmitted to society, and its protective expression of legal situations in progress (past legal situations) in the category of vested right. From the analysis of definitions assigned by the Brazilian doctrine on legal security and vested right, a distinct idea of the traditional doctrinal repertoire is set to apply to the purpose that it aims to achieve, in the reference system of the functional concept of the system of law. A specific case on Brazilian jurisprudence is analyzed to establish the theoretical content of vested right, as a corollary of legal security, to the pragmatic view of the jurisprudential changes in Tax Law. Finally, all the concepts and legal institutions in the process of normative production in Constitutional Court STF are analyzed, as well as the (in)compliance of vested law in respect of amendment of the rule of law result of positioning consolidated by jurisprudence, (normative judicial precedent), given the normative expectations formed in this process mutation / Discute-se a segurança jurídica especificamente sob o prisma das mutações jurisprudenciais no âmbito do Direito Tributário, com foco em uma proposta da sua manifestação como direito adquirido , como forma de assegurar as expectativas normativas da sociedade diante de um contexto de direito intertemporal no seio da mutação jurisprudencial tributária. Pretende-se estabelecer uma compatibilização do conceito de direito positivo e de normas jurídicas, com a segurança jurídica como um dos pilares fundantes do sistema do direito, e sua carga de valor jurídico como sobreprincípio a projetar-se na preservação das expectativas normativas congruentes e generalizadas transmitidas à sociedade, e sua expressão protetiva nas situações jurídicas em curso (situações jurídicas transactas) na categoria de direito adquirido . A partir da análise das definições conferidas pela doutrina brasileira sobre a segurança jurídica e do próprio direito adquirido, coloca-se uma ideia distinta do tradicional repertório doutrinário a fim de aplicar à finalidade que se almeja alcançar, dentro do sistema de referência do conceito funcional do sistema do direito. Analisa-se um caso concreto da jurisprudência brasileira para aliar o conteúdo teorético do direito adquirido, como corolário da segurança jurídica, ao prisma pragmático das modificações jurisprudenciais na seara do Direito Tributário. Por fim, analisa-se esse plexo de conceitos e institutos jurídicos no processo de produção normativa do Supremo Tribunal Federal STF, bem como a (in)observância do direito adquirido na alteração da norma jurídica fruto do posicionamento consolidado pela jurisprudência (precedente normativo judicial), diante das expectativas normativas formadas nesse processo de mutação

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:30:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz Antonio Sampaio Gouveia.pdf: 1334739 bytes, checksum: 6f34861ea6aed5c556b757708bb96754 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-08 / The interim measure is an act of the Executive with force of law, by constitutional provision. Since ordinarily this legislative power has no jurisdiction to express and sometimes expresses dysfunctional abuse of the (Brazilian) President when it invades the jurisdiction of the Legislature, it confronts these powers. Within 120 days of its issue, if Congress does not appreciate it converting it into law, or rejects it, it loses its effectiveness with ex tunc effects. The legal relationship consummated under its support will be regulated by decree of the Legislature, issued within 60 days of these events. There will be legislative vacuum in fact, until the legislative decree is issued. Missing this, it will validate to the discipline of the legal relations it raised, causing questions about the constitutionality of this phenomenon. For this research, it was necessary literature on the subject that, in addition to numerous books, was marked by articles and journals, internet files and papers listed in the bibliography list of this work. After defining its juridical nature and studying its historical origins, with forays into the comparative Constitutional Law, claiming its constitutional condition, the clash of Power motivated by it is analyzed. A solution is proposed by concentrated control of constitutionality of the qualification requirements of provisional measures. It is impossible that void in law and claiming the unconstitutionality of co validation of provisional measures due to the lack of legislative decree, it is intended that these relations no longer depend on it and should be resolved by the judiciary / A medida provisória é ato do Executivo com força de lei, por dispositivo constitucional. Como ordinariamente este Poder não tem competência legislativa e por exprimir às vezes abuso disfuncional do Presidente da República quando invade a competência do Legislativo, confronta estes Poderes. Em 120 dias de sua edição, se o Congresso Nacional não a apreciar, convertendo-a em lei ou se a rejeitar, ela perderá eficácia com efeitos ex tunc. As relações jurídicas consumadas sob sua égide regulamentar-se-ão por decreto do Legislativo, editado em até 60 dias desses eventos. Haverá vácuo legislativo de fato, até que o decreto legislativo seja editado. Faltante esse, ela convalidar-se-á para disciplina das relações jurídicas que ensejou, causando indagações sobre a constitucionalidade deste fenômeno. Para esta pesquisa, foi necessário levantamento bibliográfico sobre o tema que, para além de inúmeros livros, pautou-se por artigos e periódicos, arquivos de internet e monografias, constantes na bibliografia do trabalho. Após definir sua natureza jurídica e estudar histórico de suas origens, com incursões pelo Direito Constitucional comparado, afirmando-se sua condição constitucional, analisa-se o confronto de Poder motivado por ela. Propõe-se solução pelo controle concentrado de constitucionalidade dos requisitos de habilitação das medidas provisórias. Conclui-se impossível esse vácuo de direito e afirmando-se a inconstitucionalidade da convalidação das medidas provisórias à falta desse decreto legislativo, pretende-se que estas relações não mais dependam dele, devendo ser solucionadas pelo Poder Judiciário

老年所得保障的問題，是所有工業化國家所共有的社會問題。臺灣、德國與美國為了解決這個問題，基本上都是採用所謂的「三層保障的模式」。第一層保障為國家所建立的強制性社會保險制度，第二層保障為企業或雇主所設立的企業退休給付制度，第三層為個人的自我預護（包括儲蓄、保險、置產等）。本文主要是探討第二層的「企業退休給付制度」之法律問題。臺灣的「企業退休給付制度」（也稱之為「企業退休金制度」），是採強制性為主，自願性為輔的雙軌制度，自願性制度所佔比例無足輕重。在強制性制度中的實施型態是採「單數型態」，而且由「單一組織」承擔實施。美國的「企業退休給付制度」稱為「年金（退休金）計劃(pension plan)」，德國的「企業退休給付(betriebliche Altersversorgung)制度」也稱為「企業年金(Betriebsrenten)制度」。這兩個國家向來都是採用自願性制度，「實施型態」與「實施機構」也都是採「複數型態」。 關於企業退休給付的法律保障，臺灣於1984年在勞動基準法中納入「退休規定」，對勞工退休金制度的設立、實施型態、實施機構、財務準備與給付內容皆制定最低的法律標準，然而對於勞工的退休金期待利益如何保障與雇主陷於支付不能時退休金請求權如何保障等重要問題，皆欠缺規定。德國於1974年制定「改善企業退休給付法」，採有限度的立法，對已設立的企業退休給付制度制定最低法定基準，特別注重「退休給付期待利益之保障」與「退休給付支付不能時之保障」；同一年美國也制定「勞工退休所得保障法」，採取全面性的立法，不僅注重「勞工退休給付權利之保障（包括對退休給付期待利益之保障）」，也同樣針對「退休計劃之終止與支付不能的情形」設有特別的保障。 本文主要是以臺灣的「勞基法退休規定」，德國的「改善企業退休給付法」與美國的「勞工退休所得保障法」等法律規定為基礎。針對同一問題，分別探討臺灣、德國與美國的法律制度。第一節首先探討企業退休給付制度之歷史發展，企業退休給付制度究竟如何形成？如何逐步擴展？法律如何回應？在立法之後又面臨何種問題？第二節首先討論退休給付制度的核心法律概念，以及其如何與雇主的其他給付相區別。接著進一步探究勞工請求雇主給付退休金之法律基礎為何？然後再探討企業退休給付之法律性質。第三節分析企業退休給付制度，以何種型態實施，如何運作，在組織上產生何種法律關係。第四節探討企業退休給付的財務準備。第五節以給付為中心，探討企業退休給付的一般法律保障，包括：請求退休金的法律要件為何？請求範圍如何決定？如何與社會保險給付整合？如何支付？在面對通貨膨脹壓力時又如何因應？第六節探討企業退休給付期待利益如何保障之問題，詳細探討德國與美國為何要保障退休給付期待利益？在何種情形下，退休給付期待利益不可喪失？勞工退休時，退休給付期待利益如何實現為退休給付，如何計算其數額？勞工離職時，可否一次結清將來的退休給付權利？勞工轉換工作時，退休金債權是否可隨同移轉？最後一節探討退休給付發生支付不能之情形時，有何解決辦法？第五章比較三國退休給付法律制度有何異同？有何優缺點？並檢討行政院勞工委員會所提的「勞工老年附加年金保險險制度」草案，與「勞工退休金條例草案」之優缺點，並探討我國勞工退休金制度法律改革是否存在其他不同的途徑。？最後一章總結前面各章之研究所得作成結論。 / Old-age income security is a sharing social problem of all industrialized countries. 「Three tiers (pillars) of economic security」 has been used for solving this problem in Taiwan, Germany and U.S.A. The first tier is obligatory social insurance system established by the countries; the second tier is the composition of　“supplementary pension plans” created by companies or employers; the third tier is personal advance arrangements (include saving, purchase of insurance, investment, etc.). This dissertation concentrates on the legal protection of supplementary pension plans.　The supplementary pension plans in Taiwan is a double-track institution. While the voluntary part of it is rather insignificant, this institution is mainly in obligatory part. This obligatory supplementary pension plans is designed to be only one type － defined benefit plans, and there is only one designated funding agency － the Central Trust of China. In U.S.A. the supplementary pension plans used to be called “private pension plans”; in Germany the supplementary pension plans used to be called “company pensions (Betriebsrenten)”.　These two countries adopt voluntary institutions. The types and funding agencies of their supplementary pension plans are plural. In order to protect the rights of pension, the relevant laws were enacted in Taiwan, Germany， and U.S.A. Regulations about employee retirement benefits were included in the “Labor Standards Law” enacted in 1984 in Taiwan.　These regulations created minimum standards for the establishment, requirement of benefit, funding and funding agency, benefit formulas of retirement plans.　However these regulations　lacked protection of pension expectations and rights to pension against insolvency or bankruptcy of supporting employers.　In Germany the relevant regulations about supplementary pension plans are to be found in the “Act on Company Pensions” in force since December 1974.　This Act regulated very limitedly. It established minimum standards for company pensions, especially relating to protection of pension expectations, and pension benefit rights against insolvency of supporting employers. In the same year the “Employee Retirement Income Security Act” of 1974 (ERISA) was enacted in U.S.A..　This comprehensive employee benefit law not only stressed on protection of employee benefit rights (including protecting vesting right), but also created insurance for pension plan terminations. This dissertation mainly compares the legal institutions relating to　supplementary pension　plans in Taiwan, Germany and U.S.A. on the basis of the above statute laws relating to the supplementary pension plans of these three countries. Chapter 1 is the introduction of this research.　Chapter 2、3 and 4 discuss the legal institutions relating to supplementary pension　plans of these three countries. In each section of each chapter the same problems are discussed. Section 1 provides an overview of the historic background of supplementary pension plans and development of relevant laws, including how the supplementary pension plans have formed and expanded, how the law regulated, and problems that have been caused after enactment of the law relating to supplementary pension plans. Section 2 firstly discusses the core legal concept of supplementary pension in each country, and how it differentiates from other benefits of employers. Then this section probes into the legal bases of supplementary pension claims and the characteristics of supplementary pension.　Section 3 analyzes different types of supplementary pension plans, how they operate, and legal relations that have been produced. Section 4 explores pension funding.　Section 5 discusses the general legal protection of pension benefits, including participation, requirement of benefit, payment of benefit. The question of how supplementary pension integrates with social security benefit and counteracts the effect of inflation is also discussed.　Section 6 discusses how the relating laws of supplementary pension plans protect pension expectations, why the laws of Germany and U.S.A. protect pension expectations, when the pension benefit rights are nonforfeitable, how the nonforfeitable benefit is accrued, under which condition a nonforfeitable benefit can cash out, and whether the nonforfeitable benefit is portable when the employee changes the job?　The last section discusses the legal protection against insolvency of employers or termination of pension plans. After comparing the supplementary pension plans and its legal protections of Taiwan, Germany, and U.S.A.，chapter 5 examines advantages and disadvantages of the two recent drafts of supplementary pension plans reforms proposed by CLA (Council of Labor Affairs)in Taiwan. One is “Draft of the Old-age Supplementary Insurance of Employees” , and the other is “Draft of Employee Pension Act “ . The possibilities of having other ways for reforming supplementary pension plans institution of this country is also discussed in this chapter.　The last chapter puts research results of the preceding chapters into a conclusion.