1 ABSTRACT Kučerová J.: Biological activity of secondary plants metabolites VI. Alkaloids of Vinca minor L. Diploma thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of pharmaceutical botany and ecology, Hradec Králové 2016, 67 pages. Isolation of alkaloids was done from extract of Vinca minor, family Apocynaceae. Individual substances obtained were examined for their ability to inhibit human acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. The basic extract was after an initial extraction with 95% ethanol pre-purified by extraction with chloroform. This chloroform extract was divided further by column chromatography on a total of 531 fractions. The fractions obtained were, based on the similarities identified by thin layer chromatography, interconnected in a final number of 17 fractions. The mobile phase for column chromatography were mixtures of chloroform and medical gasoline, chloroform and ethanol, and ethanol itself. For further testing were used fractions number 2 and 5. From the fraction 2 was by preparative thin layer chromatography and subsequent crystallization isolated substance number 1. After analysis of this substance by GC/MS was found that it is a (+) - vincaminorein. Further was examined it's biological activity towards cholinesterases, which found a...

Šípková, P.: Biological activity of secondary plants metabolites X. Alkaloids of Vinca minor L. Diploma thesis, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Hradec Králové, 2019, 66 s. Key words: Apocynaceae, Vinca minor, alkaloids, isolation, biological activity, screening Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. The number of affected patients is constantly increasing. This disease cannot be treated casually, therefore discovering and testing new substances that could potentially be used in a treatment is very important. The Vinca minor L. fraction after column chromatography was separated by flash chromatography. Isolation of the individual alkaloids was performed by preparative TLC. Based on NMR and MS analyses and comparison with literature, alkaloids were identified as vincarubine and (-)-vinoxine. Modified Ellman's method was used to test cholinesterase inhibitory activity of isolated alkaloids. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) are enzymes, that play a very important role in the pathofysiology of Alzheimer's diasease. (-)-Vinoxine showed relatively high activity against BuChE (IC50 = 24,61 ± 1,71 µM), inhibitory activity against AChE was insignificant (IC50 > 1000µM). Vincarubin did not...

Les travaux réalisés pendant cette thèse ont porté sur deux thématiques indépendantes.Les deux premières parties concernent la thématique " alcaloïdes de Vinca ", molécules d'origine naturelle aux propriétés anticancéreuses. Les travaux ont tout d'abord porté sur la synthèse d'analogues oxygénés de la 20,20-difluorocatharanthine, comme précurseurs d'alcaloïdes dimères originaux de Vinca. Bien que les voies de synthèses explorées n'aient pas conduit aux dérivés oxygénés souhaités, les différents résultats obtenus ont cependant permis de montrer que la présence du groupement gem-difluoré sur le squelette de la catharanthine changeait dramatiquement la réactivité du substrat de manière imprévisible. La deuxième partie de ce travail a été dédiée à l'élucidation du mécanisme de fluoration d'alcaloïdes dimères de Vinca en milieu superacide. Le marquage isotopique au deutérium a permis de discriminer deux hypothèses mécanistiques et de valider le mécanisme de fluoration passant par une migration 1,2 d'hydrure dont la contribution minimale est de 20 %. Enfin, la troisième partie de ce travail a été consacrée à la synthèse asymétrique de la (R)-méquitazine. La synthèse de cette dernière s'est basée sur la chiralité déjà " imprimée " dans le squelette d'alcaloïdes de cinchona. La synthèse de la (R)-méquitazine dont les excès énantiomériques finaux sont supérieurs à 99% a été conclue en 8 étapes à partir de la quinine, confirmant le contrôle total du centre asymétrique tout au long de la synthèse.

Thesis (M.S.)--Mississippi State University. Department of Plant and Soil Sciences. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

La tubuline est une protéine essentielle de la cellule. En polymérisant sous forme de microtubules, elle crée notamment le fuseau mitotique le long duquel migrent les chromosomes pendant la mitose. Les médicaments qui inhibent la polymérisation et/ou la dépolymérisation de la tubuline sont des composés majeurs de la thérapie anticancéreuse. Les vinca-alcaloïdes en sont des représentants importants. Ils induisent la mort des cellules par apoptose, en inhibant la dynamique des microtubules. D'autres molécules d'origine naturelle, comme la phomopsine A, se fixent sur la tubuline à proximité ou dans le même site de fixation que celui des vinca-alcaloïdes. C'est la raison pour laquelle nous avons envisagé d'élaborer des composés antimitotiques hybrides entre la vinblastine et la phomopsine A. Dans ce contexte, deux séries de composés ont été conçues. La première série d'hybrides correspondant à des dérivés de l'anhydrovinblastine fonctionnalisés en position 7'. Cependant, aucune des trois stratégies étudiées n'a permis d'accéder à ces composés. La deuxième série d'hybrides, dérivés de la 7'-homo-anhydrovinblastine a pu être synthétisée grâce à une réaction originale d'insertion d'acétylènes activés au niveau du pont gramine de la vinorelbine, suivie d'une réduction avec un contrôle totale de la régio- et stéréoselectivité. Dans un premier temps, les réactions d'insertion et de réduction ont été mise au point. Ensuite, deux familles d'hybrides portant la chaîne latérale de l'octahydrophomopsine en position 8' ou 7' ont été synthétisés. La plupart des composés ainsi obtenus possédent une excellente activité sur la tubuline et sont très cytotoxique.

Marečková, L .: Biological activity of secondary plant metabolites VII. Alkaloids of Vinca minor L. Diploma thesis, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové, Department of pharmaceutical botany and ecology, Hradec Králové 2018 There was prepared an extract from aerial parts of the plant Vinca minor L. This prepared extract was separated by the column chromatography into individual fractions. One chosen fraction was separated by TLC on silicagel. Two substances were isolated and they we identified by GC/MS and NMR as (-)-minovin and (+)-minovincin. These two substances were tested for their inhibition activity against human acetylcholinesterase (hemolysate of human erythrocytes) and butyrylcholinesterase (human plasma). Their inhibition activity was compared to standards which were Galanthamin, Huperzin A and Eserin. (+)-Minovincin did not show significant inhibitory activity against either enzyme (IC50 = AchE > 1000 µM, BuChE 655,05 ± 35,37 µM) and it is not suitable for further investigation. (-)-Minovin showed no significant activity against AChE (IC50 = 234,27 ± 63,40 µM), activity against BuChE (IC50 = 26,32 ± 2,52 µM) was higher than inhibitory akctivity of Galanthamin, but still relatively low for further investigation. The aim of this work was mainly the...

Valová D.: Vinca minor L. alkaloids and their biological activity III. Diploma thesis, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Hradec Králové, 2020, 75 p. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder and it's the most common form of dementia. Because we're still not able to treat the cause of disease, searching for a new substance is relevant. This thesis is focused on isolation of alkaloids from a Vinca minor L. alkaloidal extract as a potential drug. The preparation and column chromatography of the summary extract were performed by Ing. Miroslav Ločárek as a part of his doctoral studies. Subsequent preparative TLC led to the isolation of three compounds. The chemical structures of the isolated alkaloids were elucidated by means of optical rotation, NMR and MS analyses and by comparison of the obtained data with those in the literature. One of the compounds was determined as(-)-vincine, other two compounds have not been isolated yet. Isolated compounds were also tested for their biological activity. Vincine, DV-1 a DV-3 were tested for their ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). Additionally, vincine and DV-3 were also tested for their inhibitory activity on prolyl...

Vašíčková A.: Alkaloids of Vinca minor L. and their biological activity (inhibition of human cholinesterases) V. Diploma thesis, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Hradec Králové 2020. From the selected fraction VM 215-258 were isolated 3 alkaloids by flash chromatography followed, preparative thin layer chromatography and crystallization. Their structure was determined by mass spectroscopy, NMR and optical rotation, and the obtained data were compared with those in literature. Strictamine and minovincinine belong to alkaloids previously isolated, the alkaloid AV-3 has not been isolated yet. These alkaloids were tested for their ability to inhibit human cholinesterases and their inhibitory activity was compared to standards galanthamine and physostigmine. Compound AV-3 showed mild inhibitory activity against BChE (IC50 μM > 86.3 ± 2.3), other alkaloids were considered inactive, their IC50 values against cholinesterases were > 100 μM. Key words: Vinca minor L. (Apocynaceae), vinca alkaloids, minovincinine, strictamine, Alzheimer's disease, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase.

Hematologic malignancies account for a substantial percentage of cancers worldwide, and the heterogeneity and biological characteristics of leukemias and lymphomas present unique therapeutic challenges. Although treatment options exist for most of these diseases, many types remain incurable and the emergence of drug resistance is pervasive. Thus, novel treatment approaches are essential to improve outcome. Nearly half of the agents used in cancer therapy today are either natural products or derivatives of natural products. The e l,normous chemical diversity in nature, coupled with millennia of biological selection, has generated a vast and underexplored reservoir of unique chemical structures with biologic activity. This review will describe the investigation and application of natural products derived from higher plants in the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma and the rationale behind these efforts. In addition to the approved vinca alkaloids and the epipodophyllotoxin derivatives, a number of other plant compounds have shown promise in clinical trials and in preclinical investigations. In particular, we will focus on the discovery and biological evaluation of the plant- derived agent silvestrol, which shows potential for additional development as a new therapeutic agent for B-cell malignancies including chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Bactérias endofíticas são aquelas que habitam o interior de tecidos vegetais, sem causar dano aparente aos mesmos, além de desempenhar funções importantes no processo de adaptação das plantas. Especial interesse tem sido dado a tais bactérias devido ao seu potencial no controle biológico. Por isso, é muito importante estudar a diversidade genética de endófitos, além de avaliar o impacto da introdução de endófitos geneticamente modificados no ambiente. Estudos vêm sendo feitos nesse sentido, mas não com bactérias endofíticas da família Enterobacteriaceae. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivos estudar a diversidade genética de bactérias endofíticas da família Enterobacteriaceae isoladas de plantas de cacau, cana-de-açúcar, citros, eucalipto e soja, utilizando diferentes técnicas moleculares. Análises por ARDRA e seqüenciamento do rDNA 16S identificaram 20 haplótipos e revelaram que os isolados pertenceram aos gêneros Enterobacter, Erwinia e Pantoea, sendo este último o mais freqüente. Tais estudos revelaram ainda que a diversidade dos isolados variou de acordo com a planta hospedeira. A técnica de BOX-PCR foi também utilizada para avaliar a diversidade dos isolados. Um total de 23 diferentes OTUs (operational taxonimic units) obtidas indicaram que o total de isolados avaliados compreenderam pelo menos 23 espécies diferentes. Dois isolados foram transformados com pPAgfp, um plasmídio contendo os genes de resistência ao antibiótico ampicilina e o gene gfp, que codifica a proteína verde fluorescente. Tais isolados foram inoculados em plântulas de Catharantus roseus (vinca) e foi feito reisolamento de bactérias endofíticas em dois períodos diferentes após a inoculação. O impacto desta inoculação na diversidade da comunidade microbiana natural de vinca foi avaliado utilizando-se a técnica de ARDRA, a qual mostrou que os endófitos expressando gfp colonizaram as raízes e caules das plantas inoculadas, sem causar qualquer sintoma de doença. Além disso, os colonizadores endofíticos não levaram à diminuição da diversidade da população microbiana natural de vinca. Os resultados obtidos poderão contribuir para a compreensão sobre a interação entre Enterobacteriaceae endofítica e planta hospedeira, além de ajudar a responder questões sobre o papel ecológico dos endofíticos e seu potencial biotecnológico. / Endophytic bacteria have been defined as those that reside within living plant tissues, or extracted from inner plant parts without causing apparent damage to them. They also are able to play an important role in the process of plant adaptation. There is an increasing interest to endophytic bacteria and its potential in the biological control and many studies has been done in order to evaluate the diversity and the impact of endophytes and genetically modified endophytes (GME) released into environment. In this way, information about the diversity of endophytic bacteria has been obtained, except for bacteria exclusively from Enterobacteriaceae family belonged to different host plants. Thus, the aim of the present work was study the diversity of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria isolated from citrus, cocoa, eucalypti, soybean and sugar cane by different molecular approaches. The 16S rDNA of each isolate was amplified by PCR and the isolates were grouped into 20 clusters by analysis of restriction patterns of the PCR-amplified 16S rDNA (ARDRA). These analysis showed a variety of organisms, with 5 different genera encountered: Pantoea was most frequently encountered followed by Enterobacter and Erwinia, which isolates presented the great bacterial diversity according to host plants. Through cluster analysis of the BOX-PCR technique profiles, 23 different OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units) were distinguished, the presence of 23 OTUs could indicate that isolates comprised at least 23 different species. Two isolates were transformed with pPAgfp, a plasmid harboring the ampicillim resistance gene and the gfp gene, which encodes for the green fluorescent protein. These two isolates were inoculated in seedlings of Catharantus roseus (vinca) and re-isolation of endophytic was performed in two times after inoculation. The impact of endophytes inoculation was evaluated by using the ARDRA technique. It showed that endophytes expressing gfp colonized roots and shoots of inoculated plants without causing any symptom of disease. Besides, the endophytes colonizers do not decreased the diversity of the vinca’s natural microbiota. The results obtained here provided important insights into the endophytic Enterobacteriaceae-host relationship that will be useful for further answer basic questions about the ecological role of the endophytes and its biotechnological potential.