Desde o final do século XX, o tema saúde é um das mais procurados na internet para diversos fins. As pessoas que convivem com HIV/AIDS não estão afastadas dessa tendência, formando inclusive um dos grupos de usuários que mais acessam a internet. Um grupo com um passado e presente de produção de movimento social que muito contribuiu para a reconhecida política HIV/AIDS brasileira. O objetivo desta tese é identificar e analisar os padrões de busca e interação com o conteúdo em saúde na internet no cotidiano das pessoas com HIV/AIDS, em particular nos potenciais desdobramentos em processos de medicalização, tomada de decisão sobre condutas em saúde e relação com movimento social. A metodologia se baseou em análise de conteúdo de entrevistas e realização de etnografia virtual de uma página fechada no Facebook. As discussões sobre o material pesquisado foram divididas em categorias analíticas, cuja análise gerou os seguintes resultados: a sociabilidade produzida na internet contribui para diminuir o sofrimento em relação ao preconceito, tanto em relação ao HIV/AIDS, quanto à homossexualidade; há uma carência de espaços de acolhimento virtual em detrimento a uma maior oferta de espaços para discussão sobre políticas públicas; a medicalização na rede produz a chance de se obter condutas não recomendadas, no entanto, pessoas vinculadas a grupos virtuais possuem mais estímulos a não abandonar a medicação; a confiabilidade nos conteúdos da internet em geral possui um padrão de acesso a sites recomendados pelos órgãos oficiais do setor saúde; é comum pesquisar antes ou depois da consulta médica, no entanto a negociação se dá em cyberespaços de acolhimento; muitos ativistas do HIV/AIDS foram estimulados a participar do ativismo político através da internet. Há necessidade de se ampliar espaços virtuais de acolhimento através de políticas públicas incentivadoras; a formação médica precisa contemplar questões relacionadas à internet e saúde sobre sociabilidade, adesão, e terapêutica digital, prescrição de sites, blogs e redes sociais, devendo-se ponderar com questões de medicalização e prevenção quaternária. / Since the late twentieth century, health is one of the most popular subjects on the Internet for various reasons. People living with HIV/AIDS are not apart from this trend, being one of the groups of users with most intensive Internet access. This group is characterized by a intense participation in a social movement that greatly contributed to the acclaimed HIV/AIDS Brazilian policy. The objective of this thesis is to identify and analyze the search patterns and interaction with content on the Internet in the daily health of people with HIV/AIDS, particularly in potential developments in medicalization processes, decision making on health behaviors and relationship with social movements. The methodology involved interviews, which were later subject to content analysis, and a virtual ethnography of a closed secret group on Facebook. The discussion of the produced material was divided into analytical categories, whose analysis yielded the following results: sociability produced in the internet helps to reduce suffering in relation to prejudice, both with regard to HIV/AIDS and homosexuality; there are not many welcoming zones for people living with HIV and AIDS (PLHA) on the internet at the expense of a greater supply of spaces for discussion on public policy; medicalization produces opportunities to incur in unhealthy behaviors, however, people linked to social networks have more encouragement to not give up the medication; the reliability of internet content in general has a pattern of access to sites recommended by official agencies of the health sector; it is common to search before or after medical consultations, though negotiations about medication and symptoms take place in social networks; activists of HIV/AIDS were encouraged to participate in political activism over the internet. There is a need to have welcoming zones to PLHA on the internet guaranteed by public policy; medical education needs to cover issues related to the internet and health, such as sociability, compliance, and "digital therapy", prescription sites, blogs and social networks, but should consider issues of medicalization and quaternary prevention as well.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:07:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LouizeLLMC_DISSERT.pdf: 3080830 bytes, checksum: eb01a6463989fb3af5de7c0029771b42 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-01-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Over the last decades, the digital inclusion public policies have significantly invested in the purchase of hardwares and softwares in order to offer technology to the Brazilian public teaching institutions, specifically computers and broadband Internet. However, the teachers education to handle these artefacts is put away, even though there is some demand from the information society. With that, this dissertation chooses as an object of study the digital literacy practices performed by 38 (thirty-eight) teachers in initial and continuous education by means of the extension course Literacies and technologies: portuguese language teaching and cyberculture demands. In this direction, we aim at investigating the digital literacy practices of developing teachers in three specific moments: before, while and after this extension action with the intent to (i) delineate the digital literacy practices performed by the collaborators before the formative action; (ii) to narrate the literacy events made possible by the extension course; (iii) to investigate the contributions of the education course to the collaborators teaching practice. We sought theoretical contributions in the literacy studies (BAYNHAM, 1995; KLEIMAN, 1995; HAMILTON; BARTON; IVANIC, 2000), specifically when it comes to digital literacy (COPE, KALANTZIS, 2000; BUZATO, 2001, 2007, 2009; SNYDER, 2002, 2008; LANKSHEAR & KNOBEL, 2002, 2008) and teacher education (PERRENOUD, 2000; SILVA, 2001). Methodologically, this virtual ethnography study (KOZINETS, 1997; HINE, 2000) is inserted into the field of Applied Linguistics and adopts a quali-quantitative research approach (NUNAN, 1992; D?RNYEI, 2006). The data analysis permitted to evidentiate that (i) before the course, the digital literacy practices focused on the personal and academic dimensions of their realities at the expense of the professional dimension; (ii) during the extension action, the teachers collaboratively took part in the hybrid study sessions, which had a pedagogical focus on the use of ICTs, accomplishing the use of digital literacy practices - unknown before that; (iii) after the course, the attitude of the collaborator teachers concerning the use of ICTs on their regular professional basis had changed, once those teachers started to effectively make use of them, promoting social visibility to what was produced in the school. We also observed that teachers in initial education acted as more experienced peers in collaborative learning process, offering support scaffolding (VYGOTSKY, 1978; BRUNER, 1985) to teachers in continuous education. This occurred because of the undergraduates actualize digital literacy practices were more sophisticated, besides the fact being integrate generation Y (PRENSKY, 2001) / Nas ?ltimas d?cadas, as pol?ticas p?blicas de inclus?o digital t?m investido significativamente na aquisi??o de hardwares e softwares com o intuito de oferecer tecnologia ?s institui??es p?blicas de ensino brasileiras, especificamente, computadores e internet banda larga. A forma??o dos professores para lidar com esses artefatos, todavia, ? posta em segundo plano, apesar de se mostrar uma exig?ncia da sociedade da informa??o. Tendo isso em vista, esta disserta??o elege como objeto de estudo as pr?ticas de letramento digital efetivadas por 38 (trinta e oito) professores em forma??o inicial e continuada, por meio do curso de extens?o Letramentos e tecnologias: ensino de l?ngua portuguesa e demandas da cibercultura. Nessa dire??o, objetivamos investigar as pr?ticas de letramento digital dos professores em forma??o, em tr?s momentos espec?ficos: antes, durante a ap?s a realiza??o desta a??o de extens?o, com o prop?sito de (i) delinear as pr?ticas de letramento digital efetivadas pelos colaboradores antes da a??o formativa; (ii) narrar os eventos de letramento viabilizados pelo curso de extens?o; e (iii) investigar as contribui??es do curso de forma??o para a pr?tica docente dos colaboradores. Teoricamente, buscamos contribui??es nos estudos do letramento (BAYNHAM, 1995; KLEIMAN, 1995; HAMILTON; BARTON; IVANIC, 2000), especificamente, no que diz respeito ao conceito de letramento digital (COPE, KALANTZIS, 2000; BUZATO, 2001, 2007, 2009; SNYDER, 2002, 2008; LANKSHEAR E KNOBEL, 2002, 2008) e ? forma??o de professores (PERRENOUD, 2000; SILVA, 2001). Metodologicamente, este estudo etnogr?fico-virtual (KOZINETS, 1997; HINE, 2000), se insere no campo da Lingu?stica Aplicada e adota a abordagem quali-quantitativa da pesquisa (NUNAN, 1992; D?RNYEI, 2006). A an?lise dos dados permitiu evidenciar que (i) antes do curso, as pr?ticas de letramento digital dos professores concentravam-se nas dimens?es pessoal e acad?mica de suas realidades, em detrimento da dimens?o profissional; (ii) durante a a??o de extens?o, os professores participaram, de modo colaborativo, das sess?es de estudo semipresenciais com foco no uso pedag?gico das TIC, efetivando pr?ticas de letramento digital at? ent?o desconhecidas; (iii) ap?s o curso, a postura dos professores colaboradores diante da utiliza??o das TIC no seu cotidiano profissional sofreu modifica??es, uma vez que esses docentes passaram a utiliz?-las efetivamente, dando visibilidade social ao que ? produzido na escola. Observamos, ainda, que os professores em forma??o inicial atuaram como pares mais experientes no processo de aprendizagem colaborativa, oferecendo apoio scaffolding (VYGOTSKY, 1978; BRUNER, 1985) aos professores em forma??o continuada. Isso ocorreu em raz?o de os graduandos efetivarem pr?ticas de letramento digital mais sofisticadas, por integrarem a chamada gera??o Y (PRENSKY, 2001)

This thesis examines the discourse strategies used to construct initiation schools in online media and message boards. The focus is on understanding the tensions that come with enacting traditional practices in the face of modernity and its associated cultural expectations. The thesis describes the manner in which these tensions are constructed in text by the media in news reports and participants in discussion forums. While there is still debate around whether the internet will revolutionise public participation and create a digital utopia; the internet is acknowledged as one of the widest reaching sources of information and entertainment. Specifically, the internet provides a platform to challenge the traditionally top-down communication between the elite, who have privileged access to the media, and the general public, who were previously constructed as passive recipients of information. Using the male circumcision initiation rite, this thesis examines how the South African public discursively constructs the epistemic location of African traditions in South Africa. The study drew on a sample of news articles from the News24 site, the largest news site in South Africa, ranging from January 2008 to December 2013. A corpus of 62 articles were analysed using the Critical Discourse Analysis technique described by Teun van Dijk. The findings of the thesis were that the initiation rite is used as a rhetorical tool to argue for the abandonment of African cultural practices in favour of modern, Western influenced beliefs and values. The findings also indicate that the initiation rite is reduced to the act of circumcision in the media by focusing on the injury and deaths of the initiates and excluding the meaning of the rite as a meaningful cultural practice. The conclusion of the thesis challenges the epistemicide committed against the male circumcision initiation rite from within the Decolonial school of thought, which critically examines everyday interaction for universalising, normative language that aims to commit cultural epistemicide to reinforce the white, male, European, Christian traditions of masculinity. / Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)

This thesis examines the discourse strategies used to construct initiation schools in online media and message boards. The focus is on understanding the tensions that come with enacting traditional practices in the face of modernity and its associated cultural expectations. The thesis describes the manner in which these tensions are constructed in text by the media in news reports and participants in discussion forums. While there is still debate around whether the internet will revolutionise public participation and create a digital utopia; the internet is acknowledged as one of the widest reaching sources of information and entertainment. Specifically, the internet provides a platform to challenge the traditionally top-down communication between the elite, who have privileged access to the media, and the general public, who were previously constructed as passive recipients of information. Using the male circumcision initiation rite, this thesis examines how the South African public discursively constructs the epistemic location of African traditions in South Africa. The study drew on a sample of news articles from the News24 site, the largest news site in South Africa, ranging from January 2008 to December 2013. A corpus of 62 articles were analysed using the Critical Discourse Analysis technique described by Teun van Dijk. The findings of the thesis were that the initiation rite is used as a rhetorical tool to argue for the abandonment of African cultural practices in favour of modern, Western influenced beliefs and values. The findings also indicate that the initiation rite is reduced to the act of circumcision in the media by focusing on the injury and deaths of the initiates and excluding the meaning of the rite as a meaningful cultural practice. The conclusion of the thesis challenges the epistemicide committed against the male circumcision initiation rite from within the Decolonial school of thought, which critically examines everyday interaction for universalising, normative language that aims to commit cultural epistemicide to reinforce the white, male, European, Christian traditions of masculinity. / Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)