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A pesquisa se dedica ao estudo comparado das construções identitárias como estratégias políticas no cenário de polarização política da Gália Merovíngia e Hispânia Visigoda a partir da análise de diversos gêneros narrativos: Historiae, Leges, Hagiografias. O argumento defendido é que os discursos identitários, especificamente aqueles em torno da Gens Francorum e da Gens Gothorum, eram deliberadamente plurais uma vez que voltados para resolução de conflitos que se desenvolviam no plano político. / The research is a comparative study about the construction of identities as political strategies in the context of political polarization of Merovingian Gaul and Visigothic Hispania. Working with the analysis of diverse narrative genres as Historiae, Laws and Hagiographies the inquiry aims to indicate the deliberate plurality of the identity discourses in the Gens Francorum and the Gens Gothorum due to the complexity and diversity of political issues.

A pesquisa se dedica ao estudo comparado das construções identitárias como estratégias políticas no cenário de polarização política da Gália Merovíngia e Hispânia Visigoda a partir da análise de diversos gêneros narrativos: Historiae, Leges, Hagiografias. O argumento defendido é que os discursos identitários, especificamente aqueles em torno da Gens Francorum e da Gens Gothorum, eram deliberadamente plurais uma vez que voltados para resolução de conflitos que se desenvolviam no plano político. / The research is a comparative study about the construction of identities as political strategies in the context of political polarization of Merovingian Gaul and Visigothic Hispania. Working with the analysis of diverse narrative genres as Historiae, Laws and Hagiographies the inquiry aims to indicate the deliberate plurality of the identity discourses in the Gens Francorum and the Gens Gothorum due to the complexity and diversity of political issues.

With the collapse of the Visigothic kingdom, the judges of Catalonia and southern France worked to keep the region’s traditional judicial system operable. Drawing on records of judicial proceedings and church dedications from the ninth century to the end of the eleventh, this dissertation explores how judges devised a liturgically-influenced court strategy to invigorate rulings. They transformed churches into courtrooms. In these spaces, changed by merit of the consecration rite, community awe for the power infused within sacred space could be utilized to achieve consensus around the legitimacy of dispute outcomes. At the height of a tribunal, judges brought litigants and witnesses to altars, believed to be thresholds of Heaven, and compelled them to authenticate their testimony before God and his saints. Thus, officials supplemented human means of enforcement with the supernatural powers permeating sanctuaries. This strategy constitutes a hybridization of codified law and the belief in churches as real sacred spaces, a conception that emerged from the Carolingian liturgical reforms of the ninth century. In practice, it provided courts with a means to enact the mandates from the Visigothic Code and to foster stability. The result was a flexible synthesis of law, liturgy, and sacred space that was in many cases capable of harnessing spiritual and community pressure in legal proceedings.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:27:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 esteves_gmf_me_assis.pdf: 595118 bytes, checksum: 0554c6e3d5286bafc20e44f2e6d50856 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / A partir de estudos sobre a criação e permanência do reino Visigodo na Hispânia, séculos V a VII, procuramos trabalhar com um curto período, final da segunda metade do século VI e a primeira do VII, com atenção dirigida em especial a dois objetos: a Religiosidade e a Monarquia. Como fonte principal da pesquisa, teremos nossa análise voltada à Hagiografia da Vida e Martírio de São Desidério escrita pelo monarca que governou a Hispânia dentre os anos de 612 a 621, o rei Sisebuto. Ver nesta fonte um testemunho das relações de poder político em sua imbricação com o sagrado, ou seja, com o cristianismo, pode-nos mostrar como Sisebuto utilizou-se da Vita mais para suas circunstâncias ideológicas e políticas, legitimando seu poder, do que para o santo mesmo, tornando-se este último, e sua santidade, mais um coadjuvante que um protagonista / Starting from studies of the creation and permanence of the Visigothic kingdom in Hispania, centuries V-VII, we work with a short period, final of the second half of the VI century and the first half of VII century, with special attention to two objects: The Religiosity and the Monarchy. As the main source of the research we will have our analysis turned to Hagiography of the Life and Martyrdom of Saint Desiderius, wrote by the monarch that governed the Hispânia by the years of 612 to 621, king Sisebut. See in this source a testimony of the relationships of political power in its relation with the sacred (Christianity) can show us like Sisebut used the Vita more for his ideological and political circumstances, legitimating his power, for the life’s saint properly, becoming this last one, and his sanctity, more a coactive that a protagonist

Despite the recent interest in late antique archaeology and the increasing number of publications on the transformations of towns (both in Spain and in the Roman world as a whole), the concern shown towards aqueducts has been almost non-existent. Some studies have focused on exceptional local examples, such as Rome or Constantinople, but there have been neither general nor regional syntheses of the chronology of the abandonment of aqueducts on a broad regional scale. This thesis consequently fills this gap in our knowledge by offering an all-encompassing study and compilation of the available material and written evidence for aqueducts in Spain in Late Antiquity, it looks at aqueducts in the late Roman period, and how they evolve through the Visigothic and the Umayyad centuries. For this purpose, each aqueduct in the Iberian Peninsula is assessed according to the available information and studied in its wider urban context. By the end of the thesis it is possible to put forward some clear results on the degree of continuity of aqueducts in Spain. The information is used to analyse how the presence or absence of aqueducts affected the development of urban settlement and housing patterns away from a traditional Roman context. Aqueducts had not been at first an essential part of urban life, yet by Late Antiquity they had become so intimately related to it that the end of aqueduct supply modified urban landscapes. Finally, I present various scenarios to explain why aqueducts ceased to function and how the various elite groups of the period (urban aristocrats, the Church, the Visigothic monarchy and the Umayyads) tried to take over the control of the aqueducts, as they were not only extremely useful functional monuments, but also reminders and legitimising links to the Roman past.

Orientador: Ruy de Oliveira Andrade Filho / Banca: Ana Paula Tavares Magalhães / Banca: Terezinha Oliveira / Resumo: A partir de estudos sobre a criação e permanência do reino Visigodo na Hispânia, séculos V a VII, procuramos trabalhar com um curto período, final da segunda metade do século VI e a primeira do VII, com atenção dirigida em especial a dois objetos: a Religiosidade e a Monarquia. Como fonte principal da pesquisa, teremos nossa análise voltada à Hagiografia da Vida e Martírio de São Desidério escrita pelo monarca que governou a Hispânia dentre os anos de 612 a 621, o rei Sisebuto. Ver nesta fonte um testemunho das relações de poder político em sua imbricação com o sagrado, ou seja, com o cristianismo, pode-nos mostrar como Sisebuto utilizou-se da Vita mais para suas circunstâncias ideológicas e políticas, legitimando seu poder, do que para o santo mesmo, tornando-se este último, e sua santidade, mais um coadjuvante que um protagonista / Abstract: Starting from studies of the creation and permanence of the Visigothic kingdom in Hispania, centuries V-VII, we work with a short period, final of the second half of the VI century and the first half of VII century, with special attention to two objects: The Religiosity and the Monarchy. As the main source of the research we will have our analysis turned to Hagiography of the Life and Martyrdom of Saint Desiderius, wrote by the monarch that governed the Hispânia by the years of 612 to 621, king Sisebut. See in this source a testimony of the relationships of political power in its relation with the sacred (Christianity) can show us like Sisebut used the Vita more for his ideological and political circumstances, legitimating his power, for the life's saint properly, becoming this last one, and his sanctity, more a coactive that a protagonist / Mestre

Este estudo analisa as relações entre a difusão da religião cristã e a afirmação da hegemonia aristocrática no processo de constituição do regime senhorial na Península Ibérica entre os séculos IV e VIII. Considera-se essencial à caracterização deste processo a articulação entre cultura, religião e relações sociais de produção em desenvolvimento no período, eixo a partir do qual se abordam as complexas questões relacionadas à conversão e à preservação de crenças e práticas alheias ao cristianismo, concebidas no quadro das relações de dominação e resistência. Com base na análise de fontes primárias de natureza diversa, como a legislação régia, a coleção das atas conciliares, a literatura hagiográfica, os sermões, a liturgia, a poesia cristã e alguns tratados dogmáticos, destaca-se a íntima correlação entre a concepção de mundo, das relações travadas pelo homens entre si e com a natureza, divulgadas pelo cristianismo, e a afirmação da ascendência aristocrática na sociedade e no período em questão. / This work analyzes the connection between the spread of the Christian religion and the establishment of the aristocratic hegemony in the formation process of the landowner system in the Iberian Peninsula between 4th and 8th centuries. The articulation among culture, religion, and the social relationships of production being developed at the time are considered essential in order to characterize this process. From that point on, complex issues regarding the conversion to Christianity and the maintenance of alien beliefs and practices as part of the framework of domination and resistance relations were investigated. Based upon the analysis of primary sources of varied nature, such as regal legislation, a collection of conciliar documents, hagiographic literature, sermons, liturgy, Christian poetry and dogmatic treatises, emphasis was placed on the close correlation between the conception of the world – the relationships among men and their peers, and between men and Nature – spread out by Christianity and the establishment of the aristocratic ascendancy in society.

Este estudo analisa as relações entre a difusão da religião cristã e a afirmação da hegemonia aristocrática no processo de constituição do regime senhorial na Península Ibérica entre os séculos IV e VIII. Considera-se essencial à caracterização deste processo a articulação entre cultura, religião e relações sociais de produção em desenvolvimento no período, eixo a partir do qual se abordam as complexas questões relacionadas à conversão e à preservação de crenças e práticas alheias ao cristianismo, concebidas no quadro das relações de dominação e resistência. Com base na análise de fontes primárias de natureza diversa, como a legislação régia, a coleção das atas conciliares, a literatura hagiográfica, os sermões, a liturgia, a poesia cristã e alguns tratados dogmáticos, destaca-se a íntima correlação entre a concepção de mundo, das relações travadas pelo homens entre si e com a natureza, divulgadas pelo cristianismo, e a afirmação da ascendência aristocrática na sociedade e no período em questão. / This work analyzes the connection between the spread of the Christian religion and the establishment of the aristocratic hegemony in the formation process of the landowner system in the Iberian Peninsula between 4th and 8th centuries. The articulation among culture, religion, and the social relationships of production being developed at the time are considered essential in order to characterize this process. From that point on, complex issues regarding the conversion to Christianity and the maintenance of alien beliefs and practices as part of the framework of domination and resistance relations were investigated. Based upon the analysis of primary sources of varied nature, such as regal legislation, a collection of conciliar documents, hagiographic literature, sermons, liturgy, Christian poetry and dogmatic treatises, emphasis was placed on the close correlation between the conception of the world – the relationships among men and their peers, and between men and Nature – spread out by Christianity and the establishment of the aristocratic ascendancy in society.

La femme des débuts de l'Empire romain jouit d'une autonomie certaine. Nous nous sommes demandé ce qu'il en advenait lorsque la civilisation romaine était confrontée à l'installation durable de populations germaniques sur son sol. Nous nous sommes donc penchée sur cette époque charnière des Ve - VIIe siècles. Comment les dispositions législatives afférentes aux femmes, héritées du Code Théodosien évoluent-elles lorsque les rois barbares promulguent à leur tour une législation écrite ? Pour peser l'impact d'une mesure législative sur la société, nous nous sommes appuyée sur les témoignages d'auteurs contemporains, et nous avons confronté la lettre des textes législatifs aux formulaires des praticiens. Pour mesurer l'influence chrétienne sur les constitutions impériales et sur les textes germaniques, nous nous sommes attachée à lire les pères de l'Eglise et les décisions conciliaires. Nous avons tenté de saisir les raisons qui avaient incité à l'adoption de telle mesure. Nous avons voulu établir s'il était possible de parler « des droits de la femme », de l'Empire romain aux royaumes burgonde, franc, wisigoth et ostrogothique. Il apparaît que le droit romain est le fil conducteur qui permet de passer de l'Empire aux royaumes barbares sans cassure définitive. Il modèle le nouveau visage de la femme dans ces sociétés désormais germano-romaines. La fusion des populations passe par le droit et par l'imprégnation de la société des moeurs romaines. Bien sûr, quelquefois, les coutumes germaniques persistent. Nos législations vont puiser parfois dans le terreau fécond de la pensée chrétienne. Nous nous sommes efforcée dans notre étude de cartographier ces courants. / At the beginning of the Roman Empire era Women enjoyed a certain degree of autonomy. We wondered how it evolved when Roman civilisation had to face the durable installation of Germanic populations on its lands. We undertook to study the turning-point during the 5th to the 7th century. How did legal provisions regarding women, which were derived from the Codex Theodosianus, evolve when Barbarian kings decided in turn to enact written laws? To evaluate the impact of legislative measures on society, we have drawn upon the comments of contemporary authors and compared the text of legal dispositions with practitioners' forms. In order to measure Christian influence on imperial constitutions and on Germanic texts, we read the Fathers of the Church and conciliar decisions. We tried to grasp the reasons for the adoption of particular measures. We have attempted to examine whether it is possible to refer to "women's rights", from the Roman Empire to the Burgundian, Frankish, Visigoth and Ostrogoth kingdoms. Roman law appears to be the common thread which links the Empire to the Barbarian kingdoms, without breaking. It shaped the way women were considered in societies which had become Romano-Germanic. Law and societies' permeation by Roman mores contributed to the merging of peoples. Some Germanic customs obviously survived. Legislation sometimes drew on the fertile ground of Christian thought. We have attempted, in our research, to map these currents.