This thesis details an experiment designed to study the effectiveness of auditory (AP) and visual (VP) presentation modes in the free recall situation.

No description available.

Chunking is a cognitive process that re-organizes information into groupings, promoting efficient memory storage and recall. Due to the complexity of music scores, music reading requires both knowledge of the individual notes and recognition of musical chunks for rapid and accurate reading. For young piano students, it is especially important to systematically introduce and develop connections between individual notes and chunks. However, despite the importance of chunking, few studies have examined the development of chunking techniques in music reading for younger students. The objective of this thesis is to investigate how beginner piano method book and sight-reading book series for young students address chunking and provide a guide to develop chunking techniques that influence both reading and playing the piano. This study analyzes the contents of ten method book series and seven sight reading book series, examining the types and sizes of patterns introduced within the series, and the frequency of reinforcement. The study also examines pattern-related instructions, concepts and visual cues included in the series. The results reveal a lack of systemic chunking technique development, the importance of pattern recognition and the need for incorporating written instructions and visual cues to encourage chunking. Although the present study affirms the lack of development on chunking techniques in the evaluated teaching materials, the findings demonstrate the areas that could be developed to form chunking processes. Based on this research, suggestions are made to improve teaching materials to include chunking techniques and processes.

We examined relations between eye movements (single-fixation durations) and RSVP-based event-related potentials (ERPs; N400’s) recorded during reading the same sentences in two independent experiments. Longer fixation durations correlated with larger N400 amplitudes. Word frequency and predictability of the fixated word as well as the predictability of the upcoming word accounted for this covariance in a path-analytic model. Moreover, larger N400 amplitudes entailed longer fixation durations on the next word, a relation accounted for by word frequency. This pattern offers a neurophysiological correlate for the lag-word frequency effect on fixation durations: Word processing is reliably expressed not only in fixation durations on currently fixated words, but also in those on subsequently fixated words.

During the last decade machine learning has spread rapidly in computer science and beyond, and a central issue for machine learning is data quality. This study was carried out in the intersection of business and Human-Computer Interaction, examining how an interface may be developed for crowdsourced verification of datasets.The interface is developed for efficiency and enjoyability through research on areas such as usability, information presentation models and gamification. The interface was developed iteratively, drawing from needs of potential users as well as the machine learning industry. More specifically, the process involved a literature study, expert interviews, a user survey on the Kenyan market and user tests. The study was divided into a conceptual phase and a design phase, each constituting a clearly bounded part of the study with a prototype being developed in each stage. The results of this study give an interesting insight on what usability factors are important when designing a practical tool-type mobile application, while balancing efficiency and enjoyability. The resulting novel interface indicated on a more effective performance than a conventional grid layout and is more enjoyable to use according to the users. In addition, the ‘rapid serial visual presentation’ can be deemed a well-functioning model for tool-type mobile applications which require a high amount of binary decisions on short time. The study highlights the importance of iterative, user-driven processes, allowing a new innovation or idea to merge with the needs and skills of users. The results may be of interest to anyone developing tool-type mobile applications and certainly if binary decision making on images is central. / Studien implementerar en utvecklingsprocess inspirerad av design thinking metodologi, och undersöker således gränslandet mellan ekonomi och människa-dator interaktion. Initialt undersöks affärsmöjligheter för mobila crowdsourcing applikationer i en Östafrikansk kontext, och baserat på resultaten av denna förstudie, utvecklas ett interface för mobil crowdsourcing. Interfacet ämnar hantera verifikation av bildbaserade dataset genom att samla in beslut från användarna. Målet var att designa för två huvudkriterier - njutbarhet och effektivitet, vilket uppnåddes genom efterforskning inom användbarhet, speed-reading metodologier och gamificationprinciper. Interfacet utvecklades iterativt, baserat på krav från potentiella användare, såväl som input från maskininlärningsindustrin. Mer specifikt involverade processen en litteraturstudie, expertintervjuer, en användarstudie på den Kenyanska marknaden och iterativa användartester. Den konceptuella fasen handlade om att identifiera problemet och leverera en relevant idé av hur lösningen skulle utformas. Således togs ett novellt ”Touch-Hold-Release”- interface fram. Resultaten av denna studie ger en intressant insikt i vilka usabilityfaktorer som är viktiga vid design av en praktisk arbetsinriktad applikation, samtidigt som effektivitet och njutbarhet balanseras. Det novella interfacet som tagits fram indikerar på en mer effektiv prestanda än den konventionella grid-layouten och är mer njutbar att använda enligt användarna. Dessutom kan ‘rapid serial visual presentation’ anses vara ett väl fungerande modell för arbetsinriktade mobilapplikationer som kräver stora mängder binära beslut på kort tid. Studien understryker vikten av att arbeta iterativt, med användarfokuserade processer som tillåter nya innovationer och idéer att möta användarnas faktiska behov och kunskaper. Resultaten kan vara av intresse för den som utvecklar en arbetsinriktad mobilapplikation och särskilt då binärt beslutsfattande är fundamentalt.

<p dir="ltr">Accurate traffic information plays a crucial role in developing appropriate pavement designs. However, the existing traffic design input module often falls short in accurately describing the real traffic conditions on Indiana highways. Furthermore, a range of issues related to vehicle classification, transit bus traffic characterization, semi-truck platooning, pavement friction assessment, and highway model representation have been identified. This study aims to improve the design, safety, and visual presentation of highways in Indiana. In the realm of design, real-world traffic data will be collected and processed, while a traffic database of urban buses will be established. Both an axle-based digital classification method and a model-based image classification method will be introduced to categorize unclassified vehicles. The updated vehicle class distributions and axle load distributions will serve as pivotal traffic inputs for pavement design. Regarding safety considerations, a model for two-semi-truck platooning will be developed to determine safe and optimal headways. Characteristics pertinent to semi-truck platoons will be outlined and discussed. Additionally, a series of laboratory and field tests will be conducted to assess the frictional properties and performance of aggregates and colored pavements, thereby refining roadway safety measures. In the realm of visual presentation, the Building Information Modeling (BIM) framework will be applied to convert, enrich, and extend a highway model. A BIM-centered repository will be created, amalgamating a wealth of information encompassing traffic specifics and project particulars into an integrated visual platform. Moreover, Open BIM processes will be implemented, streamlining the exchange of highway data and ensuring seamless compatibility of models. The results of this study can offer valuable insights to drive improvements in highway design, safety, and visual presentation throughout Indiana.</p>

This diploma thesis focuses on the visual presentation of the Department of Physical Education Faculty of Education of the Charles University. Its aim is to analyse the current situation in the unified visual style of the department and propose improvement through a new graphic manual. The theoretical part contains information about the Department and its functioning, about cooperation with the university sports club and about the presentation of the department at various events. The theoretical part explains the background issues of the corporate identity and corporate image and shows how the selected departments at the Charles University in Prague and other Czech universities visually present themselves. The practical part analyses students, graduates, teachers' and the management's opinion of the work and visual appearance of the Department of Physical Education. And the key points of the presentation of the department in the graphic manual are summed and presented here. The knowledge acquired from this thesis and its output are primarily intended for employees of the department and people who will help with the graphical presentation of the department. Secondly, other departments that are planning to create their own visual style can get inspired by this work's models.

Le développement du commerce électronique a révolutionné tous les aspects de l’activité marchande, et notamment les éléments du marketing-mix. En particulier, de nouvelles formes de prix ont émergé, et les académiciens aussi bien que les praticiens doivent désormais faire face à de nouveaux défis. Des prix ayant plusieurs composantes, communément appelés prix complexes, sont désormais légion. La plupart des travaux marketing qui se sont intéressés à cette forme de prix ont insisté sur les biais cognitifs affectant leur estimation, en appelant les vendeurs à en faire un moyen pour réduire le sacrifice monétaire perçu, ce qui permet de multiplier les ventes. Cependant, rares sont les chercheurs qui ont averti aux risques liés à de telles pratiques. S’inscrivant dans un objectif de pallier à cette limite, cette recherche a pour vocation de déterminer l’incidence de l’usage des prix complexes sur leur perception moyennant l’approche de trois aspects : (1) la détermination de certaines formes de présentation visuelle pouvant entacher le jugement de leur annonce (2) les répercussions de telles formes de présentation sur la justice perçue du prix, et en l’occurrence, sur des variables-clés de l’activité marchande telles que la valeur de l’offre et l’intention d’achat (3) et la prise en compte de différentes sources de variance à caractère situationnel. Les résultats d’une expérimentation conduite auprès de 504 répondants confirment l’intervention de la présentation visuelle d’un prix complexe dans la dégradation de sa justice perçue, en montrant le rôle déterminant du processus : La justice procédurale d’un prix complexe apparaît alors comme un pilier incontournable du jugement d’une offre. / One of e-commerce development implications is the metamorphosis of all marketing-mixaspects. Especially, new price forms have emerged, leading both academicians and managers to deal with new challenges. Prices with more than one component, known as complex prices, become the main form used within this channel. The dominant stream of marketing research interested within this area has focused on cognitive biases that affect complex price judgments. Most researchers have recommended managers to use this form of price in a manner that reduce perceived price, and therefore enhance sales. Regarding the lack of research considering negative effects of such tactics, the principal aim of this work is to put the spotlight on complex price incidence on its perception within three aspects: (1) the determination of visual presentation forms that may damage this perception (2) the effects of such presentation forms on complex price perceived fairness, and consequently, on determinant variables such as offer value and purchase intentions (3) and the control of moderating variables associated with situational differences. The results of an experiment conducted on 504 respondents show the presence of a degradation of complex price perceivedfairness caused by its visual presentation form, with a determinant contribution of the process: procedural fairness is henceforth an essential pillar of an offer judgment.

This diploma thesis deals with a subject of taking advantage of visualization during the process of product presentation. Its main aim is to find out, if visual presentation (design) of the product cover affects consumer's behaviour during the decision process of buying a particular product. If this influence is proven, a second goal is set up, namely detection of effects of chosen factors of visual presentation on consumer's decision process. Diploma thesis is divided into 6 chapters. The first introduces the topic to the reader and familiarize him with the goals and structure. Second chapter theoretically describes fundamental terms of communication, especially visual communication. The third chapter covers issues concerning the product itself and its advertisement. This chapter brings to the end theoretical part, which gathers information partly from professional literature and partly from authors' knowledge and experiences. Practical part forms the main element of the thesis. Fourth part consists of various methods for analyzing previously questioned problems in detail. Sample questionnaire examining consumer's preference is drawn up as well as graphical proposals of product design. Chapter ends up with a summary of results found out during the query survey. Results are interpreted in details in the fifth chapter, together with an attempt to draw general conclusion. Last chapter summarizes gathered information and evidence. Contribution of this work is not only to emphasize the significance of product cover and its effect on sale. Corporations or more precisely their marketing departments should realize this fact while creating marketing plan and especially advertisement plan. They should pay more attention on appearance of the product cover. Benefit further consists in processing the whole topic, with neither theoretical nor practical literature is concerned, although proven that opposite should count. Thesis tries to show the direction of further investigation, possibly followed by more complex and extensive surveys, which should bring valuable results and could be used not only by firms but also by consumers themselves.

This thesis describes design and implementation of system that allows batch generation of graphical presentations. The system also includes modules for image quality evaluation using no-reference blur metric and salient object detection. Selected methods for evaluation of image quality are described in detail and implemented in corresponding chapters, including proposed modifications and changes. Blur detection is based on wavelet transform, and salient object detection is achieved by investigating image contrast. Capabilities of these modules are evaluated on suitable image datasets.