The field of Operations & Supply Chain Management (O&SCM) deals with large and complex structures. Evidence from practice suggests that management still runs in silos and decisions are often focused on specific functions as the totality of the problem and the impact on the broader organisation is not always understood. To manage such structures, managers have been investing in information technology to improve data availability and quality. Finally, good data is available with potential to enable holistic decision-making (DM). The field of analytics answers the need to transform data into information to support DM processes. Visual analytics rely specifically on visual representations to support DM processes. As visual analytics is still at its infancy, the aim is to identify what types of visual analytics has been used in empirical research, to support what decisions and its impact in O&SCM context. Evidence based literature review, also known as systematic literature review (SLR) method is used to review 41 papers. The most common type of visual analytics identified is modelling, mapping and visual interfaces between data and managers. These most often support Plan and Make type decisions. Vast majority of applications are identified as positive, enabling better understanding of the problem, greater management involvement in the process and better communication. Future research is needed to define the term “visual analytics” as the field is still at its infancy. Development and empirical testing is required of whether the identified visual tools are an enabler for holistic decisions in the O&SCM context.

[pt] A evolução natural dos modelos de interface com o usuário ocorrida nas últimas décadas popularizou o padrão baseado em metáforas puramente visuais. Este processo impediu o acesso de deficientes visuais a computadores e a novas tecnologias. Algumas propostas foram feitas para reverter esta realidade. Entretanto, a maioria delas estava baseada em adaptações dos modelos já existentes, e não em modelos específicos para deficientes visuais. O desenvolvimento de aplicações para tais usuários é uma tarefa que requer a utilização de novas tecnologias, outras ferramentas e outras mídias de comunicação. Esta tese de doutorado propõe a utilização de dispositivos reativos no projeto e implementação de interfaces gráficas capazes de assistir usuários cegos na concretização de tarefas simples de interação em duas dimensões. Tais dispositivos permitem explorar a percepção tátil, geralmente muito apurada em cegos, aumentando a eficiência da comunicação entre o usuário e a interface. Além disto, este trabalho investiga a utilização de transformadas de distância como um poderoso mecanismo de suporte a diversas tarefas de interação bidimensionais. / [en] The natural evolution of user interface models that occurred in the last few decades ended up popularizing a standard model based almost exclusively on visual metaphors. This process has left visually impaired users unable to use computers and to access new technologies. Some actions have been made to revert this scenario. Most of them were based on adapting the existing models instead of creating specific solutions for the visually impaired community. The development of applications for such users requires the use of new technologies, tools and communication media. This thesis proposes the use of force feedback devices in the project and implementation of assistive user interfaces, helping blind users in simple 2D interaction tasks. By exploring the sense of touch, such devices can be used to improve the efficiency of the communication between the user and the interface. Also, this work investigates the use of distance transforms as a powerful mechanism to support many 2D interaction tasks.

The Swedish Tax Office, Skatteverket, aims at providing a good service to its customers in order to favor compliance to taxes. The Tax Audit process of businesses plays a key role in this as Skatteverket and the taxpayer interact directly within this process. The focus of this thesis is to apply Lean philosophy to improve the Tax Audit process. Eliminating non value-adding steps, developing visual management tools and implementing a continuous improvement mindset are the tools used to achieve it. This Thesis states the observations of the current situation and develops three projects led by Lean. First one is a customer portal, an online platform which gathers all relevant information about the Audit. Second is the time reduction of an administrative process and last one consists in the improvement of the Pulsemeeting.

The purpose of this study was to determine what, if any, association exists between Thinking Maps® instruction and student achievement in fifth grade students in Reading/Language and Mathematics as reported by the State NCE scores of the criterion referenced portion of the Tennessee Comprehensive Assessment Program (TCAP) Achievement Test in 3 Title I elementary schools in northeast Tennessee. The association was examined after 2 years of Thinking Maps® implementation and instruction. Using a quantitative design, the quasiexperimental study included fifth grade students' State NCE scores from 2005 and the same students' State NCE scores from 2003. Scores obtained by fifth grade students who received Thinking Maps® instruction were examined for differences in Reading/Language and Mathematics and were also compared with scores obtained by fifth grade students who did not receive Thinking Maps® instruction for the same 2-year period. Paired t-tests and a 3-factor repeated measures design, repeated on 1 factor, were used to investigate differences in achievement as categorized by Thinking Maps® instruction or no Thinking Maps®instruction for 2 years. The results of the study indicated that there was a significant difference for the Reading/Language means for students after 2 years of Thinking Maps implementation but not a significant difference for Mathematics. There was not a significant difference between the two treatment schools in either Reading/Language or Mathematics. The 2 treatment schools had different percentages economically disadvantaged students. The results of the study also indicated that there was a significant 2-way interaction for Year by School in Reading/Language between 1 treatment school and the control school, the 2 schools with similar percentages of economically disadvantaged students. The findings of the tests of simple effect for the differences between the 2003 and 2005 Reading/Language means for the treatment school showed the 2005 Reading/Language mean was over 7 points higher than the 2003 Reading/Language mean. The findings of the tests of simple effect for the differences between the 2003 and 2005 Reading/Language means for the control school were also significant with the 2005 Reading/Language mean being 6 points lower than the 2003 Reading/Language mean.

This thesis will concentrate on previous and current learning methods of French as a foreign language. This understanding will help to plot the rapidness of evolution within foreign-language teaching. In conjunction with this evolution the thesis will also give a brief overview of the exponential development of technology. It will focus specifically on how technology created a new way of learning. The aim of this thesis is to depict whether there is a need to adapt the French language classroom with the current learning technologies in use. The thesis will also show that since people are different and since each generation differs in its learning preference, that technology can help to bridge the ever-growing gap between the learner and the learning material since people learn work on different ways. According to the proof that generations differ from each other and that the current young generation is referred to as the Net-generation, it will be clearly shown that this generation prefers to learn with technology. The correct mix of learning methods, learning technologies and different learning styles is one that is humanly impossible to achieve in a conventional way. It is on this basis then that the thesis will show that the correct e-learning technology should form an integral part of the new language classroom as it is the only solution to ensure that learning stays current and adaptive, and that it keeps on playing an important part in the evolution of mankind. Furthermore, a brief study will be conducted on the current and prospective use of e-learning technologies in the French language classroom of South Africa. / Thesis (MA (French))--University of Pretoria, 2004. / Modern European Languages / unrestricted

The business environment has during the last decades gone through major dramatic changes. Rapid and radical technological development and continuous change in both business practices and behaviours of the population, to name a few, have complicated and put pressure on organizations’ new product development (NPD) processes. Having an effective and efficient NPD process while succeeding in innovation in today’s business environment is a big challenge. Organizations face multiple organizational and process type barriers to innovation and have difficulties in finding suitable successful and efficient tools and methods. The overall purpose of this paper is to investigate how organizations dealing with product development can increase their innovation and efficiency performance, i.e. organizational performance, with the use of Visual management (VM). The aim of VM is to improve organizational performance by connecting and aligning organizational vision, core values, norms, and goals with other management systems, work processes and workplace elements. The individual elements of VM can affect how encouraged the employees are to perform in the workplace, hence having an effect on organizational performance. However, there are still many questions to be answered and new knowledge to be gained regarding how to best utilize VM, such as the understanding of what factors mediate the impact VM has on performance. The overall purpose is further concretized in a research model with five related hypotheses. A hypothesis-testing is performed in a comparative study with four large organizations. The empirical data is primarily collected through surveys with employees utilizing VM, with a total of 144 respondents. In addition, semi-structured interviews are performed with each department utilizing the visual tool; the interviewees being knowledgeable in the design and process of utilized VM. VM appears to have a substantial effect on innovation and efficiency performance. However, it has no direct effect, rather it exhibits indirect effects. VM’s positive effect on efficiency IV performance is mediated by efficient behaviour, and VM’s positive effect on innovation performance is mediated by an increased cognitive ability. This paper contributes to the understanding of VM’s impact on organizational performance. By statistical analysis it highlights previous research stating that managerial tools and processes indirectly has an effect on organizational outcomes. Proposed framework is a beginning of visualizing the complex relationship existing between VM and organizational performance in a product development setting. Practical implications are that depending on desired outcome in the use of VM, the framework can act as a guidance in the procedure of VM meetings, by highlighting certain activities. For managerial, it highlights that the goal should not be to develop the most advanced or novel visual tool; rather focus on improving the employee’s cognitive ability and efficient behaviour. / Bolag har under de senaste decennierna upplevt stora förändringar. Snabb och radikal teknologisk utveckling och ständig förändring av både affärsmodeller och konsumtionsvanor, för att nämna några få, har gjort det komplicerat och lagt press på organisationers produktutvecklingsprocesser. Att ha en effektiv produktutvecklingsprocess och samtidigt lyckas innovera i dagens konkurrenskraft har visat sig vara en svår uppgift. Företag står inför flera utmaningar gällande innovation och affärsprocesser för innovation och har svårigheter att hitta lämpliga och effektiva verktyg och metoder. Det övergripandet syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka hur organisationer som jobbar med produktutveckling kan öka sin innovations- och effektivitetsförmåga genom att använda visuell projektledning. Syftet med visuell projektledning är att förbättra en organisationers förmåga att vara innovativa och effektiva genom att sammanfläta vision, värderingar, normer och mål med andra ledningssystem, arbetsprocesser och arbetsmoment. Anställda kan påverkas av visuell projektledning till den mån att organisationens prestation i helhet påverkas. Det finns fortfarande många frågor att besvara och ny kunskap att hämta om hur visuell projektledning nyttjas på bästa sätt. Till exempel förståelsen för vilka andra faktorer som kan mediera effekten visuell projektledning har på organisatorisk prestation. Det övergripande syftet av detta arbete konkretiseras i en forskningsmodell med fem tillhörande hypoteser. Hypotes-testning utförs i en jämförelsestudie med fyra stora organisationer. Empiriska data samlas främst genom enkäter med anställda som nyttjar visuell projektledning, där totalt 144 anställda svarande. Dessutom genomförs semistrukturerade intervjuer med personer kunnig i designen och processen av det använda visuella projektledningsverktyget. Studien visade att visuell projektledning inte har någon direkt effekt på innovation och effektivitet, utan snarare en indirekt effekt. Visuell projektlednings positiva effekt på effektivitet medieras av II effektivt beteende och den positiva effekten på innovation medieras av en ökad kognitiv förmåga hos de anställda. Detta arbete bidrar till förståelsen av hur visuell projektledning påverkar organisatorisk prestation. Genom statistiska analyser belyses tidigare forskning som visat på att ledningsverktyg och processer som bäst indirekt har en påverkan på organisatorisk prestation. Ett förslag till ramverk presenteras som en början på ett försök att visualisera det komplexa sambandet som finns mellan visuell projektledning och organisatorisk prestation. Praktiska implikationer är att ramverket kan användas som ett guidande verktyg för designande av proceduren för visuell projektledning genom att lyfta speciellt aktuella aktiviteter. För chefer betonas det att målet inte bör vara att utveckla det mest avancerade eller nya visuella verktyget; snarare fokusera på att förbättra de anställdas kognitiva förmåga och främja effektivt beteende.