Background: African Americans have disproportionately higher burden of prostate cancer compared to European Americans. However, the cause of prostate cancer disparities is still unclear. Several roles have been proposed for calcium and vitamin D in prostate cancer pathogenesis and progression, but epidemiologic studies have been conducted mainly in European descent populations. Here we investigated the association of calcium and vitamin D intake with prostate cancer in multiethnic samples. Methods: A total of 1,657 prostate cancer patients who underwent screening and healthy controls (888 African Americans, 620 European Americans, 111 Hispanic Americans, and 38 others) from Chicago, IL and Washington, D.C. were included in this study. Calcium and vitamin D intake were evaluated using food frequency questionnaire. We performed unconditional logistic regression analyses adjusting for relevant variables. Results: In the pooled data set, high calcium intake was significantly associated with higher odds for aggressive prostate cancer (ORQuartile (1 vs. Quartile) (4) = 1.98, 95% C.I.: 1.01-3.91), while high vitamin D intake was associated with lower odds of aggressive prostate cancer (ORQuartile 1 vs. Quartile (4) = 0.38, 95% C.I.: 0.18-0.79). In African Americans, the association between high calcium intake and aggressive prostate cancer was statistically significant (ORQuartile 1 vs. Quartile 4 = 4.28, 95% C.I.: 1.70-10.80). We also observed a strong inverse association between total vitamin D intake and prostate cancer in African Americans (ORQuartile 1 vs. Quartile 4 = 0.06, 95% C.I.: 0.02-0.54). In European Americas, we did not observe any significant associations between either calcium or vitamin D intake and prostate cancer. In analyses stratifying participants based on Body Mass Index (BMI), we observed a strong positive association between calcium and aggressive prostate cancer and a strong inverse association between vitamin D intake and aggressive prostate cancer among men with low BMI (<27.8 kg/m(2)), but not among men with high BMI (>= 27.8 kg/m(2)). Interactions of race and BMI with vitamin D intake were significant (P-Interaction < 0.05). Conclusion: Calcium intake was positively associated with aggressive prostate cancer, while vitamin D intake exhibited an inverse relationship. However, these associations varied by race/ethnicity and BMI. The findings from this study may help develop better prostate cancer prevention and management strategies.

No description available.

Introdução: Especula-se que exista uma possível relação entre a ingestão de vitamina K e a diminuição da gordura corporal. Além disso, embora os resultados permaneçam controversos, há um número crescente de estudos que apoiam um papel chave dessa vitamina na melhora do perfil lipídico, da sensibilidade à insulina e na redução do risco de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, contudo pouco se sabe sobre quais mecanismos estariam envolvidos. Objetivo: Investigar as relações entre a ingestão de vitamina K (na forma de filoquinona - PK), gordura corporal, perfil lipídico e marcadores da homeostase da glicose em adultos e idosos. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 298 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, participantes do inquérito ISA - Capital 2015. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas para determinação do perfil lipídico, glicemia de jejum e concentrações de insulina; e índice de estimativa de resistência à insulina (HOMAIR), índice de estimativa da função de células &#946;-pancreáticas (HOMA-&#946;) e índice de estimativa da sensibilidade à insulina (QUICKI) foram calculados. A ingestão de vitamina K foi avaliada por meio de um recordatório alimentar de 24hrs (repetido em 75% da amostra), e a investigação quantitativa da massa gorda foi conduzida por meio da absorciometria de feixe duplo (DXA). Indivíduos com ingestão de vitamina K inferior aos valores de AI foram divididos em subgrupos de acordo com o estado nutricional e faixa etária. Foi realizada a Correlação de Spearman em grupos estratificados de acordo com o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) e com o Índice de Gordura Corporal (IGC). Para avaliar as associações entre a ingestão de vitamina K e cada uma das medidas bioquímicas e de adiposidade, foi realizada a regressão linear múltipla. Resultados: Dentre os avaliados, 46% eram do sexo masculino (n=136), com idade mediana de 61 anos (20 - 94 anos), e 56,4% apresentavam sobrepeso ou obesidade (n=168). A mediana de ingestão de vitamina K foi de 102,7 &#956;g, ou 59,9 &#956;g,/1000 kcal, sem diferença de acordo com sexo ou idade. A ingestão de vitamina K apresentou correlação negativa com o HOMA-IR (r = -0,603; p = 0,0134) e correlação positiva com QUICKI (r = 0,603; p = 0,0134) entre os adultos eutróficos do sexo masculino (n = 16). Em idosas com baixo peso (n = 12), a ingestão de vitamina K foi negativamente correlacionada com o Colesterol Total (CT) (r = -0,644; p = 0,0443). Entre as mulheres com elevado IGC e ingestão de vitamina K inferior aos valores de AI (n = 117), foram observadas correlações negativas entre a ingestão de vitamina K e HOMA-IR (r = -0,187; p = 0,0451) e correlações positivas com QUICKI (r = 0,187; p = 0,0451). Conclusões: Os resultados encontrados sugerem uma possível relação entre a ingestão dietética de filoquinona, gordura corporal, perfil lipídico e marcadores da homeostase da glicose, em amostra de adultos e idosos. / Introduction: Recent research have investigated a possible inverse relationship between vitamin K intake and body fat. In addition, although the results remain controversial, there is an increasing number of studies supporting a key role of this vitamin in improving lipid profile, insulin sensitivity and reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, but little is known about what mechanisms would be involved. Objective: To investigate the relationship between vitamin K intake (in the form of phylloquinone - PK), body fat, lipid profile and markers of glucose homeostasis in adults and elderly. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 298 individuals of both sexes, participants in the ISA - Capital 2015 survey. Blood samples were collected for determination of lipid profile, fasting glycemia and insulin concentrations, and homeostasis model assesment estimate for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), homeostasis model assessment estimate for &#946;-cell function (HOMA-&#946;) and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were calculate accordingly. Vitamin K intake was assessed by a 24-hour dietary recall (repeated in 75% of the sample) and quantitative investigation of fat mass was conducted using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Subjects with vitamin K intake lower than AI values were divided into subgroups according to nutritional status and age group. Spearman correlation was performed in stratified groups according to Body Mass Index (BMI) and Fat Mass Index (FMI). To evaluate the associations between vitamin K intake and each of the biochemical and adiposity measures, multiple linear regression were performed. Results: Among the sample, 46% were male (n = 136), with a median age of 61 years (20 - 94 years), and 56.4% were overweight or obese (n= 168). The median vitamin K intake was 102.7 &#956;g, or 59.9 &#956;g, / 1000 kcal, with no difference according to sex or age. Vitamin K intake presented negative correlation with HOMA-IR (r = -0.603; p = 0.0134) and positive correlation with QUICKI (r = 0.603; p=0.0134) among normal weight male adults (n=16). In underweight elderly women (n=12), vitamin K intake was negatively correlated with total cholesterol (TC) (r = -0.644, p = 0.0443). Among females with high FMI and vitamin K intake lower than AI values (n=117), vitamin K intake was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR (r = -0.187; p = 0.0451) and positively correlated with QUICKI (r 12 = 0.187; p = 0.0451). Conclusions: Results suggest a possible relationship between dietary intake of phylloquinone, body fat, lipid profile and glucose homeostasis, among a sample of adults and elderly.

Introdução: Especula-se que exista uma possível relação entre a ingestão de vitamina K e a diminuição da gordura corporal. Além disso, embora os resultados permaneçam controversos, há um número crescente de estudos que apoiam um papel chave dessa vitamina na melhora do perfil lipídico, da sensibilidade à insulina e na redução do risco de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, contudo pouco se sabe sobre quais mecanismos estariam envolvidos. Objetivo: Investigar as relações entre a ingestão de vitamina K (na forma de filoquinona - PK), gordura corporal, perfil lipídico e marcadores da homeostase da glicose em adultos e idosos. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 298 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, participantes do inquérito ISA - Capital 2015. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas para determinação do perfil lipídico, glicemia de jejum e concentrações de insulina; e índice de estimativa de resistência à insulina (HOMAIR), índice de estimativa da função de células &#946;-pancreáticas (HOMA-&#946;) e índice de estimativa da sensibilidade à insulina (QUICKI) foram calculados. A ingestão de vitamina K foi avaliada por meio de um recordatório alimentar de 24hrs (repetido em 75% da amostra), e a investigação quantitativa da massa gorda foi conduzida por meio da absorciometria de feixe duplo (DXA). Indivíduos com ingestão de vitamina K inferior aos valores de AI foram divididos em subgrupos de acordo com o estado nutricional e faixa etária. Foi realizada a Correlação de Spearman em grupos estratificados de acordo com o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) e com o Índice de Gordura Corporal (IGC). Para avaliar as associações entre a ingestão de vitamina K e cada uma das medidas bioquímicas e de adiposidade, foi realizada a regressão linear múltipla. Resultados: Dentre os avaliados, 46% eram do sexo masculino (n=136), com idade mediana de 61 anos (20 - 94 anos), e 56,4% apresentavam sobrepeso ou obesidade (n=168). A mediana de ingestão de vitamina K foi de 102,7 &#956;g, ou 59,9 &#956;g,/1000 kcal, sem diferença de acordo com sexo ou idade. A ingestão de vitamina K apresentou correlação negativa com o HOMA-IR (r = -0,603; p = 0,0134) e correlação positiva com QUICKI (r = 0,603; p = 0,0134) entre os adultos eutróficos do sexo masculino (n = 16). Em idosas com baixo peso (n = 12), a ingestão de vitamina K foi negativamente correlacionada com o Colesterol Total (CT) (r = -0,644; p = 0,0443). Entre as mulheres com elevado IGC e ingestão de vitamina K inferior aos valores de AI (n = 117), foram observadas correlações negativas entre a ingestão de vitamina K e HOMA-IR (r = -0,187; p = 0,0451) e correlações positivas com QUICKI (r = 0,187; p = 0,0451). Conclusões: Os resultados encontrados sugerem uma possível relação entre a ingestão dietética de filoquinona, gordura corporal, perfil lipídico e marcadores da homeostase da glicose, em amostra de adultos e idosos. / Introduction: Recent research have investigated a possible inverse relationship between vitamin K intake and body fat. In addition, although the results remain controversial, there is an increasing number of studies supporting a key role of this vitamin in improving lipid profile, insulin sensitivity and reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, but little is known about what mechanisms would be involved. Objective: To investigate the relationship between vitamin K intake (in the form of phylloquinone - PK), body fat, lipid profile and markers of glucose homeostasis in adults and elderly. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 298 individuals of both sexes, participants in the ISA - Capital 2015 survey. Blood samples were collected for determination of lipid profile, fasting glycemia and insulin concentrations, and homeostasis model assesment estimate for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), homeostasis model assessment estimate for &#946;-cell function (HOMA-&#946;) and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were calculate accordingly. Vitamin K intake was assessed by a 24-hour dietary recall (repeated in 75% of the sample) and quantitative investigation of fat mass was conducted using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Subjects with vitamin K intake lower than AI values were divided into subgroups according to nutritional status and age group. Spearman correlation was performed in stratified groups according to Body Mass Index (BMI) and Fat Mass Index (FMI). To evaluate the associations between vitamin K intake and each of the biochemical and adiposity measures, multiple linear regression were performed. Results: Among the sample, 46% were male (n = 136), with a median age of 61 years (20 - 94 years), and 56.4% were overweight or obese (n= 168). The median vitamin K intake was 102.7 &#956;g, or 59.9 &#956;g, / 1000 kcal, with no difference according to sex or age. Vitamin K intake presented negative correlation with HOMA-IR (r = -0.603; p = 0.0134) and positive correlation with QUICKI (r = 0.603; p=0.0134) among normal weight male adults (n=16). In underweight elderly women (n=12), vitamin K intake was negatively correlated with total cholesterol (TC) (r = -0.644, p = 0.0443). Among females with high FMI and vitamin K intake lower than AI values (n=117), vitamin K intake was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR (r = -0.187; p = 0.0451) and positively correlated with QUICKI (r 12 = 0.187; p = 0.0451). Conclusions: Results suggest a possible relationship between dietary intake of phylloquinone, body fat, lipid profile and glucose homeostasis, among a sample of adults and elderly.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-17T15:03:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1807154 bytes, checksum: 7aebebd024c49081a819ffba28e2ccae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The aging population is one of the main results of demographic trends during the twentieth century. Anatomical and functional changes typical of aging can lead to specific deficiencies of nutrients. Vitamin A plays a key role in numerous physiological functions and the serum retinol concentrations are related to organic resistance against infections. Researches aimed at the diagnosis of vitamin A deficiency should include the analysis of serum concentrations of inflammatory markers in acute phase such as C-reactive protein in order to enable better expression of the vitamin A status. This study aimed to evaluate the importance of the habitual dietary vitamin A intake on the serum retinol concentrations in elderly people. This is a cross-section population-based epidemiological study conducted in João Pessoa / PB / Brazil in the period from 2008 to 2009 with 212 individuals between 60 and 90 years of age, from both genders. Data were collected for habitual food intake, retinolemia, C - reactive protein (CRP), and socioeconomic and anthropometric aspects. The mean vitamin A intake was 1643.40 &#956;g RAE / day (p25 = 1112.20 - p75 = 2430.80). The average serum retinol concentration was 1.91 ± 0.68 &#956;mol/L. There was no correlation between CRP concentration and serum retinol (r = 0.061 / p = 0.424), nor with habitual dietary retinol consumption (r = 0.000 / p = 0.932). However, there was a direct relationship between consumption and serum retinol levels (r = 0.173 / p = 0.025). Only 3,98% (IC95% 6,88 1,08) of subjects had inadequate serum retinol concentrations (<1.05 mmol / L), and 12.4% (CI 95% 17.36 to 7.44) Inadequate vitamin A intake (<625&#956;g, males and <500&#956;g, females). The elderly population from the municipality of João Pessoa / Paraíba / Brazil revealed a proper retinolemia status and habitual vitamin A intake and no correlation was found between CRP concentration and dietary serum retinol, probably because the sample was composed of elderly patients with no acute infection or absence of decompensated chronic diseases. The present study emphasizes the influence of dietary preformed vitamin A intake on the serum retinol concentrations, which seems to be an affective strategy to combat vitamin A deficiency in this population. / O envelhecimento da população foi um dos principais resultados das tendências demográficas populacionais durante o século XX. As mudanças anatômicas e funcionais próprias do envelhecimento podem levar a deficiências específicas de nutrientes. A vitamina A exerce ação essencial em inúmeras funções fisiológicas e as concentrações séricas dos retinoides estão relacionadas à resistência orgânica contra infecções. Pesquisas direcionadas ao diagnóstico da deficiência de vitamina A devem incluir a análise da concentração sérica de marcadores inflamatórios de fase aguda, como a proteína C-reativa, com a finalidade de possibilitar uma melhor expressão do estado vitamínico A. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a importância do consumo alimentar habitual de vitamina A nas concentrações séricas de retinol em idosos. Estudo epidemiológico transversal, de base populacional, realizado em João Pessoa/PB/Brasil no período de 2008-2009, com 212 indivíduos de 60 e 90 anos de idade, de ambos os gêneros. Coletou-se dados de consumo alimentar habitual, retinolemia e Proteína C-Reativa (PCR), além de aspectos socioeconômicos e antropométricos. A mediana de consumo de vitamina A foi de 1643,40 &#956;g RAE/dia (p25 = 1112,20 - p75 = 2430,80). A concentração média de retinol sérico foi de 1,91 ± 0,68 &#956;mol/L. Não houve correlação entre concentração de PCR com o retinol sérico (r = 0,061/ p = 0,424), nem com o consumo alimentar habitual de retinol (r =0,000/ p = 0,932). No entanto, houve relação direta entre o consumo e os valores séricos de retinol (r =0,173 /p = 0,025). Apenas 3,98% (IC95% 6,88 1,08) dos indivíduos apresentaram concentrações de retinol sérico inadequados (< 1,05 &#956;mol/L), e 12,4% (IC95% 17,36 7,44) consumo de vitamina A inadequado (< 625&#956;g, gênero masculino e < 500&#956;g, feminino). Na população de idosos do município de João Pessoa/Paraíba/Brasil evidenciou-se adequado estado de retinolemia, e de consumo alimentar habitual de vitamina A e não encontrou-se correlação entre concentração de PCR com retinol sérico e dietético, provavelmente por tratar-se de idosos sem quadro agudo de infecção ou com ausência de doenças crônicas descompensadas. Destaca-se no presente estudo, a influência do consumo alimentar de vitamina A pré-formada nas concentrações séricas de retinol, o que parece ser uma estratégia efetiva no combate a hipovitaminose A nesta população.

L’apport en vitamine K a été identifié comme un facteur influençant la stabilité de l’anticoagulothérapie à long terme. Des études cliniques ont montré que les patients recevant un supplément de vitamine K (100 à 150 μg/jour) bénéficiaient d’une amélioration de la stabilité de l’anticoagulothérapie. Dans le but de vérifier si un effet bénéfique similaire peut être obtenu grâce à une augmentation de l’apport de vitamine K à partir de la diète, un essai contrôlé randomisé de 24 semaines a été mené. Les patients randomisés dans le groupe d’intervention ont participé à des ateliers proposant des recommandations nutritionnelles afin d’augmenter leur apport en vitamine K d’au moins 150 μg/jour. Les patients du groupe contrôle ont participé à des ateliers distincts recommandant une alimentation équilibrée. La stabilité de l’anticoagulothérapie a été définie par le pourcentage de temps passé dans la fenêtre thérapeutique (TTR≥70%) entre les semaines 4 et 24. L’analyse basée sur l’intention de traitement a montré que le pourcentage des participants qui répondaient aux critères de stabilité à l’anticoagulation étaient 44,4% et 27,3% pour le groupe d’intervention et le groupe contrôle, respectivement (p=0,22). L’analyse conforme au protocole a accentué la différence entre les groupes intervention et contrôle (52,2% et 27,3%, respectivement (p=0,088)). Les deux analyses ont montré que l’apport moyen de vitamine K calculé entre les semaines 6 et 24 était supérieur dans le groupe d’intervention par rapport au groupe contrôle (p=0,001). Cette étude tend à appuyer l’hypothèse selon laquelle un apport quotidien élevé de vitamine K améliore la stabilité de l’anticoagulothérapie. / Vitamin K intake has emerged as an important factor in influencing the stability of long-term anticoagulation therapy. Clinical trials have shown that patients receiving a vitamin K supplement (100 - 150 μg/d) present improvements in the stability of their anticoagulant therapy. Thus, a 24-week randomized controlled trial was conducted to verify whether similar beneficial effects could be achieved by increasing daily vitamin K intake through the diet. Patients randomly assigned to the intervention group attended workshops that provided dietary counsel to increase their vitamin K intake by ≥ 150 μg/day. Patients in the control group participated in distinct workshops providing general advice on a balanced diet. The stability of anticoagulation therapy was defined as the percentage of time spent in the therapeutic range (TTR ≥ 70%) during weeks 4 through 24 of the experimental period. Intention to treat analysis showed that the percentage of participants who benefited from an improvement in the stability of anticoagulation therapy was greater in the intervention group than the control group (44.4% vs 27.3% respectively; p=0.22). Per protocol analysis accentuated the difference between groups i.e. 52.2% vs 27.3% in intervention and control group respectively (p=0.088). Both analyses showed that the mean vitamin K intake calculated during weeks 6 through 24 was higher in the intervention than in the control group (p=0.001). The study tends to support the hypothesis that a high daily vitamin K intake improves the anticoagulation stability of warfarin-treated patients.

<p>Studies were performed on methodological issues on vitamin A intake, status and improvement in three Asian countries, to improve the dietary approach recommended by FAO/WHO to alleviate vitamin A deficiency in low-income countries.</p><p>The reliability of the practical 24-hour dietary recall method to assess individual intake of vitamin A during pregnancy was investigated in Central Java, Indonesia. The usual mean intake of vitamin A can be reliably measured, but data on attenuation of simple regression coefficients suggest that it is difficult to establish associations between vitamin A intake and some health outcome. The majority of women was below the recommended daily intake of vitamin A in all three trimesters and strategies to improve vitamin A intake in all women are thus needed.</p><p>The applicability of the simplified "Helen Keller International Food Frequency Method" to assess community risk of vitamin A deficiency in South Asia, even though it excludes breastmilk and animal milk, was tested in rural Bangladesh and rural India. Breast milk was found to be an important source of vitamin A even in the second and third years of life in rural areas of Bangladesh. Similarly, animal milk is likely to be an important source of vitamin A among preschoolers in certain areas of India. The method should be revalidated to make it a useful tool even in settings where breastmilk and animal milk are common in the diets of preschool children.</p><p>Whether it is possible to improve vitamin A status with dark green leafy vegetables in children free of <i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i> was investigated in northern Bangladesh. A substantial increase in serum β-carotene was seen after supplementary feeding of these vegetables for 6 weeks. The impact on serum retinol concentrations was less substantial.</p>

Studies were performed on methodological issues on vitamin A intake, status and improvement in three Asian countries, to improve the dietary approach recommended by FAO/WHO to alleviate vitamin A deficiency in low-income countries. The reliability of the practical 24-hour dietary recall method to assess individual intake of vitamin A during pregnancy was investigated in Central Java, Indonesia. The usual mean intake of vitamin A can be reliably measured, but data on attenuation of simple regression coefficients suggest that it is difficult to establish associations between vitamin A intake and some health outcome. The majority of women was below the recommended daily intake of vitamin A in all three trimesters and strategies to improve vitamin A intake in all women are thus needed. The applicability of the simplified "Helen Keller International Food Frequency Method" to assess community risk of vitamin A deficiency in South Asia, even though it excludes breastmilk and animal milk, was tested in rural Bangladesh and rural India. Breast milk was found to be an important source of vitamin A even in the second and third years of life in rural areas of Bangladesh. Similarly, animal milk is likely to be an important source of vitamin A among preschoolers in certain areas of India. The method should be revalidated to make it a useful tool even in settings where breastmilk and animal milk are common in the diets of preschool children. Whether it is possible to improve vitamin A status with dark green leafy vegetables in children free of Ascaris lumbricoides was investigated in northern Bangladesh. A substantial increase in serum β-carotene was seen after supplementary feeding of these vegetables for 6 weeks. The impact on serum retinol concentrations was less substantial.