The first cases of patients with pneumonia which grew into an acute respiratory distress syndrome and caused breathing problems began to appear in December 2019. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the cause of a global pandemic and it is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A complex interplay of factors is responsible for the progression of the disease. Some studies suggest that it promotes oxidative stress and thus may lead to oxidative damage to cells and DNA. The purpose of this study was to observe the relationship between oxidative DNA damage and a critical condition caused by COVID-19 using a comet assay technique. The basic principle of the used method consists in fixation of lymphocytes in an agarose gel, removal of the membrane and cytoplasm of cells, incubation with specific enzymes and electrophoresis. In the process of electrophoresis, negatively charged DNA fragments migrates towards the anode and the cell thus acquires the typical shape of a comet. Comets are visualized using the DNA intercalation dye ethidium bromide. We quantified single - strand breaks and oxidized pyrimidines and purines by using specific enzymes (modification of the method for detecting specific lesions). Results are reported as % tail DNA, thus the percentage of DNA in the...

Title: Categorial methods in structure theory Author: Jakub Opršal Department / Institute: Mathematical Institute, Charles University Supervisor of the master thesis: prof. RNDr. Věra Trnková, DrSc. Abstract: In the first part of the thesis we investigate functor algebras. Initial algebras have distin- guished role in the study of these structures, and it can be constructed by certain transfinite construction, which is called initial algebra construction. Sooner this year Adámek and Trnková have prooved, that the construction stops in either at most three, or in κ steps where κ is a regular cardinal. We continue with their work, and we study the relation between the size of the algebra and the length of the convergence. We prove that the length of the convergence never exceeds the cardinality of the initial algebra. Another transfinite construction has been studied in 1980 by Kelly. He has described the construction of free algebras for a pointed functor and defined a class of well-pointed functors for which the construction is especially simple (and is in fact special case of the construction of relatively terminal coalgebra which has been recently defined by Adámek and Trnková). In the last chapter we describe all well-pointed functors in categories of sets and the dual category, and we provide list of...

The objective of the study was to analyze the relationship of psychrotrophic lipolytic bacteria in bulk samples of cow?s raw milk and their metabolic activity based on the content of free fatty acids and identifying the factors that may influence their levels. The contents of free fatty acids (FFA) and counts of total bacteria, psychrotrophic lipolytic bacteria (PLiBC) and somatic cells were determined in 150 samples of cow?s bulk raw milk on 20 farms with three different milking technologies in South Bohemia during 2008?10. FFA were determined using an extraction-titration method. Within the compared technologies, the highest mean values of FFA (38,8 mmol?kg-1; P<0,001) and PLiBC (696 CFU?ml?1) were observed on farms with pipeline milking in stalls. The lowest mean FFA level (15,4 mmol?kg-1) was determined on farms with an automatic milking system. Medium values were determined on farms with parlour milking. From the aspect of the inhibition of an increase in psychrotrophic bacteria, and mainly in psychrotrophic lipolytic bacteria in conditions of cold storage of raw milk the temperature of 4°C seems optimum as it markedly inhibits the growth of mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria and at the same time the increase in the values of free fatty acids is slower at this temperature compared to the temperatures of 6,5 and 10°C.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. They are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Despite considerable advances in surgical and oncological treatment over the past two decades, overall treatment outcome has only slightly improved. In my thesis I focused on serum gene expression analysis of head and neck cancer patients, which followed the tissue gene expression analysis in same patients. Further we investigated gene expression analysis in tumour stroma, which is now considered as significant factor in cancer initiation and progression. We revealed several candidate genes, which are involved in signalling pathways connected with cell differentiation and proliferation and are involved in apoptotic pathway (BCl-2, BCl-XL a MAX). As well we detected down-regulation of the main tumour suppressor p 53 protein. In peritumoural tissue we detected overexpression of cytokines typical for embryonal development and ectoderm differentiation - IGF-2 and BMP-4, which significantly influence the phenotype of normal keratinocytes. Further we identified several candidate genes relating with overexpression of Gal-1 in stromal myofibroblasts rich tissue (SPIN1, FUSIP1, TRIM23, SLC25A40, PTPLAD1, MP3K2). HNSCC is a heterogeneous disease despite the presence of...

Good quality of bathing water is an increasingly important factor taken into account when we choose summer vacations, a place to stay for a weekend or a weekend trip destination. In the Czech Republic, bathing waters may be divided according to the legal status into outdoor swimming pools, surface waters used for bathing (swimming areas), other water surfaces or artificial pools. In my thesis I dealt only with outdoor swimming pools and swimming areas. The difference between them lies in the fact that outdoor swimming pools have their own operators who monitor water quality and provide other services in the waterside. Usually there is a fee charged. Swimming areas have no operators and water quality monitoring is placed under the responsibility of regional public health authorities. In the Czech Republic, at present, 188 outdoor swimming pools and swimming areas have been monitored on a regular basis each bathing season. For my research I chose four sites located in the South Bohemian region and four sites in the South Moravian region. For each of these eight sites, I collected results of laboratory analyses, including categories of water quality in bathing seasons of the past five years, it means from the year 2005. With these obtained data I assessed the water quality development both during the bathing season of 2009 and its evolution over the past five years. On the basis of particular categories of water quality I also tried to compare water quality in the South Bohemian and the South Moravian region and also to compare water quality between individual sampling points in one locality. Another aim was to evaluate some measures and interventions made in order to improve water quality. I focused particularly on the pond Olšovec in the South Moravian region and the VN (water reservoir) Orlík in the South Bohemian region. The results do not show any prominent changes in water quality both during the bathing season 2009 and over the past five years. Pronounced fluctuations in water quality were recorded only at certain locations during the 2007 bathing season. Not even between individual regions significant differences in water quality were found. The proportion of individual water quality categories in the two regions did not differ by more than 4%. We can therefore say that water quality in selected localities in the South Bohemian and South Moravian regions is comparable. As for certain measures and interventions implemented to improve water quality, it is important to focus also on the wider neighborhood of the locality, because it could also be a source of substances worsening water quality.

The purpose of this thesis is valuation of the Zentiva, k.s. enterprise. The value of this enterprise will be determined as of 1.1. 2014, using the discounted free cash flows valuation method. This thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical section. The theoretical section acquaints readers with the key terms and methods used during valuation. The theoretical section includes a chapter about the pharmaceutical industry and will familiarise readers with current factors influencing this sector, such as price regulation in the field of medicaments, demographic development, life style and others, which have significant impact on determining the company's final value. The practical section consists of a description of Zentiva, k.s., a strategic analysis, financial analysis, execution of a financial plan and, finally, actual valuation. The result of this thesis is valuation of the enterprise, taking into account socio- economic factors to determine its final value.

The thesis is focused on optimalization of jaw turnout lock hook forging process which is used in rail transport and is forged from steel of 13 240 grade. Production process of the hook, that is being used in Královopolská kovárna s.r.o. company now, leads to fold defect in the inner side of curved part formation. Conditions of the folds formation were defined using the numeric simulation of this process in Simufact Forming software. After that improvements such as change of semi-finished product size, change of geometry of ancestor shape, bending tools and forging die were made according to linear study of this problematics. These volumetric and geometric changes were verified using the simulation in software and relocation defect did not appear.

This diploma thesis deals with the company valuation. It contains theoretical background of valuation and description of the most important current methods and attitudes towards determination of market, liquidation and book company value. Subsequently, the theoretical methods are applied on the data of company EUROliftCZ s.r.o. Therefore financial, SWOT and strategic analysis is implemented and future development is forecasted. In concluding part different levels of company value are proposed. The outcome of the thesis is to be used by owners of the company.

The aim of this work is to design data center placed into an ISO container used for transportation. Maximization of the space efficiency and minimization of the running costs are primary. This work also contains a measurement of data center electronic parts power consumption, a computational fluid dynamics model, a simulation of external thermal gains and a 3D model with basic technical drawings.

Contrary to the classical mouse inbred strains with unnatural genetic variability, wild-derived strains offer a more suitable model for evolutionary immunology. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) belong to initial detectors of invading pathogens. Although TLRs recognise conserved structures they were shown to be polymorphic. This polymorphism is associated with various diseases. In my thesis, I describe variability of Tlr1, 2 and 6 in 24 inbred strains derived from two subspecies of house mouse (Mus m. musculus and M. m. domesticus). These Tlrs exhibit different levels in variability among the strains. In Tlr1 the polymorphic sites are spread along the whole exodomain. Tlr6 is quite conserved (a lower amount of substitutions located far from the binding region and with minor modifications in the amino acid residue properties). Tlr2, on the contrary, contains some substitutions with substantial alternations of residue properties that are located within or nearby the binding region and the subspecies differ at these sites. All alleles of M. m. domesticus and M. m. musculus, except for Tlr1 PWD, Tlr2 STAIL, are phylogenetically separated. The strains and the subspecies vary in the production of IL-1β, IL-12 a NO after stimulation by TLR1, 2 and 6 ligands. This trend is, however, presumably influenced by the effect of...