This research provides the original work on the geometry factors selection for single crystal sapphire optical fiber (SCSF) to improve the optical property in sensing applications. Single crystal sapphire fibers were fabricated with a Laser Heated Pedestal Growth (LHPG) system, which was constructed in-house at Virginia Tech. The cost effective, high efficiency and fully operational Laser-heated Pedestal Growth (LHPG) system as well as the fiber fabrication process were also demonstrated in this research. The results indicated the windmill single crystal sapphire optical fiber (SCSF) will readily improve the performance of current fiber optic sensors in the harsh environment and potentially enable those that are limited by the optical property of unclad single crystal sapphire optical fiber (SCSF). / Ph. D. / This research provides the original work on the geometry factors selection for single crystal sapphire optical fiber (SCSF) to improve the optical property in sensing applications. Single crystal sapphire fibers were fabricated with a Laser Heated Pedestal Growth (LHPG) system, which was constructed in-house at Virginia Tech. The cost effective, high efficiency and fully operational Laser-heated Pedestal Growth (LHPG) system as well as the fiber fabrication process were also demonstrated in this research. The results indicated the windmill single crystal sapphire optical fiber (SCSF) will readily improve the performance of current fiber optic sensors in the harsh environment and potentially enable those that are limited by the optical property of unclad single crystal sapphire optical fiber (SCSF).

The aim of the study To evaluate functional status changes, LV function and morphometry changes in patients with ischemic heart disease one year after LV volume reduction surgery of two different types. The objectives of the study 1.To evaluate clinical and functional status changes in patients one year after LV volume reduction surgery of two different types and to determine prognostic value of preoperative LV functional parameters affecting functional status changes in patients one year after surgery. 2.To evaluate LV function and morphometry changes one year after LV volume reduction surgery of two different types and to determine prognostic value of preoperative LV parameters for LV remodeling one year after surgery. 3.To compare LV function and morphometry changes in patients with anterior and posterior myocardial infarction one year after LV volume reduction surgery. 4.To evaluate the changes of mitral regurgitation grade and its relations with LV functional parameters one year after LV volume reduction surgery with or without concomitant MV repair. 5.To evaluate survival and its predictors one year after LV volume reduction surgery.

The purpose of this thesis is to introduce a family of interactive Switch Mode Power Supplies (SMPS) for reducing the overall volume of the conventional converter topologies in low-to-medium power (up to 60W) applications. As shown in this thesis, the interaction between power supplies and electronic devices can be incorporated with emerging digital controllers for SMPS, to implement flexible converter topologies. These flexible topologies dynamically change the converter configuration, based on the load requirement, to provide near ideal transient response and/or improved efficiency over a wide range of operating conditions. This interaction relaxes the energy storage requirement for the converter reactive components and results in a low volume implementation. The interaction with the SMPS can be between the electronic load and the power supply or different conversion stages of a multi-stage converter. The effectiveness of the introduced family of SMPS is verified on digitally controlled dc-dc and ac-dc converter topologies.

The purpose of this thesis is to introduce a family of interactive Switch Mode Power Supplies (SMPS) for reducing the overall volume of the conventional converter topologies in low-to-medium power (up to 60W) applications. As shown in this thesis, the interaction between power supplies and electronic devices can be incorporated with emerging digital controllers for SMPS, to implement flexible converter topologies. These flexible topologies dynamically change the converter configuration, based on the load requirement, to provide near ideal transient response and/or improved efficiency over a wide range of operating conditions. This interaction relaxes the energy storage requirement for the converter reactive components and results in a low volume implementation. The interaction with the SMPS can be between the electronic load and the power supply or different conversion stages of a multi-stage converter. The effectiveness of the introduced family of SMPS is verified on digitally controlled dc-dc and ac-dc converter topologies.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第24599号 / 工博第5105号 / 新制||工||1977(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査)教授 三村 衛, 教授 渦岡 良介, 教授 勝見 武 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

High test data volume and long test application time are two major concerns for testing scan based circuits. The Illinois Scan (ILS) architecture has been shown to be effective in addressing both these issues. The ILS achieves a high degree of test data compression thereby reducing both the test data volume and test application time. The degree of test data volume reduction depends on the fault coverage achievable in the broadcast mode. However, the fault coverage achieved in the broadcast mode of ILS architecture depends on the actual configuration of individual scan chains, i.e., the number of chains and the mapping of the individual flip-flops of the circuit to the respective scan chain positions. Current methods for constructing scan chains in ILS are either ad-hoc or use test pattern information from an a-priori automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) run. In this thesis, we present novel low cost techniques to construct ILS scan configuration for a given design. These techniques efficiently utilize the circuit topology information and try to optimize the flip-flop assignment to a scan chain location without much compromise in the fault coverage in the broadcast mode. Thus, they eliminate the need of an a-priori ATPG run or any test set information. In addition, we also propose a new scan architecture which combines the broadcast mode of ILS and Random Access Scan architecture to enable further test volume reduction on and above effectively configured conventional ILS architecture using the aforementioned heuristics with reasonable area overhead. Experimental results on the ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits show that the proposed ILS configuration methods can achieve on an average 5% more fault coverage in the broadcast mode and on average 15% more test data volume and test application time reduction than existing methods. The proposed new architecture achieves, on an average, 9% and 33% additional test data volume and test application time reduction respectively on top of our proposed ILS configuration heuristics. / Master of Science

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T19:24:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Francieli_Helena_Bernardi.pdf: 8314564 bytes, checksum: 7282573e74556a4d894e6d66f627a441 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-01 / The objective of this study was to evaluate the composting processes with different percentages of organic residues, identifying the mix that gives the best performance of the process. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Center of Agricultural Engineering (NEEA) of the Western Paraná State University (UNIOESTE). All waste from the composting process was drawn from the activities of the Agricultural Cooperative Consolata COPACOL. The following wastes were used as substrates: waste hatchery, flotation sludge, ash remaining boiler, waste machine pre-cleaning (cereals), composed of poultry carcasses, remaining coal boiler, solid fraction of pig manure, sausage casing (cellulose casings), solid fraction of the waste from washing of trucks, bagasse and Breeders bed. The experiment consisted of two tests: the first test, were mounted compost piles varying the proportions of waste, in order to test the waste mixtures by observing the behavior of the method, four mixtures with two replications in the hatchery was the principal for a total of eight piles. In the second trial, in possession of quantities of waste generated and the seasonality of their production, others were made four piles, with four replications compositions without varying the carbon sources. The first experiment was installed on December 22nd and 23rd, 2009. The residues were individually weighed on digital scales and packed in cartons, layered, and each windrow initial weight was 500 kg of weight. The temperature of the windrow was monitored daily. The weight and volume of the windrows were monitored weekly, every tillage and total solids and volatile solids, pH, conductivity, total organic carbon and nitrogen. Characterized the chemical waste "in nature and organic compounds at the beginning and end of the process by determining the macro-and micronutrients. The second test was implemented on September 4th, 2010, and were monitored the same parameters mentioned above. The temperature reached highs above 60°C during the composting process in all treatments in both trials. The average time of composting was of 67 days in two trials. The largest reductions in weight were observed in the second test (50,5%). The largest reductions in volume occurred on the second test (68%). The pH showed an increase until the end of the process and the EC decreased for all treatments in the first test, while the second test increased only in one treatment. The organic compounds obtained from the composting of organic residues have significant fertilizer value and can be used in soil as a nutrient source for plants, so the composting proved to be an efficient alternative for the treatment of industrial residues, promoting environmental sanitation. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o processo de compostagem com diferentes porcentagens de resíduos agroindustriais, identificando a mistura que proporciona o melhor desempenho do processo. O experimento foi conduzido no Núcleo Experimental de Engenharia Agrícola (NEEA) da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE). Todos os resíduos do processo de compostagem foram oriundos das atividades desenvolvidas pela Cooperativa Agrícola Consolata - COPACOL. Foram utilizados como substratos os seguintes resíduos: resíduo de incubatório, lodo de flotador, cinza remanescente da caldeira, resíduos da máquina de pré-limpeza (cereais), composto de carcaça de aves, carvão remanescente da caldeira, fração sólida de dejeto de suíno, invólucro de embutidos (tripa celulósica), fração sólida do resíduo da lavagem de caminhões, bagaço de cana e cama de matrizeiro. O experimento foi composto por dois ensaios: no primeiro ensaio, foram montadas leiras de compostagem variando-se as proporções dos resíduos, com a finalidade de testar as misturas dos resíduos observando o comportamento do método, sendo quatro misturas com duas repetições, em que o resíduo de incubatório foi o principal, num total de oito leiras. No segundo ensaio, de posse das quantidades de resíduos gerados e da sazonalidade de sua produção, foram confeccionadas outras quatro leiras, sendo quatro composições sem repetições variando-se as fontes de carbono. O primeiro ensaio foi implantado nos dias 22 e 23 de dezembro de 2009. Os resíduos foram inicialmente pesados, dispostos em camadas, sendo que cada leira teve como peso inicial 500 kg de massa fresca. A temperatura da leira foi monitorada diariamente. A massa e o volume das leiras foram monitorados semanalmente, a cada revolvimento, bem como sólidos totais e sólidos voláteis, pH, condutividade elétrica, carbono orgânico e nitrogênio total. Caracterizou-se quimicamente os resíduos in natura e os compostos orgânicos no início e ao final do processo, determinando os macro e micronutrientes. O segundo ensaio foi implantado no dia 4 de setembro de 2010 e foram monitorados os mesmos parâmetros anteriormente citados. A temperatura atingiu picos acima de 60 °C durante o processo de compostagem em todos os tratamentos nos dois ensaios. O tempo médio de compostagem foi de 67 dias nos dois ensaios. As maiores reduções de massa foram observadas no segundo ensaio (50,5%). As maiores reduções de volume ocorreram no segundo ensaio (68%). O pH apresentou aumento até o final do processo e a CE diminuiu para todos os tratamentos do primeiro ensaio, enquanto que no segundo ensaio aumentou apenas em um tratamento. Os compostos orgânicos obtidos a partir da compostagem de resíduos agroindustriais apresentam valor fertilizante significativo, podendo ser utilizados no solo como fonte de nutrientes para as plantas. Sendo assim, a compostagem mostrou-se uma alternativa eficiente para o tratamento dos resíduos agroindustriais, promovendo o saneamento ambiental.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T14:48:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Francieli_Helena_Bernardi.pdf: 8314564 bytes, checksum: 7282573e74556a4d894e6d66f627a441 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-01 / The objective of this study was to evaluate the composting processes with different percentages of organic residues, identifying the mix that gives the best performance of the process. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Center of Agricultural Engineering (NEEA) of the Western Paraná State University (UNIOESTE). All waste from the composting process was drawn from the activities of the Agricultural Cooperative Consolata COPACOL. The following wastes were used as substrates: waste hatchery, flotation sludge, ash remaining boiler, waste machine pre-cleaning (cereals), composed of poultry carcasses, remaining coal boiler, solid fraction of pig manure, sausage casing (cellulose casings), solid fraction of the waste from washing of trucks, bagasse and Breeders bed. The experiment consisted of two tests: the first test, were mounted compost piles varying the proportions of waste, in order to test the waste mixtures by observing the behavior of the method, four mixtures with two replications in the hatchery was the principal for a total of eight piles. In the second trial, in possession of quantities of waste generated and the seasonality of their production, others were made four piles, with four replications compositions without varying the carbon sources. The first experiment was installed on December 22nd and 23rd, 2009. The residues were individually weighed on digital scales and packed in cartons, layered, and each windrow initial weight was 500 kg of weight. The temperature of the windrow was monitored daily. The weight and volume of the windrows were monitored weekly, every tillage and total solids and volatile solids, pH, conductivity, total organic carbon and nitrogen. Characterized the chemical waste "in nature and organic compounds at the beginning and end of the process by determining the macro-and micronutrients. The second test was implemented on September 4th, 2010, and were monitored the same parameters mentioned above. The temperature reached highs above 60°C during the composting process in all treatments in both trials. The average time of composting was of 67 days in two trials. The largest reductions in weight were observed in the second test (50,5%). The largest reductions in volume occurred on the second test (68%). The pH showed an increase until the end of the process and the EC decreased for all treatments in the first test, while the second test increased only in one treatment. The organic compounds obtained from the composting of organic residues have significant fertilizer value and can be used in soil as a nutrient source for plants, so the composting proved to be an efficient alternative for the treatment of industrial residues, promoting environmental sanitation. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o processo de compostagem com diferentes porcentagens de resíduos agroindustriais, identificando a mistura que proporciona o melhor desempenho do processo. O experimento foi conduzido no Núcleo Experimental de Engenharia Agrícola (NEEA) da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE). Todos os resíduos do processo de compostagem foram oriundos das atividades desenvolvidas pela Cooperativa Agrícola Consolata - COPACOL. Foram utilizados como substratos os seguintes resíduos: resíduo de incubatório, lodo de flotador, cinza remanescente da caldeira, resíduos da máquina de pré-limpeza (cereais), composto de carcaça de aves, carvão remanescente da caldeira, fração sólida de dejeto de suíno, invólucro de embutidos (tripa celulósica), fração sólida do resíduo da lavagem de caminhões, bagaço de cana e cama de matrizeiro. O experimento foi composto por dois ensaios: no primeiro ensaio, foram montadas leiras de compostagem variando-se as proporções dos resíduos, com a finalidade de testar as misturas dos resíduos observando o comportamento do método, sendo quatro misturas com duas repetições, em que o resíduo de incubatório foi o principal, num total de oito leiras. No segundo ensaio, de posse das quantidades de resíduos gerados e da sazonalidade de sua produção, foram confeccionadas outras quatro leiras, sendo quatro composições sem repetições variando-se as fontes de carbono. O primeiro ensaio foi implantado nos dias 22 e 23 de dezembro de 2009. Os resíduos foram inicialmente pesados, dispostos em camadas, sendo que cada leira teve como peso inicial 500 kg de massa fresca. A temperatura da leira foi monitorada diariamente. A massa e o volume das leiras foram monitorados semanalmente, a cada revolvimento, bem como sólidos totais e sólidos voláteis, pH, condutividade elétrica, carbono orgânico e nitrogênio total. Caracterizou-se quimicamente os resíduos in natura e os compostos orgânicos no início e ao final do processo, determinando os macro e micronutrientes. O segundo ensaio foi implantado no dia 4 de setembro de 2010 e foram monitorados os mesmos parâmetros anteriormente citados. A temperatura atingiu picos acima de 60 °C durante o processo de compostagem em todos os tratamentos nos dois ensaios. O tempo médio de compostagem foi de 67 dias nos dois ensaios. As maiores reduções de massa foram observadas no segundo ensaio (50,5%). As maiores reduções de volume ocorreram no segundo ensaio (68%). O pH apresentou aumento até o final do processo e a CE diminuiu para todos os tratamentos do primeiro ensaio, enquanto que no segundo ensaio aumentou apenas em um tratamento. Os compostos orgânicos obtidos a partir da compostagem de resíduos agroindustriais apresentam valor fertilizante significativo, podendo ser utilizados no solo como fonte de nutrientes para as plantas. Sendo assim, a compostagem mostrou-se uma alternativa eficiente para o tratamento dos resíduos agroindustriais, promovendo o saneamento ambiental.

In this thesis different methods of optimizing line start permanent magnet motor (LSPM) for magnet cost reduction is studied. Influence of different parameters has been studied by simulating magneto-static and transient FEM models of the machine. Finally a motor design of a LSPM with high rotor saliency has been proposed. The first method investigated is the use of flux barriers in LSPM and its effect on the magnetic flux leakage. The flux barriers reduce the flux leakage and hence help in reducing magnet volume. The second method studied is the use of two different grades of magnets. Using low price magnets help in reducing the total magnet cost without reducing the air gap flux density. The reduction in NdFeB magnet volume is not substantial by using both the methods mentioned above. The third method investigated is increasing the saliency of the rotor by introducing flux barriers and reducing the corresponding magnet volume. Both the magneto static and transient models are used to study the effect of different parameters of the motor. The placement and volume of magnet plays a critical role in motor performance. At first, the developed reluctance torque of the motor is maximized by doing parametric study and then magnets are placed in slots to achieve the required efficiency and power factor. The motor is simulated with NdFeB magnets and with Ferrite magnets. It has been found that using high saliency LSPM motor the NdFeB magnet volume can be reduced significantly. It is also shown that the same performance of motor (as compared to the motor with NdFeB magnets) can be achieved by using Ferrite magnets. The volume of Ferrite magnet required will be larger but still cost-wise using Ferrite is an attractive choice. Therefore, a design of motor is proposed using both NdFeB magnets and Ferrite magnets. Finally, the performance of proposed LSPM motor with high saliency is compared with that of an induction motor.

As rain events are likely to intensify and the proportion of impervious areas in cities increases, greater demands are put on stormwater management. Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) have become more popular over the past decades to be integrated into the stormwater strategy in order to reduce the volume of runoff in cities. For NBS to be effective over long term, maintenance must be prioritized. This study addressed two questions, what are the difficulties in modeling (lack of) maintenance over time and what are the consequences in terms of water quantity with inadequate maintenance on the long- term efficiency of NBS?. This was found by developing a hydrodynamic model in SWMM, where three NBS types were modeled, rain garden, permeable pavement, and infiltration trench. The efficiency of maintenance was investigated by creating several scenarios where different parameters were identified to represent maintenance. The parameters were varied for different precipitation events, as the effect of maintenance depends on the type of precipitation used. In general, inadequate maintenance has been proven to have little impact on rain events with a return period of 2-years, while a large difference could be seen for intense rains. Two consequences as a result of an absence of maintenance are overgrown vegetation and clogging of the media. Clogging was investigated for all three NBS types, and was found to have a large impact on its efficiency over time. The result also shows that despite the inadequate management, NBS can still contribute to manage stormwater, but with lower efficiency. / I takt med att regnen kommer att intensifieras och andelen hårdgjorda ytor i städer ökar, så ställs allt högre krav på dagvattenhantering. Naturbaserade lösningar (NBS) har under senaste decenniet blivit alltmer populära att integrera i dagvattenstrategin för att minska mängden dagvatten i städer. För att NBS ska vara effektiv över tid behöver skötseln prioriteras. Den här studien adresserar två frågor, vilka är svårigheterna med att modellera (bristfällig) underhåll över tid och vad är konsekvenserna av bristfälligt underhåll på NBS effektivitet över tid. Detta besvarades genom att skapa en modell i SWMM där tre NBS typer modellerades, regnbädd, genomsläpplig yta och infiltrationsdike. Effekten av underhåll undersöktes genom att skapa flera scenarion där olika parametrar som identifieras för att representera underhåll. Parametrarna förändrades sedan för olika nederbördstyper, då effekten av underhåll beror på vilken nederbördstyp som studeras. Bristfälligt underhåll sågs generellt inte ha någon större påverkan på 2-års regn, medan en stor differens kunde ses för de intensiva regnen. Igenvuxen vegetation på ytan och igentäppning av media, som konsekvens av undermåttligt underhåll, undersöktes bland annat för de tre NBS typerna, och resultatet visade att det har stor påverkar på dess effektivitet över tid. Resultatet visar också, trots otillräckligt underhåll, att kan NBS ändå bidra till att hantera dagvatten, men med betydligt lägre effektivitet.