Diss. (sammanfattning) Alnarp : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2001. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Proefschrift--Utrecht. / "Stellingen": [4] p. inserted. Bibliography: p. 114-119.

Proefschrift--Utrecht. / "Stellingen": [4] p. inserted. Bibliography: p. 114-119.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1946. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 85-88).

In plants, P450 enzymes encoded by P450 genes play a central role in numerous biosynthetic pathways, such as the production of secondary metabolites, stress responses and disease resistance. This thesis reports upon the utilization of molecular biology techniques to study P450 gene(s) in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).Using several combinations of degenerate primers, a large number of barley P450 gene fragments were cloned and sequenced from two commercial varieties, Chebec and Harrington. Among 247 isolated sequences, twenty six percent were homologous to genes of known function. The abundance of these sequences differed between the two cultivars. Variations in the motif sequences of the cloned genes were also found between these two cultivars. In addition to the cloned fragments, twenty-two putative barley P450 encoding genes were identified from 24,000 cereal sequences in the International Triticeae EST Cooperative (ITEC) database by homology search. Among these Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) sequences, a full-length P450 sequence was selected for further investigation in this study.This novel P450 gene, CYP72A39, was expressed at a very early vegetative stage, but no expression was detected at the reproductive stage. Comparison of expression profiles of this gene and "digital expression" databases confirmed that this gene was homologous to several cereal EST clones with tissue-specific transcripts responding to various environmental stimuli, such as stresses and disease. Among these, many transcripts in barley were obtained from stressed tissues at the vegetative stage, and two transcripts in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were expressed after being challenged by barley powdery mildew pathogen (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei L.). This suggested that CYP72A39 may play a defence role in the barley seedling.The secondary structure of CYP72A39 was investigated in a comparative analysis using a computational approach. However, attempts to express CYP72A39 in a heterologous system and functional assays of the native protein in barley did not give decisive results, due to the disordered structure of the native protein and limitations of the current method. Screening the 3' UnTranslated Region (3'UTR) of this gene in 158 genotypes of domesticated, landrace and wild barley revealed two haplotypes, which differed by a 12 base indel positioned between two transversions. The presence of both haplotypes in wild and cultivated barley suggests this polymorphism predates the domestication of barley. This indel was mapped to the long arm of chromosome 6H, less than 10 centi-Morgans (cM) from the gene encoding resistance to powdery mildew in barley (B. graminis). A comparison between haplotype diversity and powdery mildew resistance data for over 102 genotypes showed a weak link between the 'long' haplotype and resistance, while the 'short' haplotype was associated with susceptibility. There was no evidence for a strong correlation between haplotype and quality type (malt or feed); however, more malting varieties had the long haplotype, suggesting a possible association with some attributes in modern malting barley. There was no evidence for association with other characteristics such as geographic origin, growth habit or row number. Phylogenetic relationship of the CYP72A39 to other CYP72 members was also investigated.

La finalidad del presente estudio es construir una herramienta de modelamiento y gestión de datos (sobre la base de un SIG) que permita la integración de los componentes ambientales (sub modelos cartográficos) tales como el físico-geográfico, el climático, el edafológico y el hídrico mediante el uso de cuatro sub-modelos cartográficos. Esto con la finalidad de realizar una zonificación agroecológica que delimita áreas con aptitud agroecológica para el cultivo de orégano del distrito de Tarata, provincia de Tarata, Departamento de Tacna. Los resultados obtenidos en el presente estudio determinaron áreas para el cultivo de orégano (Origanum vulgare L.), con diferentes grados de adaptación. Ello brinda una orientación espacial sobre las expectativas de producción de los cultivos en función a variables de clima, suelo, agua, altitud y pendiente, determinando zonas similares que cumplen condiciones y exigencias iníciales del cultivo mencionado. Esta estrategia de modelamiento permitió apreciar restricciones y potencialidades, obteniendo resultados que mantienen una concordancia con la realidad. Es importante mencionar que en todas las etapas desarrolladas se involucra a los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) en todo un proceso de análisis espacial mediante el uso de la geoestadística. Esta zonificación agroecológica se realizó mediante un procedimiento muy avanzado de modelamiento teórico-cartográfico ejecutado con el instrumento SIG, Model Builder. Éste vínculo del SIG en el análisis espacial permitió identificar los espacios agrícolas de acuerdo a las potencialidades y limitaciones de los lugares, para finalmente caracterizar zonas estratégicas para la producción óptima de uno de los principales cultivos de la Región Tacna.

Diss. (sammanfattning)--Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksUniversity. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:56:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LINEU_TESE FINAL TEXTO.pdf: 518709 bytes, checksum: f685f5e551f32567e1d546a68d60b02b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-22 / The purpose of this experiment was to analyze the effect of five level of irrigation water depth replacement on the production of fresh and dry weight for aerial parts and roots; net profit, water use efficiency, content and yield of oregano essential oil. The water depth had been based on the class A pan evaporation (ECA) as is: 0% ECA (no irrigation); 25% ECA; 50% ECA; 75% ECA and 100% ECA. The experiment was installed in President Prudente-SP in the periods: experiment 1 (02/24 to the 05/24/2006) and experiment 2 (07/13 to the 10/14/2006). The work was divided in two articles. Article 1 - Oregano production with different water depths replacement using class A pan evaporation, which had a linear and positive relation with the water depth increment, for the fresh and dry weight for aerial parts and roots. The 100% ECA replacement water depth has presented the maximum productivity (8089.70 kg ha-1), and also the maximum annual net profit (R$ 72,085.79). In the Article 2 - Content and yield of essential oil in oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) influenced by different irrigation depths, it was observed that the fresh weight production (MFPA), the content and the yield of oregano essential oil had been influenced by the irrigation depth, with the biggest values to the experiment 1 found in the treatment with 100% ECA. On the experiment 2, only the fresh weight production has been influenced by the treatments. Therefore, the oregano has the production of biomass and essential oil favored by humid environments, being indicated the use of the 100% ECA irrigation depth. / O objetivo deste experimento foi analisar o efeito de cinco lâminas de irrigação na produção de massa fresca e seca das folhas e das raízes, receita líquida, eficiência do uso da água, teor e o rendimento de óleo essencial do orégano. As lâminas foram baseadas na evaporação do Tanque Classe A (ECA) sendo: 0% ECA (sem reposição de água); 25% ECA; 50% ECA; 75% ECA e 100% ECA. O experimento foi instalado em Presidente Prudente-SP nos períodos: (24/02 a 24/05/2006) ensaio 1 e (13/07 a 14/10/2006) ensaio 2. O trabalho foi dividido em dois artigos. Artigo 1 - Produção de orégano com diferentes lâminas de reposição de água utilizando Tanque Classe A, no qual observou-se uma relação linear e positiva com o incremento das lâminas de reposição de água para as variáveis massa fresca da parte aérea e de raízes, e massa seca da parte aérea e de raízes. A lâmina de reposição de água de 100% ECA apresentou a máxima produtividade (8089,70 kg ha-1) e a máxima receita líquida anual (R$ 72085,79). No Artigo 2 - Teor e rendimento de óleo essencial do orégano (Origanum Vulgare L.) em função de diferentes lâminas de irrigação, observou-se que a massa fresca, o teor e o rendimento do óleo foram influenciados pelas lâminas de irrigação com os maiores valores observados para o ensaio 1 no tratamento com 100% ECA. Para o ensaio 2 apenas a massa fresca da parte aérea foi influenciada pelos tratamentos. Portanto o orégano é uma planta que tem a produção de biomassa e de óleo essencial favorecida em ambientes úmidos, sendo indicado o uso da lâmina equivalente a 100% ECA.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:51:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LINEU_TESE FINAL TEXTO.pdf: 518709 bytes, checksum: f685f5e551f32567e1d546a68d60b02b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-22 / The purpose of this experiment was to analyze the effect of five level of irrigation water depth replacement on the production of fresh and dry weight for aerial parts and roots; net profit, water use efficiency, content and yield of oregano essential oil. The water depth had been based on the class A pan evaporation (ECA) as is: 0% ECA (no irrigation); 25% ECA; 50% ECA; 75% ECA and 100% ECA. The experiment was installed in President Prudente-SP in the periods: experiment 1 (02/24 to the 05/24/2006) and experiment 2 (07/13 to the 10/14/2006). The work was divided in two articles. Article 1 - Oregano production with different water depths replacement using class A pan evaporation, which had a linear and positive relation with the water depth increment, for the fresh and dry weight for aerial parts and roots. The 100% ECA replacement water depth has presented the maximum productivity (8089.70 kg ha-1), and also the maximum annual net profit (R$ 72,085.79). In the Article 2 - Content and yield of essential oil in oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) influenced by different irrigation depths, it was observed that the fresh weight production (MFPA), the content and the yield of oregano essential oil had been influenced by the irrigation depth, with the biggest values to the experiment 1 found in the treatment with 100% ECA. On the experiment 2, only the fresh weight production has been influenced by the treatments. Therefore, the oregano has the production of biomass and essential oil favored by humid environments, being indicated the use of the 100% ECA irrigation depth. / O objetivo deste experimento foi analisar o efeito de cinco lâminas de irrigação na produção de massa fresca e seca das folhas e das raízes, receita líquida, eficiência do uso da água, teor e o rendimento de óleo essencial do orégano. As lâminas foram baseadas na evaporação do Tanque Classe A (ECA) sendo: 0% ECA (sem reposição de água); 25% ECA; 50% ECA; 75% ECA e 100% ECA. O experimento foi instalado em Presidente Prudente-SP nos períodos: (24/02 a 24/05/2006) ensaio 1 e (13/07 a 14/10/2006) ensaio 2. O trabalho foi dividido em dois artigos. Artigo 1 - Produção de orégano com diferentes lâminas de reposição de água utilizando Tanque Classe A, no qual observou-se uma relação linear e positiva com o incremento das lâminas de reposição de água para as variáveis massa fresca da parte aérea e de raízes, e massa seca da parte aérea e de raízes. A lâmina de reposição de água de 100% ECA apresentou a máxima produtividade (8089,70 kg ha-1) e a máxima receita líquida anual (R$ 72085,79). No Artigo 2 - Teor e rendimento de óleo essencial do orégano (Origanum Vulgare L.) em função de diferentes lâminas de irrigação, observou-se que a massa fresca, o teor e o rendimento do óleo foram influenciados pelas lâminas de irrigação com os maiores valores observados para o ensaio 1 no tratamento com 100% ECA. Para o ensaio 2 apenas a massa fresca da parte aérea foi influenciada pelos tratamentos. Portanto o orégano é uma planta que tem a produção de biomassa e de óleo essencial favorecida em ambientes úmidos, sendo indicado o uso da lâmina equivalente a 100% ECA.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:59:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4925052 bytes, checksum: 9613713ae92eb5982fc11682f850883a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-01-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Fusarium species have emerged as one of the more clinically important groups of filamentous fungi, causing localized and invasive infections with high morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Due to increasing clinical relevance of Fusarium and because the antimicrobial properties of essential oils have been known for many centuries this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of essential oils in inhibiting the growth of Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum. In this study, the following methods have been used: microbiological screening; determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC); kinetics of microbial death; inhibition of coinidia germination and evaluation of morphological changes. The analysis of the oil chemical composition was performed by gas chromatography-mass scpectrometry (GC-MS). Among seven essential oils tested, Ocimum gratissimum Blume and Origanum vulgare L. essential oils exhibited potent antifungal activity, noted by the large growth inhibition zones with the average diameter of 29 and 42mm, respectively. The phytochemical analysis of O. vulgare showed that the main constituents of the essential oil are carvacrol (67,97 %), pcymene (11,67 %), -terpinene (7,92 %), thymol (7,84 %) and linalool (3,44 %). The essential oil from O. vulgare had a significant inhibitory effect on all assayed fungi. The values of MIC were 128 and 256 μg/mL, while MFC were in the range of 256 to values over 1.024 μg/mL, for the essential oil of O. vulgare. The essential oil from O. vulgare at 128, 256, 512 and 1.024 μg/mL strongly prevented mycelial growth. In these same concentrations, the oil was effective in inhibited the conidia germination of both species. Determination of the essential oil s effect over Fusarium strains morphogenesis demonstrated the essential oil was able to cause decreased conidiation, leakage of cytoplasm (empty hyphae) and distorted development hyphae. Given this, it is concluded that the essential oil from O. vulgare showed a strong inhibitory activity against Fusarium species and can be regarded as a potential product with antifungal properties, especially for the treatment of mycoses caused by Fusarium spp. / As espécies de Fusarium têm emergido como um dos grupos clinicamente mais importantes de fungos filamentosos, causando infecções localizadas e invasivas com alta morbidade e mortalidade em pacientes imunocomprometidos. Devido à crescente relevância clínica dos fungos do gênero Fusarium e porque as propriedades antimicrobianas de óleos essenciais são conhecidas há muitos séculos, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia dos óleos essenciais na inibição do crescimento de Fusarium solani e Fusarium oxysporum. Neste estudo, os seguintes métodos foram utilizados: triagem microbiológica; determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e concentração fungicida mínima (CFM); cinética de morte microbiana; inibição da germinação de conídios e avaliação de alterações morfológicas. A análise da composição química do óleo foi realizada por cromatografia a gás acoplada ao espectrômetro de massas (CG-EM). Dentre os sete óleos essenciais testados, os óleos essenciais de Ocimum gratissimum e de Origanum vulgare exibiram potente atividade antifúngica, produzindo grandes zonas de inibição de crescimento, com o diâmetro médio de 29 e 42 mm, respectivamente. A análise fitoquímica do O. vulgare mostrou que os principais constituintes do óleo essencial são carvacrol (67,97%), p-cimeno (11,67%), -terpinemo (7,92%), timol (7,84%) e linalol (3,44%). O óleo essencial de O. vulgare teve um efeito inibidor significativo sobre o crescimento de todos os fungos ensaiados. Os valores de CIM foram de 128 e 256 μg/mL, enquanto os valores de CFM variaram de 256 a valores acima de 1.024 μg/mL, para o óleo essencial de O. vulgare. O óleo essencial de O. vulgare a 128, 256, 512 e 1.024 μg/mL impediu fortemente o crescimento micelial. Nestas mesmas concentrações, o óleo foi eficaz na inibição da germinação de conídios de ambas as espécies. A determinação do efeito do óleo essencial sobre a morfogênese de cepas de Fusarium demonstrou que o óleo essencial foi capaz de causar redução da conidiação, perda de citoplasma (hifas vazias) e desenvolvimento distorcidos das hifas. Diante disso, conclui-se que o óleo essencial de O. vulgare mostrou uma forte atividade inibidora contra espécies de Fusarium e pode ser considerado como um potencial produto com propriedades antifúngicas, especialmente para o tratamento de micoses causadas por Fusarium spp.