Sett utifrån ett historiskt perspektiv har utvecklingen av soldatens utrustning skett relativt långsamt. Dock har utvecklingen under det senaste decenniet gått fort framåt. I början på 2000-talet konfronterades flera länder av behovet av att utveckla soldaten och dennes personliga utrustning. Därför startade många länder egna framtida soldatsystemsprojekt. Tillgången till ett C4I-system är något som alla framtida soldatsystemsprojekt har gemensamt. Ett av C4I-systemets syfte är att underlätta för soldatens lägesuppfattning om egen position, egen enhets position och motståndarens position, samt den omgivande terrängen.Arbetets syfte är att ta reda på den militära nyttan av ett C4I-system vid bevakningstjänst. Två slutsatser som arbetet visar är att C4I-systemet bidrar till att öka soldatens förmåga för lägesuppfattning och orientering i terrängen. Tillgången till en digitalkarta underlättar orientering vid svåra förhållanden som i okänd terräng, nedsatt sikt och mörker. Den ökade lägesuppfattningsförmågan ger soldaten möjlighet att kunna skapa sig en överblick över och förståelse om den aktuella situationen, vilket leder till ökad effektivitet vid bevakningstjänst. / Seen from a historical perspective, the development of soldiers’ equipment has been relatively slow. However, developments this past decade have been faster. In the early 2000s several countries needed to develop soldiers’ personal equipment. Therefore, several countries have launched their own future soldier system project. The availability of a C4I system is something that all soldier modernization programmes have in common. One of the purposes of the C4I system is to provide the soldier situational awareness of his own position, the location of enemy and friendly forces, and the surrounding terrain. This study aims to investigate the military benefits of a C41 system for guard duty. Two conclusions of this study show that the C4I system helps enhance the soldier's situational awareness and orientation in the terrain. Access to a digital map facilitates orientation in difficult conditions in unknown terrain, poor visibility and darkness. The increased situational awareness capability gives the soldier the ability to get an overview and general knowledge about the current situation, which leads to greater efficiency during guard duty.

Uppsatsen handlar om hur karaktären Xena i tv-serien Xena krigarprinsessan (Xena: Warrior Princess) är visuellt gestaltad och vad det innebär. Syftet är att undersöka vilka värderingar som speglas i utformningen av krigarprinsessan. Är tv-serien en feministisk skildring av en kvinna som slår tillbaka mot patriarkatet eller är det egentligen en kvinna som blir ett objekt för en manlig publik? Med hjälp av en tredelad ikonologisk analysmodell analyseras stillbilder från två avsnitt av tv-serien. Bilderna analyseras först på formal nivå, sedan identifieras motiv, och på den tredje nivån analyseras våldsamma kvinnor. Uppsatsen kommer fram till att karaktären Xena är en stark och våldsam kvinna men hon blir sexualiserad och objektifierad och tvingas därmed in i en struktur där männen har makt. När Xena utövar våld får hon en makt som till största delen innehas av män. För att förminska det hot som Xena innebär mot männens överordning måste Xenas kvinnlighet förstärkas och sexualiseras.

No description available.

Thesis (M.A.)--Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, 1991. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 138-147).

The Floyd (Neal) Shale is an organic-rich black shale in the Black Warrior Basin that is being explored for its unconventional gas potential. To understand the stratigraphic architecture of the black shale facies in Mississippi, a detailed examination of well logs, conventional core, well log correlation (cross sections) and isopach maps were used to delineate and characterize the Neal Shale depositional facies. From this study it can be concluded that parasequences associated with the upper Pride Mountain Formation, Hartselle, Floyd Shale and Bangor Limestone are equivalent to resistive units in the Neal Shale in Alabama. In Mississippi, the upper Pride Mountain Formation and Hartselle are distinctly separate and the Floyd Shale and Bangor Limestone comprise all equivalent units in the Neal Shale. The Neal Shale reaches maximum thickness of 125 ft and structurally deeper areas with maximum thickness of shale are key areas to focus for future potential gas exploration.

Near the edge of the Aztec empire, about sixty-eight miles from Mexico City-Tenochtitlan, the temple complex Malinalco (built 1501 -- ca. 1519) comprises a tiny portion of an eponymous town and has the only known monolithic temple in Mesoamerica. The Mexica tlatoani Ahuitzotl (r. 1486-1502) commissioned the complex in 1501, and his successor Moctezuma II (r. 1502-1520) renewed the work order at least once. The site remained unfinished after the Spanish conquest of Tenochtitlan in 1521. The remarkable preservation of Structure I offers a unique view of a Mexica temple interior, and the eagle and jaguar seats carved within that temple led to the traditional interpretation of the site as a haven for eagle and jaguar warriors. In contrast, I contend that Malinalco's ceremonial center was a Mexica space for politico-religious rituals likely performed by the tlatoani or his proxies. My analysis of Malinalco's pre-Mexica history (Chapter 2) examines the mythical history of the Malinalca and their possible dual Mexica-Toltec heritage. Malinalco's now-lost mural of Toltec warriors situates the site within the larger corpus of Tula-inspired procession scenes, and links it iconographically to Tenochtitlan monuments that legitimated imperial power. Through a close analysis of early colonial texts and pictographic sources, I show that the eagle and jaguar seats in Structure I were not used by warriors, but rather were the purview of the tlatoque. An analysis of Malinalco's sacred landscape features demonstrates that the Mexica did not simply build a temple complex in the sacred space of a subject territory, but rather transformed the shape of a sacred mountain in declaration of a god-like imperial power. Finally, Malinalco's famous upright drum, often cited as proof that the site was for warriors, actually shows eagle and jaguar warriors weeping as they sing a war song, perhaps alluding to the martial sacrifices of the empire as it fought to preserve and expand its boundaries. I conclude that the Mexica designed Malinalco as a space for the performance of politico-religious regime-legitimating rituals, permanently declaring their dominance in their empire's hinterland. / text

University of Macau / Faculty of Arts and Humanities. / Department of English

« L’équitation est une activité pratiquée par les riches ou les homosexuels ! ». Les stéréotypes entourant les pratiques équestres sont nombreux minimisant la variété même des pratiques et usages existants. Si le saut d’obstacle, le dressage ou le complet sont des disciplines olympiques, les courses en hippodrome, la randonnée, l’endurance, l’équithérapie, etc., mobilisent des dizaines de milliers de personnes en France chaque année. Les études qui se sont jusqu’ici intéressées à la question équestre sont nombreuses, mais s’intéressent bien souvent à la pratique compétitive à côté de laquelle vivoterait un « loisir » sans autre intérêt que de passer du temps, voire en prenant du plaisir, à cheval. Pourtant, s’intéresser à l’histoire équestre invite à la réflexion. En effet, l’équitation, quelle que soit sa forme actuelle, est issue d’une pratique guerrière. D’où la question que pose cette étude : l’équitation ne serait-elle pas, en fait, un art martial qui s’ignore ? Au travers d’une étude socio-historique de l’activité, de l’observation participante dans plusieurs centres équestres, d’équitation traditionnelle mais aussi éthologique, des entretiens avec des cavalières-cavaliers (n =50) l’étude s’attache à comprendre ce que signifie devenir cavalier au 21e siècle voire se revendiquer comme tel. La recherche menée constate l’ascendance guerrière de l’équitation au plan historique, mais aussi pour certains cavaliers au niveau d’une éthique à défendre, de valeurs à restaurer. « L’apprentissage par corps » adossé à l’observation et aux entretiens avec des professionnels équestres, au sens de leur engagement social dans leur discipline, autorisent largement la comparaison, si ce n’est l’intégration, de l’équitation avec les arts guerriers ou martiaux. / “Horse-riding is practiced by rich people or homosexuals!” There are plenty of stereotypes regarding equestrian activities which minimize the variety and even the existing kinds and uses. If jumping, dressage and eventing are Olympic disciplines, racing, trail riding, endurance, equine therapy and so on, mobilize tens of thousands of people in France each year.Studies which talk about the equestrian question are numerous, but often focus their interest on the competitive practice rather than a “leisure activity” whose interest is to spend time, even having fun on horse. However, an interest in equestrian history provokes thought. Indeed, horse-riding, in whatever actual form, is the result of war practice. Here comes the question asked by this study: should horse-riding , in fact, be seen as an ignored martial art?Through a socio-historian study of the activity, observations in several equestrian centres of traditional horseriding and also natural horseman-ship, interviews with horse riders (n=50) the study focuses on understanding what is to become of a horse rider in the 21st century or even to claim being one of them.The research conducted reports the warriors ascendance in horse-riding from an historical point, and also for some horse riders, the values to restore. “The body learning” backed by observation and interviews with equestrian professionals, understood as a social engagement in their discipline, largely allows the comparison, and if not the integration, of horse-riding in war or martial arts.

Chronic unemployment and decreased agricultural production over the last two decades have left an increasing number of men throughout Ghana’s historically under-developed North unable to meet the financial and moral expectations traditionally associated with masculinity. Paralleling the liberalization of Ghana’s political economy over this period, this “crisis of masculinity” has resulted in unprecedented transformations in traditional kinship structures, patriarchy, and channels for the transmission of traditional practices in Dagbamba communities. Driven by anxieties over these changes, Dagbamba “tradition” is being promoted as a prescription for problems stemming from poverty, environmental degradation, and political conflict, placing music and dance at the center of this discourse. Music, Masculinity, and Tradition, investigates the mobilization of traditional music as a site for the restoration of masculinity within the Dagbamba community of northern Ghana. Drawing on eleven months of participant-observation conducted with Dagbamba warriors in Ghana’s Northern Region, archival research, and ethnographic interviews, this dissertation explores the relationship between performances of traditional music, preservationist discourses, and the construction of masculinity in the first decades of the 21st century. Through analyses of the warriors’ ritual performances, including sounds, movements, and dramatized violence, I ask how traditional ideals and contemporary realities of Dagbamba masculinity are constructed, negotiated, and reinforced through performances of traditional music, suggesting links between the “iterative performativity” of the ritual and evolving constructions of gender. This dissertation offers insight into the musical construction of masculinity and the place of “tradition” in the 21st century. It also challenges over-determined notions of power/resistance through a critical evaluation of traditional musical performances as sites for the negotiation of ideas about gender, power, and history in contemporary Africa.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a primary source of greenhouse gases. Injection of CO2 from power plants near coalbed reservoirs is a win-win method to reducing emissions of CO2 to the atmosphere. Limited studies have investigated CO2 sequestration and enhanced coalbed methane production in San Juan and Alberta basins, but reservoir modeling is needed to assess the potential of the Black Warrior basin. Alabama ranks 9th nationally in CO2 emissions from power plants; two electricity generation plants are adjacent to the Black Warrior coalbed methane fairway. This research project was a reservoir simulation study designed to evaluate the potential for CO2 sequestration and enhanced coalbed methane (ECBM) recovery in the Blue Creek Field of Black Warrior basin, Alabama. It considered the injection and production rate, the components of injected gas, coal dewatering, permeability anisotropy, various CO2 soak times, completion of multiple reservoir layers and pressure constraints at the injector and producer. The simulation study was based on a 5-spot well pattern 40-ac well spacing. Injection of 100 percent CO2 in coal seams resulted in average volumes of 0.57 Bcf of sequestered CO2 and average volumes of 0.2 Bcf of enhance methane production for the Mary Lee coal zone only, from an 80-acre 5-spot well pattern. For the entire Blue Creek field of the Black Warrior basin, if 100 percent CO2 is injected in the Pratt, Mary Lee and Black Creek coal zones, enhance methane resources recovered are estimated to be 0.3 Tcf, with a potential CO2sequestration capacity of 0.88 Tcf. The methane recovery factor is estimated to be 68.8 percent, if the three coal zones are completed but produced one by one. Approximately 700 wells may be needed in the field. For multi-layers completed wells, the permeability and pressure are important in determining the breakthrough time, methane produced and CO2 injected. Dewatering and soaking do not benefit the CO2 sequestration process but allow higher injection rates. Permeability anisotropy affects CO2 injection and enhanced methane recovery volumes of the field. I recommend a 5-spot pilot project with the maximum well BHP of 1,000 psi at the injector, minimum well BHP of 500 psi at the producer, maximum injection rate of 70 Mscf/D, and production rate of 35 Mscf/D. These technical results, with further economic evaluation, could generate significant projects for CO2 sequestration and enhance coalbed methane production in Blue Creek field, Black Warrior Basin, Alabama.