Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have attracted the attention of scientists because they have the following characteristics: long-distance transmission, persistence, bioaccumulation and chronic toxicity. Due to their high hydrophobicity, POPs are easily absorbed by the suspended particles in the marine environment. The suspended particles then settle into the soil may pass through the food chain, resulting in bioaccumulation and biomagnifications and causing potentially hazardous effects on the environment and human health. This study focuses on the analysis of the persistent organic pollutants in different parts of 10 kinds of benthic fishes, including the muscle and visceral mass, adjacent to Hsiao-Liu-Chiu. The samples were analyzed using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), and alumina column purification. Fifteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined by using gas chromatograph / mass spectrometer (GC/MS). After florisil column purification, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 18 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were determined by using gas chromatograph / electron-capture detector (GC/ECD). The results showed that the concentration of PAHs range from 15 to 195 ng/g dw, with low ringed (3 rings) PAHs at a higher proportion. Total PCB concentrations range from 16 to 237 ng/g dw. The content of PCBs in muscles mainly consists of low chlorine numbers (1 to 4 chloride) -based, and in visceral and eggs the chlorine number (6 and 7 chlorine) are higher. The concentrations of OCPs range from 13 to 127 ng/g dw. Among the hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) series, £^-HCH has the highest proportion, indicating the continued use of Lidane in recent years. In addition to the variance in POP levels among different species of fishes, different tissues also have high variations in PAH, PCB and OCP levels.

Abstract The species composition, abundance, body lengths and stages of chaetognaths in relation to environmental factors at nine stations in Kaoping coastal waters were investigated during June 2001 to March 2002. In the surface tows, 20 species of chaetognaths, belonging to 10 families and 4 orders, were found, with the mean abundance of 17753 ¡Ó14593 ind./ 100m3. The 4 most dominant species, Flaccisagitta enflata, Aidanosagitta crassa, Sagitta bipuncata and Ferosagitta ferox, comprised > 80% of total chaetognaths. Flaccisagitta enflata was the most common and abundant species and occupied 53% of total chaetognaths. In 100m oblique tows, 21 species of chaetognaths, belonging to 11 families and 4 orders were found, with the mean abundance of 23535 ¡Ó 18696 ind./ 100m3. The 4 most dominant species were Flaccisagitta enflata, Aidanosagitta regularis, Serratosagitta pacifica and Aidanosagitta crassa, and comprised 77% of total chaetognths. Pseudosagitta lyra was the species found only in the 100m oblique tows. The abundance of chaetognaths changed with seasons and had the highest abundance in summer and the lowest in late autumn. The relation between abundance of chaetognaths showed significantly negative relationship with salinity but not for temperature, and had larger variation when salinity > 32 o/oo. Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) method was used to elucidate the variation of chaetognaths community among seasons and stations. The community structure of chaetognaths had somewhat difference among seasons, with higher similarity between August and November, but these two months showed apparently different from June and March. The variation of chaetognaths community among stations was different seasonally, with higher in August and lower in March and June. Furthermore, three species groups were distinguished and their distribution patterns were herein disscussed. The Stage¢¹of chaetognaths dominated in this study area and occupied > 70 % of total count, and the number decreased rapidly following the developmental stages. The most dominant species, Flaccisagitta enflata, was also dominated by stage¢¹throughout the year, implied it might breed in the whole year. The body length of chaetognaths increased apparently with increasing of developmental stages, but overlapped among stages due to the wider variation in each stage.

Στην παρούσα μεταπτυχιακή διπλωματικής εργασίας παρουσιάζονται τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας που πραγματοποιήθηκε σχετικά με την προέλευση και το μηχανισμό γένεσης των θερμομεταλλικών εμφανίσεων της δυτικής Πελοποννήσου. Μετά από υδρογεωλογική και υδροχημική μελέτη των κυριοτέρων πιθανών θερμομεταλλικών εμφανίσεων, αναγνωρίστηκαν ως θερμομεταλλικές πηγές οι πηγές του Καϊάφα, της Κυλλήνης, του Βρομονερίου και του Κουνουπελίου. Οι παραπάνω πηγές έχουν γενικό υδροχημικό τύπο Na-Cl και είναι πλούσιες σε H2S, το οποίο προέρχεται κυρίως από διαδικασίες αναγωγής των θειικών ιόντων. Οι θερμομεταλλικές εμφανίσεις σχετίζονται με την τεκτονική, καθώς δημιουργούνται από μετεωρικό είτε θαλασσινό νερό, το οποίο κατεισδύει σε μεγάλα βάθη και στη ανέρχεται στην επιφάνεια δια μέσω ρηγμάτων. Σύμφωνα με τα αποτελέσματα των ισοτοπικών αναλύσεων, τα θερμομεταλλικά νερά από τις πηγές του Καϊάφα, το Βρομονέρι και την Κυλλήνη έχουν μετεωρική προέλευση. Αντίθετα η πηγή στο Κουνουπέλι έχει μεικτή προέλευση 60% μετεωρικού και 40% θαλασσινού νερού. / In present postgraduate diplomatic work are presented the results of research that were realised with regard to the origin and the mechanism of genesis of genesis of thermal waters in western Peloponnese. After the hydrogeological and hydrochemical study of the main thermal springs, they were recognized as thermal and mineral waters the samples from Kaiafa, Kyllini, Vromoneri and Kounoupeli. These waters have general hydrochemical type Na-Cl and they are rich in H2S, as a result, from the reduction of sulphate ions under suitable conditions. The thermal appearances of Western Peloponnese are related with the infiltration of meteoric or sea water in great depths and their amounted in surface via major faults. According to the isotopic data the springs of Kaiafa, Kyllini and Vromoneri have meteoric origin. On the contrary the Kounoupeli’s spring is a mixed water (60% meteoric water and 40% sea water).

Recent transboundary disputes between the United States and Canada and in particular, the dispute concerning Devils Lake outlet, call for an improvement of the agreements between the two countries that govern North American international watercourses. One way to do so is by assimilating the cooperative spirit contained in the more recent 1997 U.N. International Watercourses Convention and incorporating its guidelines for balancing different principles and interests into the 1909 Boundary Waters Treaty between the United States and Canada. This paper analyzes the different theories and main international legal instruments in the area of transboundary waters within the context of the issues arising out of Devils Lake and its outlet. It is proposed that the Boundary Waters Treaty be vastly improved by increasing the participation of both the Canadian provinces and the American states as well as renewing and enhancing the role of the International Joint Commission.

Recent transboundary disputes between the United States and Canada and in particular, the dispute concerning Devils Lake outlet, call for an improvement of the agreements between the two countries that govern North American international watercourses. One way to do so is by assimilating the cooperative spirit contained in the more recent 1997 U.N. International Watercourses Convention and incorporating its guidelines for balancing different principles and interests into the 1909 Boundary Waters Treaty between the United States and Canada. This paper analyzes the different theories and main international legal instruments in the area of transboundary waters within the context of the issues arising out of Devils Lake and its outlet. It is proposed that the Boundary Waters Treaty be vastly improved by increasing the participation of both the Canadian provinces and the American states as well as renewing and enhancing the role of the International Joint Commission.

Thesis(M.S.)--Auburn University, 2007. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographic references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Alberta, 1998. / "Spring 1998." Includes bibliographical references (p. 253-269). Also issued online.

Thesis--Auburn University, 2009. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 40-43).

Thesis--Université de Paris.

"Written as a thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy in Harvard University (1924)"--Pref. / Bibliography: p. 235-245.