Syftet med examensarbetet är att undersöka möjligheten att kunna påbörja ett arbete med att införa ett lean-tänkande i skolverksamheten för att kunna strukturera och få en effektivare undervisning i verkstaden. I undervisningen förekommer det tidsåtgång för onödiga moment till exempel letande efter olika verktyg som inte är placerade på rätt ställe. Den grundläggande meningen med lean-filosofin är att eliminera slöseri i det dagliga arbetet. De frågor som behöver besvaras är vad elever och kolleger anser om nuläget, samt vad de vet om leankonceptet och om de är medvetna om sin egen roll i sammanhanget. För att få fram svar har en kvantitativ undersökningsmetod använts i form av en enkät till eleverna och en kvalitativ metod genom intervjuer med kolleger, för att kunna använda fördelarna som båda metoderna erbjuder. Enligt de resultat som kommit fram i analysen av insamlat material framgår att det finns en medvetenhet om problemet med ordning och reda hos både elever och kolleger samt att det finns en stor förbättringspotential. Det framkom också att det finns ett utbildningsbehov om lean-filosofin hos flera av våra kolleger. Målet är att kunna implementera lean-filosofin undervisningen. För att kunna nå målet är det viktigt att de som arbetar med lean-filosofin har tillräcklig kunskap om vad det innebär, vilket är avgörande för att få ett framgångsrikt arbetssätt.

An Eulerian-Eulerian model for dilute gas-particle turbulent flows is developed for engineering applications. The aim is to understand the effect of particles on turbulent flows. The model is implemented in a finite element code which is used to perform numerical simulations. The feedback from the particles on the turbulence and the mean flow of the gas in a vertical channel flow is studied. In particular, the influence of the particle response time and particle volume fraction on the preferential concentration of the particles near the walls, caused by the turbophoretic effect is explored. The study shows that the particle feedback decreases the accumulation of particles on the walls. It is also found that even a low particle volume fraction can have a significant impact on the turbulence and the mean flow of the gas. A model for the particle fluctuating velocity in turbulent gas-particle flow is derived using a set of stochastic differential equations. Particle-particle collisions were taken into account. The model shows that the particle fluctuating velocity increases with increasing particle-particle collisions and that increasing particle response times decrease the fluctuating velocity. / QC 20101124

<p>Globular clusters have linear sizes (tidal radii) which are theoretically de- termined by their mass and by the gravitational potential of their host galaxy. However observationally, cluster sizes are simply a determination of where the cluster’s surface brightness profile becomes zero. This distance is also known as the limiting radius. While it is commonly assumed that the tidal radius and the limiting radius of a globular cluster are the same thing, it has yet to be validated. The purpose of this thesis is to explore the assumption that cluster tidal radii and limiting radii are equal by comparing the tidal radii of an observed and simulated globular cluster population.</p> <p>An established link between cluster tidal radii and limiting radii will yield new methods of utilizing globular clusters as tools for studying galaxies. If cluster sizes are truly imposed by the tidal field of the host galaxy, then tidal radii measurements can be used to trace the mass distribution within a galaxy, including the dark matter halo. Additionally, as we will demonstrate in this thesis, cluster sizes can also be used a tracer for the orbital anisotropy profile of a galaxy.</p> <p>To explore the assumption that tidal radii and limiting radii are equal, we utilize the globular cluster population of the Virgo giant M87. Unusually deep, high signal-to-noise images of M87 are used to determine the radius for approximately 2000 globular clusters. To compare with these observations, we simulate a globular cluster population that has the same characteristics to the observed M87 cluster population. These characteristics include cluster radial distribution, mass distribution, central concentration distribution and line of sight velocity dispersion. Placing these simulated clusters in the well-studied tidal field of M87, the orbit of each cluster is solved and the theoretical tidal radius of each cluster is determined. We compare the predicted relationship between cluster size and projected galactocentric distance found in our sim- ulation to observations in order to test whether a cluster’s tidal radius and limiting radius are equal. We find that for an isotropic distribution of cluster velocities, theoretical tidal radii are approximately equal to observed limiting radii. The simulation predicts the observed increase in cluster size with galac- tocentric distance, which is expected if tidal radii are dependent on the tidal field. Additionally, simulated cluster sizes are of the same order of magnitude as observed cluster sizes. However the simulation does underestimate cluster sizes in the inner regions of M87. To minimize the discrepancy between theory and observations, we further explore the effects of orbital anisotropy on cluster sizes, and suggest a possible orbital anisotropy profile for M87 which yields the best fit between theory and observations. Finally, we suggest multiple future studies which will aid in our understanding of tidal theory and in establishing a stronger link between tidal radii and limiting radii.</p> / Master of Science (MSc)

<p>The increased public safety concerns to the consequences of deliberate and accidental explosions have led to the development of the Canadian (CSA S850- 12) and American (ASCE 59-11) blast standards. There is an urgent need to investigate and quantify the response of structural components under such extreme loading conditions. This is especially important for masonry components, where research has been limited due to the misconception that masonry (both reinforced and unreinforced) is an inadequate material for blast hardening applications. The standards allow the use of experimental testing or dynamic analysis in order to determine peak responses and evaluate them in terms of the code prescribed performance limits and accompanying levels of damage. The current study investigates the response of non-integral and non-participating infill walls designed to undergo two-way out-of-plane response and detailed to fail in flexure under static loading conditions. Through experimental blast testing and dynamic model validation of reduced-scale walls under a range of design-basis threat (DBT) levels, this study shows that reinforced masonry is a viable alternative for blast protection. However, the current flexural-based code requirements, thought to be conservative, may be inadequate at loads of higher impulse where shear damage is prevalent. This study also shows the influence that changing the boundary configuration and level of reinforcement has on the peak response, where the performance limits of the current codes makes no provisions for these parameters.</p> / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

Reliability measures have been well studied over many years, beginning with an entire chapter devoted to intraclass correlation in the first edition of Fisher (1925). Such measures have been thoroughly studied for two factor models. This dissertation, motivated by a medical research problem, extends point and confidence interval estimation of both intraclass correlation coefficient and interater reliability coefficient to models containing three crossed random factors -- subjects, raters and occasions. The intraclass correlation coefficient is used when decision is made on an absolute basis with rater's scores, while the interater reliability coefficient is defined for decisions made on a relative basis. The estimation is conducted using both ANOVA and MCMC methods. The results from the two methods are compared. The MCMC method is preferred for analyses of small data sets when ICC values are high. Besides, the bias of estimator of intraclass correlation coefficient in one-way random effects model is evaluated. / Statistics

To improve the performance of the three-way catalytic (TWC) converter, advanced control strategies and onboard diagnostics (OBD) systems are needed. Both rely on a relatively accurate but computationally efficient TWC converter model. This thesis aims to develop a control-oriented model that can be employed to develop the control strategies and OBD systems of the TWC converter. The thesis consists of two parts, i.e., the high-fidelity model development and the model reduction. Firstly, a high-fidelity model is built using the energy and mass conservation principles. In this model, a constant inlet simulation is used to validate the warming-up characteristics, and a driving cycle simulation is used to calibrate the reaction rate parameters. The results of the simulation show that the high-fidelity model has adequate accuracy. Secondly, a reduced-order model is developed based on phase and reaction simplifications of the high-fidelity model. The aim of the development of the reduced-order model is to propose a computationally efficient model for further development of control strategies and state estimators for OBD systems. The accuracy of the reduced-order model is then validated by means of simulations. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

In recent years, the indoor positioning system (IPS) has attracted significant interests in both academical research and industrial development. It has seen many applications, such as hostage search and rescue, indoor navigation, and warehouse management, all of which can take advantage of precise positioning. However, in indoor environments, traditional methods, like the Global Positioning System (GPS), are usually either unreliable or incorrect because of the complicated physical characteristics of various objects reflecting and dispersing signals, such as the presence of people, walls, obstructions, and furniture. In contrast to other technologies such as WiFi and Bluetooth, which are not suitable to extract accurate timing information, UWB technology has the potential to reach center-meter level accuracy in indoor positioning. In this thesis, we developed a real-time, low-cost, IPS based on commercial-off-the-shelf UWB transceivers. Both the Two Way Ranging (TWR) and Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) approaches have been implemented to obtain a target's location. To alleviate the effect of multipath propagation, we detect the presence of outliers by comparing the first path signal level and estimated receiving signal level. Moreover, we have designed the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) and evaluated performance by deploying the system both in a lab environment and in a two-story historical building during the 2018 Microsoft Indoor Localization Competition. The results show that we achieve a 28.9cm 95%-quantile 2D tracking error in the lab environment and a 92cm average tracking error for 3D localization on the Microsoft Indoor Localization Competition site. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

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The k-sample data setting is one of the most common data settings used today. The null hypothesis that is most generally of interest for these methods is that the k-samples have the same location. Currently there are several procedures available for the individual who has data of this type. The most often used method is commonly called the ANOVA F-test. This test assumes that all of the underlying distributions are normal, with equal variances. Thus the only allowable difference in the distributions is a possible shift, under the alternative hypothesis. Under the null hypothesis, it is assumed that all k distributions are identical, not just equally located. Current nonparametric methods for the k-sample setting require a variety of restrictions on the distribution of the data. The most commonly used method is that due to Kruskal and Wallis (1952). The method, commonly called the Kruskal-Wallis test, does not assume that the data come from normal populations, though they must still be continuous, but maintains the requirement that the populations must be identical under the null, and may differ only by a possible shift under the alternative. In this work a new procedure is developed which is exactly distribution free when the distributions are equivalent and continuous under the null hypothesis, and simulations are used to study the properties of the test when the distributions are continuous and have the same medians under the null. The power of the statistic under alternatives is also studied. The test bears a resemblance to the two sample sign type tests, which will be pointed out as the development is shown. / Ph. D.