Syftet med denna rapport är att redogöra för de olika arbetssätt och arbetsformer som används under matematikundervisningen på en grundskola i Barbados. Vi har undersökt om det fokuseras på abstrakt eller konkret matematik samt hur de använder sig av det matematiska språket i sin matematikundervisning, då vi anser att språket har en stor roll i inlärningen. Vi har observerat matematiklektionerna samt intervjuat utvalda pedagoger på skolan, utifrån dessa undersökningsmetoder har vi fått fram ett resultat som analyseras och diskuteras i slutet av rapporten. Resultatet av undersökning visar att den abstrakta matematiken, individuellt arbete med matematikboken, är den undervisningsmetod som används mest på skolan.

Syftet med min studie är att belysa elevers uppfattningar om vad det innebär att ha matematik. Delar av studien ägnas åt att lyfta fram uppfattningar som elever i behov av särskilt stöd, d.v.s. elever med åtgärdsprogram, har. Åtta elever intervjuades i en fenomenografisk studie om vad de lägger i begreppet "att ha matematik". Studien visar att det finns en uppfattning att det individuella arbetet är grunden för att ha matematik och att kommunikation mellan elever ses som ett avsteg från matematiken. Det kvantitativa formella matematikarbetet med läroboken betonas av eleverna. Men samtidigt finns också en uppfattning att matematik kan has i samlärande. När eleverna hjälper varandra utvecklas lärandet hos alla förutsatt att det finns ett matematiskt tänkande enligt denna uppfattning. Det finns också en uppfattning om att det existerar ett visst samband mellan den informella vardagsmatematiken och den formella skolmatematiken. Men utanför matematiklektionerna upplevs matematiken finnas endast när eleverna rent påtagligt räknar och mäter. De intervjuade eleverna med åtgärdsprogram i matematik tenderar ha en uppfattning som starkare betonar att matematik has individuellt i läroboken, helst utan hjälp och ofta med fokus på algoritmer. Att räcka upp handen för att söka hjälp och att samarbeta tycks därför för dessa elever inte vara eftersträvansvärt. Den informella och den formella matematiken uppfattas ha få beröringspunkter. Utanför läroboken finns inte så mycket matematik enligt intervjuade elever med åtgärdsprogram. Risken är att det gemensamma matematikarbete som framhålles i Lpo94 av eleverna inte uppfattas som matematiklärande. Eleverna kan därmed missa de lärtillfällen som bygger på lärande i kommunikation. Att endast arbete i läroboken räknas som att ha matematik torde inte underlätta för elever i behov av särskilt stöd att förstå matematikens roll i vardagen. Så ska vi med dessa elever arbeta vidare med deras formella lärande i läroboken eller ska vi i stället börja arbeta för att eleverna ska förstå kopplingen mellan den informella och den formella matematiken för att öka den matematiska förståelsen?

The motive of this is to treat [The study on the correlation between the media exposure rate and the ways of interpellation of the representatives and their interactions with the press.---The case of The Kaohsiung City Council]¡CAccording to Yuon-Mau Chao(1988), through practicing the interpellation by the representatives, the city council is able to oversee and to check and balance the administrative department, to reveal the administration deficiency and abuse, make people understand the problems of the their township and reflect the opinions of the citizen; The interpellation is not just the right but also the obligation of the representatives, but not all the topics concerned by the representatives are favored by the press. Therefore, this thesis is to study how would the ways of interpellation of the representatives and their interaction with the press correlated with the media exposure rate¡D According to the historical documents of Kaohsiung City Council, After Taiwan was recovered from Japan, a bill named "the Plans for Establishing Representative Organizations at Different Levels" was implemented on December 26,1945 to carry out local autonomy. According to the promulgated regulations of "Organization Act of City People's Political Councils" and "Election Act of City Councilors", Kaohsiung City People's Political Council was founded on April 13, 1946. It was renamed as Kaohsiung City Council on January 11, 1951 and was subjected to Taiwan Provincial Assembly. On July 1, 1979, Kaohsiung City was elevated to a special municipality under the direct supervision of Executive Yuan and The City Council shifted to Kaohsiung City Provisional Council. On December 25, 1981, the councilors of the first term of the City Council of Kaohsiung special municipality were inaugurated¡CNowadays, the 7th term of the City Council of Kaohsiung has 44 councilors, including the KMT¡BPFT¡BDPP¡BTSU and NPA et al but they can be grouped into two main factions : the Blue faction(KMT¡BPFT) and the Green faction(DPP¡BTSU); No matter which faction the councilors are belonged to, most of them would strive for more government resources through official or nonofficial to be denoted to local constructions in order to consolidate his influence and votes¡D The councilors directly elected by the people are responsible for speaking for the people and have the right to canvass the bills and the budget for the city government¡CTherefore, the action of the councilor is going to affect some people, and become one of the resources of important news¡CBut not all representatives¡¦ speeches and actions are going to be favored by the press and gain a positive report, the correlation between the media exposure rate and the ways of interpellation of the representatives and their interaction with the press is the key theme of this research¡D This study takes the 7th term councilors of the City Council of Kaohsiung as the research population, and apply the [case study method] to study the correlations between the interpellation of the councilors in the parliament¡Bthe public hearing outside the parliament¡Bsymposium¡Bmediation council¡Bpress conference¡Bprotest led by the councilor et al and the councilors¡¦ interactions with the press and the media exposure rate. We hope to find out some valuable conclusions and concrete advises on the councilors shooting for media exposure and the presentations of the news by the reporters¡D

Transnational Mexican-origin Families is a qualitative study of four working class, Mexican-origin families who resided in the metropolitan Washington, D.C. region and who also made return visits to Mexico at least every two years. Through critical ethnographic case studies, the researcher worked with the families for over two years in multi-sited ethnography, with locations in the U.S. and Mexico. The dissertation examines the following question: What are the ways of knowing of Mexican-origin transnational students and their families in the Washington, D.C. area, and how do these transnational families experience their ways of knowing regarding education in formal schooling contexts? Using transnational theory and Gloria Anzaldúa’s theory of conocimiento, or knowing, this study shows how transnational families’ ways of knowing are situated in three mutually-constituted domains. They are: 1) chained knowing, including the ways participants are chained to the Mexican-U.S. border and to their communities in Mexico and the U.S., 2) sobrevivencia or survivalist knowing, in terms of how the families both survive and thrive, highlighting what I call their “underdog mentality” as well as the matters of life and death on both sides of the border, and 3) Nepantlera knowing, or an in-between knowing, which allows for attempts at bridge buildings and creation of Third Spaces. In regards to schooling, the transnational aspects of these families’ lives remained hidden, despite the students’ eagerness to share about their transnationalism. Schools tended to respond to their transnational families along the “continuum of the comfortable,” or a line where schools increased their outreach to these families only moderately and only along their terms. The intention of this research is to disrupt assimilationist discourses about immigrants, particularly in light of the need to be able to navigate an increasingly globalized world. Preliminary findings suggest the need to begin to reframe immigrants as transnational, value their language heritages, disrupt the comfort of educators in their outreach to transnational families, and for educators, in particular, to learn to do the work of border crossing in their outreach to transnational families. / text

Woolum Bellum KODE (Koorie Open Door Education) School is located at Morwell in the Latrobe Valley of Victoria. The school is unique in that its curriculum is centred on the Gunnai/Kurnai language and culture of the traditional owners. The aim of this thesis is to describe and tell the history of Woolum Bellum School. My research questions are: 1. what led to the establishment of the Woolum Bellum KODE School? What are the critical success factors of the school attaining autonomy within the Victorian State Education system? The story of Woolum Bellum and its journey is important in the context of sharing knowledge. It exemplifies how a school like Woolum Bellum can be autonomous and how it presents a challenge as it comes to terms with what works and why. As a community we can assess the overall success of the school in terms of outcomes for the community. The benefits are seen in the generation of young people who attended the school over the past fifteen years. Their experience of schooling at Woolum Bellum as opposed to their experiences in the mainstream system amounts to significant successes. My ways of knowing have informed how I have used a method of research that respects my knowledge gifted from my Elders and Ancestors. My indigenous ways respected in using Dadirri as a methodology for narrative inquiry in research underpins and informs respect for honouring an indigenous paradigm; with tools within that paradigm to guide and shape my research. My cultural ways of knowing, my guidance in reciprocal and respectful relationships, talking together in circles, telling stories in conversations, and understanding community are at the core of these ways of knowing. My quilts crafted with multiple layers of knowledge offer the community a visual representation of the journey. They share the narrative and knowledge in conversations and in stories. They are relational and interrelated and they interpret the issues from my ways of knowing. This is a story I have shared with others already who believed in the possibilities for a Woolum Bellum School. Like me, they welcomed the challenges, the responsibilities that came with it to our community and Elders. And like me, the community held on to the dream that time and through listening, through learning and with knowledge, the possibility remains.

In 1957 Ghana became the first nation in Sub-Saharan Africa to achieve independence from a European colonial power. During this time Kwame Nkrumah’s government concerned itself with the creation of a national identity that would speak to the new African Personality and Nkrumah’s Pan-African goals. In Nkrumah’s national project, regional cultural and economic contributions were at times subsumed. The absence of an identifiable national cuisine is a lens into ethnic conflict generated in part by the crafting of the national identity. I argue that in general the absence of a national cuisine represents the strength of the desire to maintain regional cultural boundaries in Ghana. Additionally, the structural challenges that Ghana faces, and apprehension surrounding its colonial legacy, impede the development of a national cuisine.

The present magisterial work explores issues of substance abuse while focusing on psychosocial factors influencing the onset of drug dependency. Definitions of what is a drug, what is drug dependency, history of drugs, and a list of most frequently abused types of drugs are discussed in the theoretical part of the present work. In addition, this part includes a discussion of possible prevention ways. The practical part describes qualitative research observations of 13 selected adult participants that are drug dependent. Theoretical approaches are applied to the given authentic narratives and the stories are finely analyzed. The aim of the work is to examine some assertions concerned with the causes and development of {\clqq}drug dependency`` phenomenon. Our findings indicate that in case {\clqq}drug dependency`` is an illness, it is an atypical illness: the individuals` paths from a healthy state to the state of illness are unique for each individual, though similar in its symptoms, nevertheless differing in their causes. Drug dependency does not seem to be a civilization disease and is not influenced by cultural or social factors. Thus it has not been determined whether drug abuse is truly an illness. However, the final stage of the {\clqq}drug path`` {--} i.e., drug dependency- is seen as illness, its onset is individual and partially genetically determined, with no parenting influence.

Working in the police service can be very demanding on a physical and emotional level. Many police offers often experience stress, trauma and anxiety which even sometimes leads to suicide. In order to deal with the stressors they face, officers have to use various coping methods. This present study aims to analyse the coping strategies used by police officers in the SAPS and whether these coping strategies change over a period of time. The main purpose is to investigate which coping responses are used most by police officers in the SAPS and to determine how the prominence of these coping responses change over a period of time. This study has a longitudinal approach and will add value to the body of research since no longitudinal study has previously been conducted on coping within the SAPS. Three samples, collected at three different points in time, were used in this study. The first sample (n = 1277) was collected while the officers were newly enrolled, the second sample (n = 463) was taken whilst they were undergoing practical training in the college and the last sample (n = 120) was collected when the police officers had spent two years in the field. The Ways of Coping (WoC) questionnaire was used as measuring instrument. The results of this study suggest that police officers predominantly use seeking social support, planful problem solving and positive reappraisal to deal with their daily stress. These responses are mainly seen as adaptive ways of dealing with stress. The coping responses used least includes escape avoidance, accepting responsibility and confrontive coping. There are clear indications that the way in which police officers use coping responses change over time spent in the SAPS. Over time, police officers accepted significantly less responsibility, and made less use of confrontive coping. Police officers also relied more on planful problem solving, positive reappraisal and escape avoidance. On a practical level it is suggested to conduct interventions in all units, divisions and on all levels to reinforce and refresh positive coping strategies in order to enhance the emotional well-being throughout the SAPS. / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Human Resource Management / MCom / unrestricted

This is a qualitative study that explores the strategies used by a woman principal to build a successful high school. Despite the plethora of gender supportive policies in South Africa women are still underrepresented in school management positions. Those who do shatter the glass ceiling face gender discrimination resulting from societal and cultural stereotypes. This study aims to tell the story of a woman principal who battled social, patriarchal and institutional odds and still succeeded as a leader. The findings reveal that the principal relied on her womanly attributes of caring, empathy, knowing the community and involving parents. In demonstrating support for the community in which she worked and in having the courage to care she was able to transform her school. This study shows that caring is a form of power. She is a transformational leader who managed to change the school culture from being dysfunctional to being successful. Collaboration and staff development are the other strategies that led to the success of the school managed by Debra, the woman principal in this study. Narrative inquiry as qualitative research approach was employed in order to explore the experiences of Debra, as the principal in this study is named. Purposive sampling was used for the selection of the participant. Data was collected by means of in-depth and semi-structured interviews supported by school documents. Transformational Leadership Theory, as described by Bass (1999), provided guidance for conceptualizing and analysing the leadership strategies used by the principal. The transformational leader promotes followers' innovation by considering their developmental needs while providing support and coaching through charisma, inspiration, intellectual stimulation and individualised consideration. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Education Management and Policy Studies / MEd / Unrestricted

This paper aims to discuss specific contact-induced features of Kivu Swahili (DR Congo), taking into account variationist patterns of different ways of speaking. Language contact scenarios in the multilingual landscape of Kivu reveal a discrepancy: While the language of North Kivu contains traces of Kinyabwisha and Kinande, in South Kivu Mashi and Kilega have predominantly shaped the site-specific realization of Swahili. Other languages, such as French or Lingala, which have – lexically and structurally – largely contributed to the present form of the language are not bound to one area or any group of speakers. This paper deals with the question of whether different realizations of Kivu Swahili, with differing levels of contact features (such as a major influence of Lingala lexicon, more or less Kinyabwisha/Kinande morphology etc.), can be understand as “ethnic registers”, serving different social purposes. When analyzed against the background of the ongoing conflict in the area, the differing realizations can be seen to create in-group status, intimidation, protection, mockery or deliberate exclusion. By focusing largely on sociolectal and inter-register variation of poorly documented Kiswahili dialects from the western periphery, the contribution aims to contribute to the description of non-standard realizations of the language and their variability.