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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Magnetização remanente em sistemas antiferromagnéticos\" / Remanent magnetization in the antiferromagnetic systems

Carvalho, Zulmara Virgínia de 17 March 2006 (has links)
No contexto de sistemas de baixa anisotropia, medidas de magnetização para verificar os efeitos magnéticos induzidos pela substituição do íon Mn+2 por Cu+2 em um quase unidimensional antiferromagneto tipo Heisenberg CsMn1-xCuxA3.2H2O (A = Cl, Br) foram feitas. Nas amostras diluídas com derivados de Br observamos o aparecimento de uma magnetização remanente abaixo de TN quando elas são resfriadas em um pequeno campo axial aplicado ao longo do eixo fácil. Isso não ocorre com as amostras diluídas com derivados de Cl. A troca intra-cadeia tanto com os compostos de Cl e Br é antiferromagnética, entretanto a troca entre-cadeias ao longo de eixo fácil é antiferromagnética no composto com Cl e ferromagnética com o Br. Esse fato parece ser determinístico no surgimento de momentos espontâneos abaixo de TN no composto com bromo. Além disso, medidas de magnetização do monocristal antiferromagnético de sítio diluído A2Fe1-xInxCl5.H2O (A = Cs) foram feitas em baixos campos magnéticos (H) aplicados ao longo do eixo de fácil magnetização. Os dados revelaram que uma magnetização remanente Mr se desenvolve abaixo a temperatura de Néel TN. Essa Mr(T) é paralela ao eixo fácil e satura para campos H ~ 1Oe e ela aumenta com decréscimo de T. Ela também possui uma dependência de temperatura como outros sistemas diluídos da mesma família (A = K, Rb). Para todos esses sistemas, a curva normalizada Mr(t)/ Mr(t = 0,3), onde t=T/TN é a temperatura reduzida, é independente de x e acompanha uma curva universal. No contexto de sistemas de alta anisotropia, a dependência da temperatura do excesso de magnetização em baixos e altos campos foi investigada para o antiferromagneto 3D de Ising FexZn1-xF2 (x = 0.72; 0.46 e 0.31) e também o sistema puro FeF2. Verificamos que Mr surge tanto paralela ou perpendicular ao eixo fácil. A magnitude de Mr, para baixos campos (H < 1 Oe) depende de H, mas satura para campos de alguns Oersted. O esperado comportamento de campo aleatório (RF), em campos altos, é observado quando H é aplicado ao longo do eixo fácil. / In the context of low anisotropy, the magnetization measurements to find out the magnetic effects induced by the substitution of Mn+2 by Cu+2 íons in the quaseone-dimensional Heisenberg-like antiferromagnets CsMn1-xCuxA3.2H2O (A = Cl,Br) were made. In the diluted samples of the Br derivative, we observe the appearance of a remanent magnetization (Mr) below TN when they are cooled in a small axial magnetic field applied along the easy axis. This does not occur in the diluted samples of the Cl derivative. The intra-chain exchange both in Cl and Br compounds is antiferromagnetic, however the inter-chain exhange along the easy axis is antiferromagnetic in the chloride compound and ferromagnetic in the bromide. This fact seems to be deterministic in the appearance of the net moments below TN in the bromide. Moreover, the magnetization measurements on single crystals of the sitediluted antiferromagnet A2Fe1-xInxCl5.H2O (A = Cs) were carried out at low magnetic fields (H) applied along the easy axis. The data revealed that a Mr develops below the Néel temperature TN. This Mr(T) is parallel to the easy axis , saturates for H ~ 1 Oe and it increases with decreasing T. It has also temperature dependence as another diluted systems of the same family (A = K, Rb). For all these systems the normalized Mr(t)/Mr(t = 0,3), where t = T/TN is the reduced temperature, is independet of x and follow a universal curve. In the context of high anisotropy, the temperature dependence of the excess magnetization at low and high fields was investigated for the diluted antiferromagnet FexZn1-xF2 (x = 0.72; 0.46 and 0.31) and pure system FeF2 as well. It was found that Mr is either along the easy axis or perpendicular to it. The size of Mr for very low fields (H < 1 Oe) depends on H but it sature for fields of the order of few Oersteds. The expected random field (RF) behaivor is observed when H is applied along the easy axis at higher fields.
2

Magnetização remanente em sistemas antiferromagnéticos\" / Remanent magnetization in the antiferromagnetic systems

Zulmara Virgínia de Carvalho 17 March 2006 (has links)
No contexto de sistemas de baixa anisotropia, medidas de magnetização para verificar os efeitos magnéticos induzidos pela substituição do íon Mn+2 por Cu+2 em um quase unidimensional antiferromagneto tipo Heisenberg CsMn1-xCuxA3.2H2O (A = Cl, Br) foram feitas. Nas amostras diluídas com derivados de Br observamos o aparecimento de uma magnetização remanente abaixo de TN quando elas são resfriadas em um pequeno campo axial aplicado ao longo do eixo fácil. Isso não ocorre com as amostras diluídas com derivados de Cl. A troca intra-cadeia tanto com os compostos de Cl e Br é antiferromagnética, entretanto a troca entre-cadeias ao longo de eixo fácil é antiferromagnética no composto com Cl e ferromagnética com o Br. Esse fato parece ser determinístico no surgimento de momentos espontâneos abaixo de TN no composto com bromo. Além disso, medidas de magnetização do monocristal antiferromagnético de sítio diluído A2Fe1-xInxCl5.H2O (A = Cs) foram feitas em baixos campos magnéticos (H) aplicados ao longo do eixo de fácil magnetização. Os dados revelaram que uma magnetização remanente Mr se desenvolve abaixo a temperatura de Néel TN. Essa Mr(T) é paralela ao eixo fácil e satura para campos H ~ 1Oe e ela aumenta com decréscimo de T. Ela também possui uma dependência de temperatura como outros sistemas diluídos da mesma família (A = K, Rb). Para todos esses sistemas, a curva normalizada Mr(t)/ Mr(t = 0,3), onde t=T/TN é a temperatura reduzida, é independente de x e acompanha uma curva universal. No contexto de sistemas de alta anisotropia, a dependência da temperatura do excesso de magnetização em baixos e altos campos foi investigada para o antiferromagneto 3D de Ising FexZn1-xF2 (x = 0.72; 0.46 e 0.31) e também o sistema puro FeF2. Verificamos que Mr surge tanto paralela ou perpendicular ao eixo fácil. A magnitude de Mr, para baixos campos (H < 1 Oe) depende de H, mas satura para campos de alguns Oersted. O esperado comportamento de campo aleatório (RF), em campos altos, é observado quando H é aplicado ao longo do eixo fácil. / In the context of low anisotropy, the magnetization measurements to find out the magnetic effects induced by the substitution of Mn+2 by Cu+2 íons in the quaseone-dimensional Heisenberg-like antiferromagnets CsMn1-xCuxA3.2H2O (A = Cl,Br) were made. In the diluted samples of the Br derivative, we observe the appearance of a remanent magnetization (Mr) below TN when they are cooled in a small axial magnetic field applied along the easy axis. This does not occur in the diluted samples of the Cl derivative. The intra-chain exchange both in Cl and Br compounds is antiferromagnetic, however the inter-chain exhange along the easy axis is antiferromagnetic in the chloride compound and ferromagnetic in the bromide. This fact seems to be deterministic in the appearance of the net moments below TN in the bromide. Moreover, the magnetization measurements on single crystals of the sitediluted antiferromagnet A2Fe1-xInxCl5.H2O (A = Cs) were carried out at low magnetic fields (H) applied along the easy axis. The data revealed that a Mr develops below the Néel temperature TN. This Mr(T) is parallel to the easy axis , saturates for H ~ 1 Oe and it increases with decreasing T. It has also temperature dependence as another diluted systems of the same family (A = K, Rb). For all these systems the normalized Mr(t)/Mr(t = 0,3), where t = T/TN is the reduced temperature, is independet of x and follow a universal curve. In the context of high anisotropy, the temperature dependence of the excess magnetization at low and high fields was investigated for the diluted antiferromagnet FexZn1-xF2 (x = 0.72; 0.46 and 0.31) and pure system FeF2 as well. It was found that Mr is either along the easy axis or perpendicular to it. The size of Mr for very low fields (H < 1 Oe) depends on H but it sature for fields of the order of few Oersteds. The expected random field (RF) behaivor is observed when H is applied along the easy axis at higher fields.
3

S?ntese, caracteriza??o e estudo das propriedades magn?ticas de ortoferritas de lant?nio dopadas com mangan?s

Lima, Andr?ia Cavalcante de 27 December 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:42:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AndreiaCL_TESE.pdf: 5308625 bytes, checksum: 13df680734f410713c3992d8e7be1c8f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Orthoferrites AFeO3 (A = rare earth) are an important class of perovskite oxides that exhibit weak ferromagnetism. These materials find numerous applications as chemical sensors, cathodes for fuel cells and catalysis, which make them interesting from the standpoint of science and technology. Their structural, electrical and magnetic properties are dependent on many factors such as the preparation method, heat treatment conditions, chemical composition and replacement of cations in sites A and/or B. In this paper, LaFe1-xMnxO3 (0 &#8804; x &#8804; 1) orthoferrites-type was prepared by Pechini method and Microwave-assisted combustion reaction in order to evaluate the influence of synthesis route on the formation of oxide, as well as the effect of parcial replacement of iron by manganese and heat treatment on the magnetic properties. The precursor powders were calcined at 700?C, 900?C, 1100?C and 1300?C for 4 hours and they were characterized by the techniques: Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X ray diffraction (XRD), Refinement by Rietveld method, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Reduction temperature programmed (RTP) and Magnetic hysteresis measurements performed at room temperature. According to the XRD patterns, the formation of perovskite phase with orthorhombic structure was observed for the systems where 0 &#8804; x &#8804; 0.5 and rhombohedral for x = 1. The results also showed a decrease of lattice parameters with the parcial replacement of iron by manganese and consequently a reduction in cell volume. The hysteresis curves exhibited weak ferromagnetism for the systems prepared by both synthesis methods. However, a dependence of magnetization as a function of dopant content was observed for samples produced by Pechini method. As for the systems prepared by combustion reaction, it was found that the secondary phases exert a strong influence on the magnetic behavior / Ortoferritas AFeO3 (A = terra rara) constituem uma importante classe de ?xidos perovskita que exibem ferromagnetismo fraco. Estes materiais encontram in?meras aplica??es como sensores qu?micos, catodos para c?lulas a combust?veis e na ?rea de cat?lise, o que os fazem interessantes do ponto de vista cient?fico e tecnol?gico. Suas propriedades estruturais, el?tricas e magn?ticas s?o dependentes de v?rios fatores tais como: o m?todo de prepara??o, condi??es do tratamento t?rmico, composi??o qu?mica e substitui??o de c?tions nos s?tios A e/ou B. Neste trabalho, ortoferritas do tipo LaFe1-xMnxO3 (0 &#8804; x &#8804; 1) foram preparadas pelo m?todo Pechini e pela rea??o de combust?o assistida por microondas com a finalidade de avaliar a influ?ncia da rota de s?ntese na forma??o do ?xido, assim como o efeito da substitui??o parcial do ferro por mangan?s e do tratamento t?rmico nas propriedades magn?ticas. Os p?s precursores foram calcinados a 700?C, 900?C, 1100?C e 1300?C por 4 horas e caracterizados atrav?s das t?cnicas: An?lise termogravim?trica (TG), Difra??o de raios X (DRX), Refinamento pelo m?todo de Rietveld, Microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV), Redu??o a temperatura programada (RTP) e Medidas de histerese magn?ticas realizadas ? temperatura ambiente. De acordo com os difratogramas, a forma??o da fase perovskita com estrutura ortorr?mbica foi observada para os sistemas onde 0 &#8804; x &#8804; 0,5 e, rombo?drica para x = 1. Os resultados tamb?m mostraram uma diminui??o dos par?metros de rede com a substitui??o parcial do ferro por mangan?s e, conseq?entemente uma redu??o do volume da c?lula unit?ria. As curvas de histerese exibiram ferromagnetismo fraco para os sistemas preparados por ambos os m?todos de s?ntese. Entretanto, uma depend?ncia da magnetiza??o em fun??o do teor de dopante foi observada para as amostras produzidas pelo m?todo Pechini. J? para os sistemas preparados por rea??o de combust?o, verificou-se que as fases secund?rias exercem forte influ?ncia no comportamento magn?tico
4

Theoretical determination of electric field-magnetic field phase diagrams of the multiferroic bismuth ferrite

Allen, Marc Alexander 28 August 2014 (has links)
Bismuth ferrite (BFO) is a multiferroic material with cross-correlation between magnetic and electric orders. With no applied external fields the spin structure of BFO is anitferromagnetic and cycloidal. This ordering prevents the detection of the weak ferromagnetism known to exist in the material. The application of magnetic and electric fields of suitable strength and direction is capable of compelling the Fe3+ spins to align in a homogeneous, antiferromagnetic fashion. This report details how numerical methods were used to simulate the spin alignment of a BFO system under different fields. The results were compiled into electric field-magnetic field phase diagrams of BFO to show the divide between cycloidal and homogeneous systems. / Graduate / 0607 / 0611 / marca@uvic.ca
5

Theoretical investigation of size effects in multiferroic nanoparticles

Allen, Marc Alexander 05 August 2020 (has links)
Over the last two decades, great progress has been made in the understanding of multiferroic materials, ones where multiple long-range orders simultaneously exist. However, much of the research has focused on bulk systems. If these materials are to be incorporated into devices, they would not be in bulk form, but would be miniaturized, such as in nanoparticle form. Accordingly, a better understanding of multiferroic nanoparticles is necessary. This manuscript examines the multiferroic phase diagram of multiferroic nanoparticles related to system size and surface-induced magnetic anisotropy. There is a particular focus on bismuth ferrite, the room-temperature antiferromagnetic-ferroelectric multiferroic. Theoretical results will be presented which show that at certain sizes, a bistability develops in the cycloidal wavevector. This implies bistability in the ferroelectric and magnetic moments of the nanoparticles. This novel magnetoelectric bistability may be of use in the creation of an electrically-written, magnetically-read memory element. / Graduate

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