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Zur Behandlung von Adipositas Grad III wird die chirurgische Therapie als einzig wirksame Strategie angesehen. Randomisierte Studien zum Vergleich von Adipositaschirurgie mit strukturierten konservativen Therapien liegen bisher nicht vor. Wir verglichen die Wirksamkeit beider Ansätze und randomisierten 64 adipöse Patienten (34 konservativ, 30 chirurgisch). Die chirurgische Therapie beinhaltete eine Magenband-Implantation, die konservative Therapie Ernährungsumstellung (-600 kcal/Tag; 25% Fettkalorien), Bewegungstherapie (2x45 Minuten Aqua-Gymnastik /Woche), verhaltenspsychologische Sitzungen und medikamentöse Therapie (Sibutramin 10 mg/Tag). Auswertbare Daten lagen von 20 konservativ und 10 chirurgisch behandelten Patienten vor. Die Körpergewichtsreduktion nach 1 Jahr betrug 13±9% in der konservativen und 15±3% in der chirurgischen Gruppe (p=ns). 90% des Gewichtsverlustes der konservativen Gruppe erfolgte in den ersten 4 Monaten. In beiden Gruppen besserten sich NBZ, HbA1c, Glucose-/Insulinfläche (AUC) des oGTT ähnlich. Wobei AUCIns der operativen Gruppe zunächst anstieg, während in der konservativen Gruppe eine deutliche signifikante Reduktion um 21%; (Wechselwirkung: p=0,01) resultierte. Die chirurgisch versorgten Patienten zeigten eine ausgeprägtere Reduktion der Nüchtern-Insulinresistenz (konservativ -26±33%, -38±16% chirurgisch); (p=ns). Die gemittelte Insulinsensitivität verbesserte sich mehr in der konservativen Gruppe. In beiden Gruppen konnte die antihypertensive und antidiabetische Therapie reduziert werden. Eine intensive konservative Therapie bewirkt bei Patienten mit Adipositas Grad III nach 1 Jahr eine ähnliche Gewichtsreduktion wie die Implantation eines Magenbandes. Beide Behandlungsstrategien verbessern den Glukosestoffwechsel, tendenziell größere Verbesserung postprandial in der konservativen Gruppe. Somit sollte auch bei Patienten mit hochgradiger Adipositas initial ein konservativer Behandlungsversuch unternommen werden. / Surgical treatment has been advocated as the only effective means to treat obesity stage III. However, randomized studies comparing surgical methods with structured conservative treatment approaches have not been conducted. We compared the efficacy of both strategies in 64 obese patients and randomized 34 patients in conservative therapy, 30 patients in surgical therapy. Surgical therapy included implantation of an adjustable gastric band. Conservative therapy incorporated dietary adjustment (-600 kcal/day; 25% fat calories), physical exercise (2x45 minutes exercise in water/week), psychological behavioral counseling and pharmacological therapy (sibutramine 10 mg/day). The full data set was obtained in 20 conservative and in 10 surgical treated patients. After one year, body weight had decreased 13±9% in the conservative and 15±3% in the surgical group (p=ns). In contrast to gastric banded patients 90% of weight loss in conservative group was happened in the fist 4 month. Fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, area under the curveGlucose/Insulin improved similarly in both groups. Whereas for the time of beginning in gastric banded group AUCIns increased, in conservative group decreased (-21%; interaction: p=0.01). Surgically treated patients exhibited a slightly greater reduction in fasting insulin resistance (conservative -26±33%, -38±16% surgical; p=ns). In contrast, averaged insulin sensitivity tended to improve slightly more in the conservative group. Antihypertensive and antidiabetic therapy could be reduced in both groups. Intense conservative therapy in patients with obesity stage III is over one year as effective as surgical therapy with an adjustable gastric band in reducing body weight. Both strategies improve glucose metabolism with a greater tendency in postprandial glucose metabolism in conservative group. Thus, severely obese patients should at least initially be submitted to a treatment trial with intense conservative therapy.

The design and analysis of an automotive structure is an important stage of the vehicle design process. The structural characteristics have significant impact on the vehicle performance. During the design process it is necessary to have knowledge about the structural characteristics; however in the preliminary design stages detailed information about the structure is not available. During this period of the design process the structure is often simplified to a representative model that can be analyzed and used as the input for the detailed design process. A vehicle model is developed based on the space frame structures where the frame is the load carrying portion of the structure. Preliminary design analysis is conducted using a static load condition applied to the vehicle as pure bending and pure torsion. The deflections of the vehicle based on these loading conditions are determined using the finite element method which has been implemented in developed software. The structural response, measured as the bending and torsion stiffness, is used to evaluate the structural design. An optimization program is implemented to improve the structural design with the goal of reducing weight while increasing stiffness. Following optimization the model is completed by estimating suitable plate thicknesses using a method of substructure analysis. The output of this process will be an optimized structural model with low weight and high stiffness that is ready for detailed design. / UOIT

Introdução: a prevalência de obesidade infantil tem aumentado rapidamente no Brasil nas últimas décadas. Por isso, há uma necessidade urgente de desenvolver estratégias efetivas na prevenção e controle da obesidade infantil. Neste contexto, foi desenvolvido um programa de intervenção com educação nutricional e atividade física no âmbito escolar, com o objetivo de prevenção e controle da obesidade, denominado TriAtiva: educação, alimentação e atividade física. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo controlado randomizado por conglomerado, conduzido em 12 escolas municipais da cidade de Porto Alegre/RS (6 escolas intervenção e 6 escolas controle), do primeiro ao quarto ano do ensino fundamental, durante um ano letivo. O Programa TriAtiva foi implementado nas escolas de intervenção, através de práticas educativas relacionadas à alimentação saudável e à atividade física, visando ao desenvolvimento da saúde do aluno em um ambiente favorável, com o envolvimento da comunidade escolar e dos familiares. Foi considerado desfecho primário o índice de massa corporal e como desfechos secundários o percentual de gordura corporal, circunferência da cintura, além da prevalência, incidência e remissão do excesso de peso e obesidade. Resultados: foram avaliados 600 escolares, com uma perda de 10,3% até o final do estudo. Comparados ao grupo controle, escolares do grupo intervenção apresentaram redução no índice de massa corporal (IMC), com diferença de média padronizada (DMP) de -0,18 (IC95%: -0,27 a -0,08; P=0,002), no peso com DMP de -0,10 (IC95%: - 0,16 a -0,04; P=0,004) e no escore Z do IMC com DMP de -0,19 (IC95%: -0,29 a -0,09; P=0,002), todos com significância estatística. Também houve redução, mas não estatisticamente significativa, na circunferência da cintura com DMP de -0,07 (IC95%: -0,13 a 0,02; P=0,06) e no percentual de gordura corporal com DMP de -0,07 (IC95%: -0,28 a 0,14; P=0,47). O grupo intervenção apresentou mudança com a redução na prevalência de excesso de peso e obesidade com odds ratio (OR) de 0,77 (IC95%:0,61 a 0,97; P=0,02) e OR de 0,54 (IC95%: 0,44 a 0,67; P<0,001), respectivamente. Também houve aumento na remissão do excesso de peso e obesidade, com OR de 3,57 (IC95%: 1,39 a 9,09; P=0,008) e OR de 7,69 (IC95%: 3,94 a 14,28; P<0,001), respectivamente. Mas não houve mudanças na incidência do excesso de peso com OR de 0,57 (IC95%: 0,20 a 1,62; P= 0,29) e na obesidade com OR de 0,89 (IC95%: 0,18 a 4,28; P=0,88). Conclusão: o Programa TriAtiva apresentou efeitos positivos no IMC e mudanças favoráveis na prevalência e remissão da obesidade, após o término do programa, tornando-se um aliado na prevenção e controle da obesidade, no âmbito escolar. Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos: RBR- 2xx2z4. / Introduction: The prevalence of childhood obesity has increased rapidly in Brazil in the last decades. Therefore, there is an urgent necessity to develop effective strategies for the prevention and control of childhood obesity. In this context, it was developed an intervention program with nutrition education and physical activity at schools, with objectives to prevent and control obesity, called TriAtiva: education, nutrition and physical activity. Methods: This is a cluster randomized controlled trial, conducted in 12 public schools in Porto Alegre/RS (6 intervention schools and 6 control schools), from first to fourth grade from elementary school during one school year. The TriAtiva Program was implemented in the intervention schools through educational practices associated to healthy eating and physical activity, aimed the development of the health for student in a favorable environment, with the involvement of the school community and family. The body mass index was considered the primary outcome and the secondary outcomes were the percentage of body fat, waist circumference, beyond the prevalence, incidence and remission of overweight and obesity. Results: 600 students were assessed, the loss was 10.3% until the end of the study. Compared to the control group, students in the intervention group showed a reduction in body mass index (BMI), the standardized mean difference (SMD) was -0.18 (95% CI: -0.27 to -0.08; P = 0.002 ), SMD for the weight was -0.10 (95% CI: - 0.16 to -0.04; P = 0.004) and for BMI z-score was -0.19 (95% CI: -0.29 to -0.09; P = 0.002), all with statistical significance. There was a reduction, but not statistically significant, in waist circumference, where SMD was -0.07 (95% CI: -0.13 to 0.02; P = 0.06) and SMD for percentage of body fat was -0.07 (95% CI: -0.28 to 0.14; P = 0.47). The intervention group showed a change with a reduction in the prevalence of overweight and obesity, odds ratio (OR) was 0.77 (95% CI: 0.61 to 0.97; P = 0.02) and 0.54 (95% CI: 0.44 to 0.67; P < 0.001), respectively. Also there was an increase in the remission of overweight and obesity, where OR was 3.57 (95% CI: 1.39 to 9.09; P = 0.008) and 7.69 (95% CI: 3.94 to 14.28; P < 0.001), respectively. Although there were no changes in the incidence of overweight where OR was 0.57 (95% CI: 0.20 to 1.62; P = 0.29) and for obesity OR was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.18 to 4.28; P = 0.88). Conclusion: TriAtiva program showed positive effects on BMI and favorable changes in the prevalence and remission of obesity, after the program ends, becoming an allied in the prevention and control of obesity at schools. Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (ReBec): RBR- 2xx2z4.

Introdução: a prevalência de obesidade infantil tem aumentado rapidamente no Brasil nas últimas décadas. Por isso, há uma necessidade urgente de desenvolver estratégias efetivas na prevenção e controle da obesidade infantil. Neste contexto, foi desenvolvido um programa de intervenção com educação nutricional e atividade física no âmbito escolar, com o objetivo de prevenção e controle da obesidade, denominado TriAtiva: educação, alimentação e atividade física. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo controlado randomizado por conglomerado, conduzido em 12 escolas municipais da cidade de Porto Alegre/RS (6 escolas intervenção e 6 escolas controle), do primeiro ao quarto ano do ensino fundamental, durante um ano letivo. O Programa TriAtiva foi implementado nas escolas de intervenção, através de práticas educativas relacionadas à alimentação saudável e à atividade física, visando ao desenvolvimento da saúde do aluno em um ambiente favorável, com o envolvimento da comunidade escolar e dos familiares. Foi considerado desfecho primário o índice de massa corporal e como desfechos secundários o percentual de gordura corporal, circunferência da cintura, além da prevalência, incidência e remissão do excesso de peso e obesidade. Resultados: foram avaliados 600 escolares, com uma perda de 10,3% até o final do estudo. Comparados ao grupo controle, escolares do grupo intervenção apresentaram redução no índice de massa corporal (IMC), com diferença de média padronizada (DMP) de -0,18 (IC95%: -0,27 a -0,08; P=0,002), no peso com DMP de -0,10 (IC95%: - 0,16 a -0,04; P=0,004) e no escore Z do IMC com DMP de -0,19 (IC95%: -0,29 a -0,09; P=0,002), todos com significância estatística. Também houve redução, mas não estatisticamente significativa, na circunferência da cintura com DMP de -0,07 (IC95%: -0,13 a 0,02; P=0,06) e no percentual de gordura corporal com DMP de -0,07 (IC95%: -0,28 a 0,14; P=0,47). O grupo intervenção apresentou mudança com a redução na prevalência de excesso de peso e obesidade com odds ratio (OR) de 0,77 (IC95%:0,61 a 0,97; P=0,02) e OR de 0,54 (IC95%: 0,44 a 0,67; P<0,001), respectivamente. Também houve aumento na remissão do excesso de peso e obesidade, com OR de 3,57 (IC95%: 1,39 a 9,09; P=0,008) e OR de 7,69 (IC95%: 3,94 a 14,28; P<0,001), respectivamente. Mas não houve mudanças na incidência do excesso de peso com OR de 0,57 (IC95%: 0,20 a 1,62; P= 0,29) e na obesidade com OR de 0,89 (IC95%: 0,18 a 4,28; P=0,88). Conclusão: o Programa TriAtiva apresentou efeitos positivos no IMC e mudanças favoráveis na prevalência e remissão da obesidade, após o término do programa, tornando-se um aliado na prevenção e controle da obesidade, no âmbito escolar. Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos: RBR- 2xx2z4. / Introduction: The prevalence of childhood obesity has increased rapidly in Brazil in the last decades. Therefore, there is an urgent necessity to develop effective strategies for the prevention and control of childhood obesity. In this context, it was developed an intervention program with nutrition education and physical activity at schools, with objectives to prevent and control obesity, called TriAtiva: education, nutrition and physical activity. Methods: This is a cluster randomized controlled trial, conducted in 12 public schools in Porto Alegre/RS (6 intervention schools and 6 control schools), from first to fourth grade from elementary school during one school year. The TriAtiva Program was implemented in the intervention schools through educational practices associated to healthy eating and physical activity, aimed the development of the health for student in a favorable environment, with the involvement of the school community and family. The body mass index was considered the primary outcome and the secondary outcomes were the percentage of body fat, waist circumference, beyond the prevalence, incidence and remission of overweight and obesity. Results: 600 students were assessed, the loss was 10.3% until the end of the study. Compared to the control group, students in the intervention group showed a reduction in body mass index (BMI), the standardized mean difference (SMD) was -0.18 (95% CI: -0.27 to -0.08; P = 0.002 ), SMD for the weight was -0.10 (95% CI: - 0.16 to -0.04; P = 0.004) and for BMI z-score was -0.19 (95% CI: -0.29 to -0.09; P = 0.002), all with statistical significance. There was a reduction, but not statistically significant, in waist circumference, where SMD was -0.07 (95% CI: -0.13 to 0.02; P = 0.06) and SMD for percentage of body fat was -0.07 (95% CI: -0.28 to 0.14; P = 0.47). The intervention group showed a change with a reduction in the prevalence of overweight and obesity, odds ratio (OR) was 0.77 (95% CI: 0.61 to 0.97; P = 0.02) and 0.54 (95% CI: 0.44 to 0.67; P < 0.001), respectively. Also there was an increase in the remission of overweight and obesity, where OR was 3.57 (95% CI: 1.39 to 9.09; P = 0.008) and 7.69 (95% CI: 3.94 to 14.28; P < 0.001), respectively. Although there were no changes in the incidence of overweight where OR was 0.57 (95% CI: 0.20 to 1.62; P = 0.29) and for obesity OR was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.18 to 4.28; P = 0.88). Conclusion: TriAtiva program showed positive effects on BMI and favorable changes in the prevalence and remission of obesity, after the program ends, becoming an allied in the prevention and control of obesity at schools. Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (ReBec): RBR- 2xx2z4.

Introdução: a prevalência de obesidade infantil tem aumentado rapidamente no Brasil nas últimas décadas. Por isso, há uma necessidade urgente de desenvolver estratégias efetivas na prevenção e controle da obesidade infantil. Neste contexto, foi desenvolvido um programa de intervenção com educação nutricional e atividade física no âmbito escolar, com o objetivo de prevenção e controle da obesidade, denominado TriAtiva: educação, alimentação e atividade física. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo controlado randomizado por conglomerado, conduzido em 12 escolas municipais da cidade de Porto Alegre/RS (6 escolas intervenção e 6 escolas controle), do primeiro ao quarto ano do ensino fundamental, durante um ano letivo. O Programa TriAtiva foi implementado nas escolas de intervenção, através de práticas educativas relacionadas à alimentação saudável e à atividade física, visando ao desenvolvimento da saúde do aluno em um ambiente favorável, com o envolvimento da comunidade escolar e dos familiares. Foi considerado desfecho primário o índice de massa corporal e como desfechos secundários o percentual de gordura corporal, circunferência da cintura, além da prevalência, incidência e remissão do excesso de peso e obesidade. Resultados: foram avaliados 600 escolares, com uma perda de 10,3% até o final do estudo. Comparados ao grupo controle, escolares do grupo intervenção apresentaram redução no índice de massa corporal (IMC), com diferença de média padronizada (DMP) de -0,18 (IC95%: -0,27 a -0,08; P=0,002), no peso com DMP de -0,10 (IC95%: - 0,16 a -0,04; P=0,004) e no escore Z do IMC com DMP de -0,19 (IC95%: -0,29 a -0,09; P=0,002), todos com significância estatística. Também houve redução, mas não estatisticamente significativa, na circunferência da cintura com DMP de -0,07 (IC95%: -0,13 a 0,02; P=0,06) e no percentual de gordura corporal com DMP de -0,07 (IC95%: -0,28 a 0,14; P=0,47). O grupo intervenção apresentou mudança com a redução na prevalência de excesso de peso e obesidade com odds ratio (OR) de 0,77 (IC95%:0,61 a 0,97; P=0,02) e OR de 0,54 (IC95%: 0,44 a 0,67; P<0,001), respectivamente. Também houve aumento na remissão do excesso de peso e obesidade, com OR de 3,57 (IC95%: 1,39 a 9,09; P=0,008) e OR de 7,69 (IC95%: 3,94 a 14,28; P<0,001), respectivamente. Mas não houve mudanças na incidência do excesso de peso com OR de 0,57 (IC95%: 0,20 a 1,62; P= 0,29) e na obesidade com OR de 0,89 (IC95%: 0,18 a 4,28; P=0,88). Conclusão: o Programa TriAtiva apresentou efeitos positivos no IMC e mudanças favoráveis na prevalência e remissão da obesidade, após o término do programa, tornando-se um aliado na prevenção e controle da obesidade, no âmbito escolar. Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos: RBR- 2xx2z4. / Introduction: The prevalence of childhood obesity has increased rapidly in Brazil in the last decades. Therefore, there is an urgent necessity to develop effective strategies for the prevention and control of childhood obesity. In this context, it was developed an intervention program with nutrition education and physical activity at schools, with objectives to prevent and control obesity, called TriAtiva: education, nutrition and physical activity. Methods: This is a cluster randomized controlled trial, conducted in 12 public schools in Porto Alegre/RS (6 intervention schools and 6 control schools), from first to fourth grade from elementary school during one school year. The TriAtiva Program was implemented in the intervention schools through educational practices associated to healthy eating and physical activity, aimed the development of the health for student in a favorable environment, with the involvement of the school community and family. The body mass index was considered the primary outcome and the secondary outcomes were the percentage of body fat, waist circumference, beyond the prevalence, incidence and remission of overweight and obesity. Results: 600 students were assessed, the loss was 10.3% until the end of the study. Compared to the control group, students in the intervention group showed a reduction in body mass index (BMI), the standardized mean difference (SMD) was -0.18 (95% CI: -0.27 to -0.08; P = 0.002 ), SMD for the weight was -0.10 (95% CI: - 0.16 to -0.04; P = 0.004) and for BMI z-score was -0.19 (95% CI: -0.29 to -0.09; P = 0.002), all with statistical significance. There was a reduction, but not statistically significant, in waist circumference, where SMD was -0.07 (95% CI: -0.13 to 0.02; P = 0.06) and SMD for percentage of body fat was -0.07 (95% CI: -0.28 to 0.14; P = 0.47). The intervention group showed a change with a reduction in the prevalence of overweight and obesity, odds ratio (OR) was 0.77 (95% CI: 0.61 to 0.97; P = 0.02) and 0.54 (95% CI: 0.44 to 0.67; P < 0.001), respectively. Also there was an increase in the remission of overweight and obesity, where OR was 3.57 (95% CI: 1.39 to 9.09; P = 0.008) and 7.69 (95% CI: 3.94 to 14.28; P < 0.001), respectively. Although there were no changes in the incidence of overweight where OR was 0.57 (95% CI: 0.20 to 1.62; P = 0.29) and for obesity OR was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.18 to 4.28; P = 0.88). Conclusion: TriAtiva program showed positive effects on BMI and favorable changes in the prevalence and remission of obesity, after the program ends, becoming an allied in the prevention and control of obesity at schools. Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (ReBec): RBR- 2xx2z4.

Contexte / Objectif: Le maintien de la perte de poids est essentiel pour la gestion de l'obésité et des maladies chroniques associées. Cette étude vise à identifier les stratégies et les barrières associées à la perte de poids à long terme chez les femmes en surpoids et obèses au Québec. Méthode: Une étude transversale utilisant un modèle de triangulation simultanée entre les méthodes quantitatives et qualitatives a été utilisée. Pour colliger les données quantitatives et qualitatives, un questionnaire a été administré aux participantes par téléphone par la chercheuse de l’étude et une série de questions ont été envoyées par courriel afin de compléter l’analyse qualitative. Un total de 29 femmes en surpoids ou obèses ayant suivi une intervention de perte de poids avec la diététiste (également la chercheuse de cette étude) ont été incluses. Une perte de poids de 5% maintenue pendant au moins un an a été considérée comme un maintien de perte de poids réussi (n = 15). Sinon, elles étaient classées comme une non-réussite (n = 14) du maintien de la perte de poids. Résultats: Les participantes ayant maintenues leur poids avaient plus de probabilités d’avoir complété un niveau de scolarité plus élevé et d’avoir perdu plus de poids après le premier mois d’intervention nutritionnelle que les participantes qui avaient repris leur poids. Les stratégies individuelles significativement plus utilisées chez les réussites du maintien de perte de poids comparé aux non-réussites étaient; augmenter la consommation d'aliments non transformés ou peu transformés, limiter la consommation d'aliments ultra-transformés, réduire la taille des portions et faire de l’activité physique (AP) (≥ 40 minutes / jour). Les stratégies environnementales telles que; avoir le soutien d’un réseau social et créer un environnement alimentaire plus sain à la maison étaient légèrement plus rapportées par les réussites de perte de poids. La barrière principale au maintien de la perte de poids était la tentation des aliments pour les personnes qui avaient maintenues leur poids, tandis que pour les participantes classées comme «non-réussite», la pratique de l'AP était leur principale barrière. Conclusion: Le succès de la perte de poids est complexe, multifactorielle et dépend du contexte. Il n'y a pas de «stratégie unique» pour le succès du maintien de la perte de poids. Une perte de poids à long terme est possible, mais elle nécessite de suivre des principes de bases telles que de limiter la consommation d’aliments ultra-transformés, augmenter la consommation d’aliments non ou minimalement transformés, cuisiner et réduire les portions, et ces principes doivent être durables. Pour augmenter les chances de réussite du maintien de la perte de poids, les individus et les professionnels de la santé devraient cibler des stratégies en fonction de la compréhension de l’interaction entre les choix individuels et plusieurs dimensions de l’environnement alimentaire qui les déterminent, ainsi que du contexte particulier dans lequel les individus évoluent. / Background/Objective: Weight loss maintenance is crucial for successful management of obesity and its related chronic disease. This study aimed to identify strategies and barriers associated with long-term weight loss among overweight and obese women in Quebec. Method: This study employed a cross-sectional method using a concurrent triangulation design that uses quantitative and qualitative instruments. To collect the quantitative and qualitative data, a questionnaire was administered to participants over the phone by the researcher and another series of questions were sent by email to participants to complete the qualitative analysis. A total sample of 29 overweight or obese women who had previously completed a weight loss intervention program with a registered dietitian (who is also the researcher of this study) were included. A 5% weight loss maintained for at least one year was considered a successful weight loss maintenance (n=15) and these participants were classified as maintainers. Otherwise, participants were classified as re-gainers (n=14). Results: Maintainers were more likely to have completed a higher level of education and to have lost more weight after the first month of nutrition intervention when compared to regainers. Individual strategies used significantly more within maintainers when compared to regainers included: increasing unprocessed or minimally processed food consumption, limiting ultra-processed food consumption, reducing portion sizes, and practicing physical activity (PA) (≥40 minutes/day). Social and environmental strategies such as having a supportive network and creating a healthy food environment at home were reported more by maintainers. The main barrier to weight loss maintenance was food temptation for maintainers whereas practicing PA was the main barrier for re-gainers. Conclusion: Weight loss success is complex, multifactorial, and context dependent. There is no “one size fits all strategy” for successful weight loss maintenance. Long-term weight loss is possible but requires following basic principles such as limiting ultra-processed foods, increasing whole and minimally processed food, cooking more and reducing portions, and these principles must be sustainable. To increase chances of successful weight loss maintenance, individuals and health professionals should target strategies according to an understanding of the interaction between individual choices and several dimensions of the food environment influencing these choices.

Die Herstellung von Stahlbeton erfordert einen hohen Energie- und Ressourceneinsatz, vor allem im Bereich der Zement- und Stahlproduktion. Stahlbetonbauteile sind gekennzeichnet durch hohe Traglasten, aber auch durch hohe Eigengewichte. Bei Beanspruchung auf Biegung wird Beton eigentlich nur im Bereich der Druckzone und zum Schutz der Bewehrung in der Zugzone benötigt. Dem können sich bisher platten- oder scheibenförmige Bauteile nicht anpassen. Der Beton wird über den gesamten Querschnitt eingesetzt. Natürlich wird er dabei auch zur Übertragung der Schubkräfte zwischen Druck- und Zugzone benötigt. Setzt man ihn über den vollen Querschnitt ein, bringt er einen hohen Anteil an Eigenlast in das Tragmodell ein und damit wird ein Teil der Tragfähigkeit durch die Eigenlast aufgebraucht. [Aus: Motivation und Ziel] / The production of reinforced concrete requires a high input of energy and resources, especially in the area of cement and steel production. Reinforced concrete components are characterised by high load-bearing capacities but also by high dead weights. When stressed in bending, concrete is actually only needed in the compression zone and to protect the reinforcement in the tension zone. Until now, slab or wall-shaped components have not been able to adapt to this. The concrete is used over the entire crosssection. Of course, it is also needed to transmit the shear forces between the compression and tension zones. If it is used over the full cross-section, it introduces a high proportion of dead load into the load-bearing model and thus part of the load-bearing capacity is used up by the dead load.

Zielstellung des Forschungsprojektes war die Entwicklung eines montagefertigen Verbundsystems aus vorgefertigten Elementen, Verankerungen und Unterkonstruktion zur Umsetzung nachhaltiger Fassadenlösungen. Dabei wurde ein neuer mineralischer Materialverbund mit textiler Verstärkung eingesetzt, der die Fertigung extrem dünnwandiger 3D-geformter Elemente mit hoher Passgenauigkeit gestattet. Das somit eröffnete sehr große Leichtbaupotential geht mit einer starken Gewichtsreduktion einher und ermöglicht damit erhebliche Ressourcen- und Energieeinsparungen. ... / The aim of the research project was the development of an assembly working system consisting of careful elements, anchors and substructure for the development of leading facade solutions. Has become a new mineral composite material with a textile ef ect, which allows the production of extremely narrow-walled 3D high-performance elements with a high degree of accuracy. This means that there is a very great potential for lightweight construction, with a strong weight reduction and thus enables what it is to do. ...