We propose a new method for analyzing longitudinal data which contain responses that are missing at random. This method consists in solving the generalized estimating equation (GEE) of [7] in which the incomplete responses are replaced by values adjusted using the inverse probability weights proposed in [14]. We show that the root estimator is consistent and asymptotically normal, essentially under some conditions on the marginal distribution and the surrogate correlation matrix as those presented in [12] in the case of complete data, and under minimal assumptions on the missingness probabilities. This method is applied to a real-life dataset taken from [10], which examines the incidence of respiratory disease in a sample of 250 pre-school age Indonesian children which were examined every 3 months for 18 months, using as covariates the age, gender, and vitamin A deficiency.

In this thesis, we present the space BMO, the one-parameter Hardy-Littlewood maximal function, and the two-parameter strong maximal function. We use the John-Nirenberg inequality, the relation between Muckenhoupt weights and BMO, and the Coifman-Rochberg proposition on constructing A1 weights with the Hardy- Littlewood maximal function to show the boundedness of the Hardy-Littlewood maximal function on BMO. The analogous statement for the strong maximal function is not yet understood. We begin our exploration of this problem by discussing an equivalence between the boundedness of the strong maximal function on rectangular BMO and the fact that the strong maximal function maps A∞ weights into the A1 class. We then extend a multiparameter counterexample to the Coifman-Rochberg proposition proposed by Soria (1987) and discuss the difficulties in modifying it into an A∞ counterexample that would disapprove the boundedness of the strong maximal function.

abstract: In the past decade, real-world applications of Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) have increased significantly. There has been growing interest in one of these types of UAVs, called a tail-sitter UAV, due to its VTOL and cruise capabilities. This thesis presents the fabrication of a spherical tail-sitter UAV and derives a nonlinear mathematical model of its dynamics. The singularity in the attitude kinematics of the vehicle is avoided using Modified Rodrigues Parameters (MRP). The model parameters of the fabricated vehicle are calculated using the bifilar pendulum method, a motor stand, and ANSYS simulation software. Then the trim conditions at hover are calculated for the nonlinear model, and the rotational dynamics of the model are linearized around the equilibrium state with the calculated trim conditions. Robust controllers are designed to stabilize the UAV in hover using the H2 control and H-infinity control methodologies. For H2 control design, Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control is used. For the H infinity control design, Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI) with frequency-dependent weights are derived and solved using the MATLAB toolbox YALMIP. In addition, a nonlinear controller is designed using the Sum-of-Squares (SOS) method to implement large-angle maneuvers for transitions between horizontal flight and vertical flight. Finally, the linear controllers are implemented in the fabricated spherical tail-sitter UAV for experimental validation. The performance trade-offs and the response of the UAV with the linear and nonlinear controllers are discussed in detail. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Aerospace Engineering 2018

Orientador: Athanase Billis / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T23:58:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ribeiro_MaisaMomessodeQuintal_D.pdf: 5438814 bytes, checksum: 7ebc71e57ee2f75f13a6adb902af916a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: A capacidade de prever os tumores órgão-confinados e a recorrência bioquímica pós-prostatectomia radical é o objetivo principal dos nomogramas pré-terapêuticos. A aferição da extensão tumoral do carcinoma em biópsias transretais aumenta o valor preditivo desses nomogramas. Os objetivos deste trabalho são avaliar características anatomoclínicas dos pacientes submetidos à prostatectomia radical entre 1997 e 2008 no Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, associando os aspectos morfológicos encontrados nas biópsias transretais com a extensão tumoral final, a situação das margens cirúrgicas, o estádio patológico e a recorrência bioquímica. Nas biópsias, a extensão tumoral foi avaliada através das seguintes formas: 1- Número e percentagem de fragmentos comprometidos por carcinoma; 2- Extensão total e percentual de carcinoma em milímetros de todos os fragmentos e 3- Maior extensão e maior percentual de carcinoma em um único fragmento. A presença de invasão perineural, de formações glomeruloides e de micronódulos colágenos nas biópsias foram associadas a diferentes variáveis clinicopatológicas. Foram incluídas no estudo todas as prostatectomias radicais submetidas inteiramente a exame histológico e estadiadas segundo os critérios da AJCC, 7ª edição. A extensão tumoral nas prostatectomias radicais foi avaliada através do sistema de contagem de pontos. Os valores de PSA ?0,2ng/mL foram considerados como marcadores bioquímicos de progressão tumoral. Para a associação entre variáveis contínuas foi utilizado o teste de Spearman. Para a comparação entre os diferentes métodos de extensão tumoral e o estádio patológico final >T2 e a situação das margens cirúrgicas foi utilizada regressão logística binária. O tempo de sobrevida livre de doença foi estudado usando o produto limite de Kaplan-Meier. Para avaliar o risco de recorrência bioquímica, foram realizadas análises uni e multivariadas, baseadas no modelo de Cox. Foram considerados significantes os valores de p?0,05. Todos os métodos de avaliação da extensão tumoral foram capazes de prever estádio patológico final >T2 e o comprometimento das margens cirúrgicas. Com a exceção da maior extensão e do maior percentual de carcinoma num único fragmento, todos os métodos estiveram associados a um maior risco de recorrência bioquímica. Somente a percentagem de fragmentos com carcinoma (%NFC), a maior extensão tumoral num único fragmento (MFC), o comprimento total da neoplasia em milímetros (ETC) e o percentual de carcinoma em todos os fragmentos (%ETC) mostraram diferença significativa no tempo de recorrência bioquímica pós-prostatectomia radical (Kaplan-Meier). O percentual do comprimento total de carcinoma (%ETC) apresentou maior valor preditivo que as demais aferições em relação ao estádio patológico final >pT2 e à recorrência bioquímica. O número de fragmentos comprometidos por carcinoma apresentou a melhor capacidade preditiva na avaliação do comprometimento das margens cirúrgicas. Em análise multivariada, o modelo que combinou PSA pré-operatório, graduação histológica de Gleason e %ETC mostrou maior capacidade preditiva de estádio patológico >pT2 e risco de recorrência bioquímica. Os micronódulos colágenos, as formações glomeruloides e a infiltração perineural foram achados infrequentes nas biópsias (13,7%, 11,9% e 20,8%, respectivamente). Não houve associação entre a presença de micronódulos colágenos com qualquer variável clínica, patológica ou recorrência tumoral. As formações glomeruloides estiveram diretamente relacionadas com a idade dos pacientes e com a graduação histológica de Gleason, tanto nas biópsias como nas prostatectomias radicais. A invasão perineural esteve diretamente relacionada à doença extraprostática (estádio patológico >T2). Não houve associação entre invasão perineural e recorrência bioquímica pós-cirurgia. Para o anatomopatologista em sua rotina diária é menos morosa e mais prática a simples aferição do número de fragmentos com carcinoma (NFC) e o percentual em relação ao total de fragmentos da amostra (%NFC). Essas aferições, associadas ao PSA pré-operatório e à graduação histológica de Gleason, constituem um modelo preditivo significante do estádio patológico final >T2 / Abstract: The focus of pre therapeutic nomograms is to preview organ-confined prostate cancer and biochemical recurrence. Measuring cancer extent on needle prostatic biopsies enhance the predictive value of nomograms. The objectives of this study were evaluate clinical and pathological characteristics of patients submitted to radical prostatectomy at University of Campinas from 1997 to 2008, correlating the morphological aspects on prostate needle biopsy with final tumoral extent, positive surgical margins, pathological stage and biochemical recurrence. Tumor extent was evaluated on needle biopsies as: 1- Number and percentage of cores with carcinoma; 2- Total length and percentage of cancer in mm in all cores; and, 3- The greatest length and percentage of cancer in a single core. Perineural invasion, collagenous micronodules and glomeruloid structures were also observed and correlated to different clinical and pathological variables. All surgical specimens were whole-mount processed and totally embedded. The pathological stage was defined by AJCC, 7th edition. Tumoral extent was evaluated by a semiquantitative point-count method. Biochemical progression was defined as PSA ?0.2ng/mL. Logistic regression was used to relate the variables to pathological stage>T2 and surgical margins. Spearman test was used to associate continuous variables. Time to biochemical (PSA) progression-free outcome was studied using the Kaplan-Meier product-limit analysis; the comparison between the groups was done using the log-rank test. For the risk of recurrence, univariate and multivariate analyses were based on Cox model. Two-sided P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. All measurements significantly predicted stage >pT2 and positive surgical margins. With the exception of the greatest length and percentage of cancer in a single core, all other methods were associated with a higher risk for biochemical recurrence. Only percentage of cores with carcinoma, greatest length of tumor in a single core and length and percentage of cancer in all cores significantly showed different time for PSA recurrence (Kaplan-Meier). Percentage of length of carcinoma in all cores was significantly and consistently stronger than other measures in all comparisons and combined to preoperative PSA and Gleason grade in multivariate analysis gained prediction for pathologic stage >T2 and was independent for risk of biochemical recurrence. The number of cores with carcinoma was stronger than other measures to predict positive surgical margins. Collagenous micronodules, glomeruloid structures and perineural invasion were infrequent findings on needle biopsies (13,7%, 11,9% e 20,8%, respectively). Collagenous micronodules were not related to any clinical or pathological variable, as well as tumoral recurrence. Glomeruloid structures were related to age and Gleason grade on needle biopsies and radical prostatectomies. Perineural invasion were directly associated to pathological stage >T2 (extraprostatic disease). There was no association between biochemical recurrence and perineural invasion, even in patients with organ-confined cancer. Percentage of total length of carcinoma in mm in all cores was statistically the strongest predictor of stage >pT2 and biochemical recurrence following radical prostatectomy, however, number and percentage of biopsy cores with cancer (the easiest way to measure tumor extent) are also statistically significant predictors and may be the favorite choice for the great majority of practical pathologists. Combined with preoperative PSA and Gleason grade on biopsy may improve the predictive value for stage >pT2 / Doutorado / Anatomia Patologica / Doutor em Ciências Médicas

Orientador: Liliane Maria Ferrareso Lona / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T07:49:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Franco_CileneMeinberg_M.pdf: 1835289 bytes, checksum: 8c7c34fee69d338538caffa2e9546741 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Iniciadores mono funcionais são largamente utilizados em polimerizações VIa radical livre. Muitas vezes, na busca de maiores produtividades, utilizam-se temperaturas de operação mais elevadas e/ou maiores concentrações iniciais de iniciador, que por conseqüência, geram polímeros com pesos moleculares mais baixos. O uso de iniciadores difuncionais permite o aumento da produtividade sem a redução no peso molecular do produto final, o que pode ser urna característica desejável. A pesquisa com iniciadores difuncionais é atual e de grande interesse industrial. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o efeito da funcionalidade do iniciador, no caso mono e difuncional, sobre a polimerização via radical livre, considerando corno caso estudo um polímero linear, o poliestireno, e um ramificado, o poli (acetato de vinila). Para isso, foram feitas, experimentalmente, reações de polimerização em ampolas de vidro (polimerização em massa), com o iniciador mono funcional (Luperox TBEC) e o di funcional (Luperox 531). Foram analisados também o efeito da temperatura de polimerização e a concentração de iniciador. Também neste trabalho é apresentado um estudo estatístico através de um Planejamento Fatorial, a fim de analisar o efeito das variáveis temperatura e concentração de iniciador na polimerização do estireno com iniciador difuncional. Observou-se, tanto para o estireno corno para o acetato de vinila, que quando utilizado o iniciador difuncional é possível obter conversões maiores, sem alterar o peso molecular médio mássico e numérico, sendo que em alguns casos pode se até obter um aumento no peso molecular. O uso de iniciador di funcional é também mais viável economicamente, pois apresenta melhores resultados frente ao monofuncional, mesmo quando utilizado em concentrações ou temperaturas menores do que as utilizadas com o iniciador mono funcional. É importante salientar o caráter inovador desta pesquisa, já que não foram encontrados, em literatura aberta, dados experimentais da polimerização do acetato de vinila (ou outro monômero que produza ramificações de cadeia longa) utilizando iniciadores difuncionais / Abstract: Monofunctional initiators are extensively utilized in free radical polymerization. In order to increase productivity, higher temperature or higher initial initiator concentration are used, therefore polymers with lower molecular weights are obtained. Bifunctional initiators increase the polymerization rate without decreasing the average molecular weight and this can be desirable. They are an important issue to be investigated and are of great interest to industries. The objective of this work is to analyze the effect of the functionality of the initiator, by using mono and bifunctional, in free radical polymerization, for linear polymer (poly styrene) and branched polymer (poly(vinyl acetate)). Polymerizations were experimentally performed in glass ampoules (bulk polymerization) using both mono(Luperox TBEC) and bi- (Luperox 531) functional initiators. The effects of temperature and initiator concentration were also analyzed for various polymerization conditions. This work includes a statistical study using the factorial design to analyze the effect of temperature and initiator concentration in styrene polymerization with bifunctional initiator. It is observed in this study, that high conversions with no effect in the molecular weigh of the dead polymer can be achieved using bifunctional initiators in the polymerization of styrene and vinyl acetate. In many cases, it is possible to obtain higher molecular weights. Bifunctional initiator can also be used to provide reduction costs to initiators. They showed better results than the monofunctional initiator when lower concentration or temperature lower were utilized. / Mestrado / Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos / Mestre em Engenharia Química

Some of the major problems faced by pig farmers are the oscillations of supply of grains commonly used in animal feed, to reduce the impacts caused by the fluctuating prices, has used low cost alternative foods. Cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) is important to humans as a source of carbohydrates and has excellent nutritional quality for animal feed, among its byproducts can cite Manipueira, however, become necessary feasibility studies on its use in the husbandry of swine in growing and finishing due to the presence of the toxic principle known as hydrocyanic acid. For this purpose, it is recommended to reduce the concentration of antinutritional factors and assess the availability of nutrients present in food for use in feed for pigs. In this context, this study aimed evaluate the use of liquid residue of the cassava in different inclusion levels in diets for pigs of average initial weight of 38 kg to slaughter, making the characterization of liquid residue of the cassava to be included diets and verifying the influence of inclusion on the performance, organ weights, pH of the stomach and economic feasibility of using this product. / Uns dos grandes problemas enfrentados pelos produtores de suínos são as oscilações de oferta de grãos comumente usados na alimentação animal, para reduzir os impactos provocados por essa oscilação de preços, tem-se utilizado alimentos alternativos de baixo custo. A mandioca (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) é importante para os seres humanos como fonte de carboidratos e possui excelente qualidade nutritiva para a alimentação animal, entre seus subprodutos podemos citar a manipueira, no entanto, tornam-se necessários estudos sobre a sua viabilidade no desempenho zootécnico de suínos na fase de crescimento e terminação, devido a presença do princípio tóxico conhecido como acido cianídrico. Para tal propósito, recomenda-se reduzir a concentração dos fatores antinutricionais e avaliar a disponibilidade dos nutrientes presentes neste alimento para sua utilização na alimentação de suínos. Neste contexto, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a utilização da manipueira em diferentes níveis de inclusão nas dietas de suínos de peso médio inicial de 38 kg ao abate, realizando a caracterização da manipueira a ser inclusa as dietas e verificando a influencia dessa inclusão sobre o desempenho, peso de órgãos, pH do estomago e viabilidade econômica da utilização desse subproduto.

This diploma thesis deals with the analysis of current accounts on the Czech banking market. Its goal is to find the most appropriate accounts for different types of clients. The work is divided into three parts. The theoretical part describes the problem of multicriteria decision making, basic concepts and principles, methods for calculating weight of the criteria and individual methods of multicriterial evaluation of alternatives. The second part is devoted to the description of the currently offered current accounts for individuals and a description of the selected criteria according to which the individual alternatives are evaluated. The last computational part tries to find the most appropriate accounts for those clients. Weights are calculated using the scoring method and DEMATEL method. Subsequently, the best accounts are selected by WSA, TOPSIS, ELECTRE III and MAPPAC. The calculations are made by using MS Excel add-in application Sanna.

We can include a variety of methods among the discrete multi-criteria decision-making models. One of those is the ELECTRE family methods. This still evolving group contains a large number of different methods and their modifications. Based on the obtained results the methods are divided into separating, ranking and sorting methods. An important factor affecting the results of these methods besides the threshold values is also determining the weights of criteria. First part of this thesis details theoretical description of these selected methods. In practical analysis methods are applied to real data. Comparison of results at the end of the thesis is devoted mainly to examining of the sensitivity of these methods to change of the weights of criteria.

This thesis is focused on description of the DRG (Diagnosis Related Groups) classification system and its application as the inpatient care financing tool. The objectives of this thesis are to sum up the possible applications of DRG system, to describe the calculation of indicators needed for health care payment in 2012 and to suggest some improvements to the algorithm to enhance the quality of data processing in the years ahead. The first part of this thesis is theoretical and it includes especially the history of the DRG classification system and an explanation of the basic concepts and the calculation methods. In the second part there is the description of the data file, which was used for the calculation of the inpatient care payments for 2012, its processing (specifically the determination of the relative weights of DRG) and the possibility to automate the whole solution.

This thesis brings a comprehensive view on the construction, usage and interpretation of composite indicators. Methods and techniques, which can be used for constructing composite indicators, are introduced. The focus is on their contribution to the transparent solution of the problem of correlation and compensability among underlying indicators. Transparency in construction of composite indicators is a crucial requirement for obtaining reliable results and their correct interpretation. The thesis consists of two main parts. The first part is theoretically oriented. First, the problem of adequacy and subsequently a measurement of the phenomenon by means of statistical indicators are discussed. Different methods for data normalization, setting a weighting scheme and aggregation are introduced and compared. These three steps are considered to be crucial in a process of constructing a composite indicator and thus, they are the core of the thesis. The aim is to investigate an interaction of normalization methods, weight-setting and aggregation methods, since these steps are not separate. The second part of the thesis consists of two comprehensive cases. Theoretical findings are applied and empirically verified in these cases. I investigated a robustness of the composite indicator depending on a combination of selected methods of normalization, setting weights and aggregation on a set of Europe 2020 indicators. Whereas this first case dealt with the comparative analysis of methods, the second case is focused purely on one issue -- university ranking. The proposed method reacts to criticism of currently published university rankings and takes into account specifics of the particular university as well as the exogenous background characteristics. The main added value rests in a contribution to a discussion about the improvement of construction and overall quality of composite indicators including their interpretation. I pointed out the main concerns and difficulties of composite indicators that often remain unnoticed by users and even constructors. The conclusion brings several beneficial findings, which can be used for the construction of a composite indicator and an interpretation of final scores and ranking. This work can also serve as a scientific ground for further research and development of the methodology of constructing composite indicators.