Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2017-05-12T12:54:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 YURE DE FREITAS PIRES.pdf: 1239854 bytes, checksum: d8a54fb67c48c869478b3188e1d826ef (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T12:54:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 YURE DE FREITAS PIRES.pdf: 1239854 bytes, checksum: d8a54fb67c48c869478b3188e1d826ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-15 / This work contributes to the definition and understanding of the science fiction that both lacks clarification and definition for many admirers or not, both scholars and readers, for confusing a science fiction with other styles, those arising from fantasy, horror, realism, realism Fantastic, among many others. We draw a time line with three works of science fiction to more effectively demonstrate a regency of his art about facts that permeate a reality and imaginary, a science and a literature. Such works as What are The War of the Worlds by H. G. Wells, 1984 by George Orwell and The Martian Chronicles by Ray Bradbury. In addition to the portrayal here as functions that differ from the elements inherited from other literary genres and their transmutations, a question of an element for man throughout his evolutionary process, a war. We use war as the most defining of scientific and technological progress, banks are broadly defined in these three works. And finally, about these requirements, what is more inherent in science fiction is its feedback between the real and imaginative, imaginative and real. / Este trabalho vem colaborar para uma compreensão a mais da ficção científica por leitores a fim de que não confundam a ficção científica com outros estilos, já que essa ficção advém da fantasia, horror, realismo, realismo fantástico, entre diversos outros sedimentos. Traçamos uma linha temporal com três obras de ficção científica para demonstrar, com mais eficiência a regência de sua arte sobre fatos que permeiam a realidade e o imaginário, a ciência e a literatura. São objetos de estudo as A Guerra dos Mundos de H. G. Wells, 1984 de George Orwell e As Crônicas Marcianas de Ray Bradbury. Além de retratar aqui as funções que se diferenciam dos elementos herdados de outros gêneros literários e suas transmutações, cunhamos a questão de um elemento chave para o homem em seu processo evolutivo, a guerra. Usamos a guerra como maior definidor do progresso científico e tecnológico, os quais são amplamente descritos nestas três obras. E por fim, sobre esses requisitos, o que mais é inerente à ficção científica é sua retroalimentação entre o real e imaginativo, imaginativo e real.

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo avaliar a eficiência de diferentes sistemas de ventilação no controle da transmissão aérea de agentes infecciosos em sala cirúrgica e em quarto de isolamento hospitalar. Para isso, foram desenvolvidos estudos experimentais e numéricos a partir de dados gerados em um hospital brasileiro de referência no tratamento de doenças respiratórias. Em uma sala cirúrgica, comparou-se o sistema de climatização existente (sistema de ventilação unidirecional) com um sistema split, adaptado na sala especialmente para este estudo. Em um quarto de isolamento compararam-se diferentes arranjos com ventilação natural (porta e janelas) e/ou mecânica (ventilador axial e unidade de descontaminação - filtro e exaustor). Em ambos os ambientes foram medidos parâmetros ambientais (velocidade do ar, temperatura do ar e intensidade de turbulência) e se realizou um estudo da concentração de partículas, mediante o uso de um gerador de partículas monodisperso. A partir dos dados gerados por meio desses procedimentos experimentais, para a sala cirúrgica, obteve-se o fator de proteção e, para o quarto de isolamento, a probabilidade de infecção utilizando o equacionamento proposto por Wells e Riley, bem como a taxa de decaimento de partículas. Os resultados experimentais subsidiaram a realização de um estudo numérico, que consistiu na avaliação dos campos de velocidade, temperatura e intensidade de turbulência do ar para os diferentes tipos de ventilação estudados e no estudo da dinâmica de partículas nos dois ambientes. Embora o sistema unidirecional seja, teoricamente, mais eficiente no controle das partículas, a metodologia de análise adotada evidenciou ineficiência do sistema na remoção de partículas devido a problemas na instalação e operação. Quanto ao sistema split, o presente estudo, como outros assemelhados, evidenciou a inadequação de seu uso em salas cirúrgicas. No quarto de isolamento a ventilação natural mostrou-se o método mais eficiente para a remoção de partículas e, consequentemente, o que mais reduz o risco de contaminação cruzada, conforme o equacionamento original de Wells-Riley. Para a sala cirúrgica foram obtidos valores experimentais do fator de proteção variando entre 0,10 e 0,52 e de -0,9 a +2,5 na análise numérica. Para o quarto de isolamento foram obtidos experimentalmente riscos de infecção entre 0,25 e 2,65%. Finalizando, este trabalho visa contribuir na proposição de uma metodologia experimental e numérica para a avaliação da dinâmica das partículas e, consequentemente, do risco de infecção por via aérea em ambientes hospitalares. / This research aims to evaluate the efficiency of different ventilation systems to control airborne transmission of infectious agents in a hospital operating room and isolation room. Experimental and numerical studies were carried out based on data generated in a Brazilian reference hospital for the treatment of respiratory diseases. In an operating room, an existing unidirectional air conditioning system (i. e., laminar air flow - LAF) was compared to a split system, adapted in the room especially for this study. In a respiratory isolation room, comparisons were drawn between different arrangements with natural ventilation (door and window) and/or mechanical ventilation (axial fan and decontamination unit - filter plus exhaust fan). In both rooms, environmental parameters (air speed, air temperature and turbulence intensity) were measured, and a study of particle concentration was developed employing a monodisperse aerosol generator. The data generated by these experimental procedures were used to calculate the protection factor for the operating room and the probability of infection for the isolation room, using the equation proposed by Wells and Riley, as well as the rate of particle decay. The experimental results were then used in a numerical study, which included evaluation of the fields of air velocity, temperature and turbulence intensity for different types of ventilation under study, as well as the analysis of particle dynamics in both environments. Although the unidirectional system is theoretically more effective for particle control, the methodology of analysis adopted revealed an inefficiency of this system in removing particles, due to installation and operation problems. Concerning the split system, this research - similarly to analogous studies - emphasizes the inadequacy of its use in operating rooms. In the isolation room, natural ventilation proved the most effective method for removing particles and, consequently, the one which reduces the most the risk of cross-contamination, according to the original Wells-Riley modeling. In the operating room were obtained experimental data for the protection factor ranging from 0.10 to 0.52 and from -0.9 to +2.5 in the numerical analysis. In the isolation room were obtained probabilities of infection between 0.25 and 2.65%. Finally, this work aims to contribute in proposing an experimental and numerical methodology for assessing the dynamics of particles and hence risk of airborne infection in hospital settings.

A 16×16×5.6 in. scaled, three-dimensional, physical model of a quarter of a 9-spot pattern was constructed to study the application of two processes designed to improve the efficiency of steam injection. The first process to be tested is the use of propane as a steam additive with the purpose of increasing recovery and accelerating oil production. The second process involves the use of a novel production configuration that makes use of a vertical injector and a smart horizontal producer in an attempt to mitigate the effects of steam override. The experimental model was scaled using the conditions in the San Ardo field in California and crude oil from the same field was used for the tests. Superheated steam at 190 – 200ºC was injected at 48 cm3/min (cold water equivalent) while maintaining the flowing pressures in the production wells at 50 psig. Liquid samples from each producer in the model were collected and treated to break emulsion and analyzed to determine water and oil volumes. Two different production configurations were tested: (1) a vertical well system with a vertical injector and three vertical producers and (2) a vertical injector-smart horizontal well system that consisted of a vertical injector and a smart horizontal producer divided into three sections. Runs were conducted using pure steam injection and steam-propane injection in the two well configurations. Experimental results indicated the following. First, for the vertical configuration, the addition of propane accelerated oil production by 53% and increased ultimate recovery by an additional 7% of the original oil in place when compared to pure steam injection. Second, the implementation of the smart horizontal system increased ultimate oil recovery when compared to the recovery obtained by employing the conventional vertical well system (49% versus 42% of the OOIP).

In the Canadian arctic, winter roads are engineered across the frozen land, rivers, and lakes. The strength and longevity of these roads depends on particular weather conditions. / Our research focuses on the winter road between Tulita and Norman Wells, Northwest Territories, open since 1982. The opening dates for the winter road are statistically analyzed. Five extreme early-opening years and five extreme late-opening years are determined and subsequently compared to both surface weather observations and large-scale synoptic structures prior to the opening dates for these years. Results show extreme late years are strong El Nino seasons, and extreme early years are colder and have more precipitation during November, than the 1971--2000 climatology. / The analysis of meteorological conditions near Norman Wells, associated with the extreme opening dates for this winter road, provides planners with more precise information germane to this road construction.

Electrical Submersible Pumping (ESP) is a well known artificial lift technique in reservoirs having high-water cut and low gas-oil ratio. It is known as an effective and economical method of producing large volumes of fluid under different well conditions. ESP equipments are capable of producing in a range of 200 b/d to 60.000 b/d. A case study was done, by designing 10 deviated or horizontal wells selected from the Y-oilfield in Western Siberia. SubPUMP software developed by IHS Energy is used for designing the ESP systems of these wells. These 10 wells will be working with variable speed drives. After selecting the available equipment from the inventory, the best running frequencies are selected for these wells. Evaluations of the designs are made from the pump performance graphs of each well. The pumps should work within their optimum efficiency ranges. These ranges can be seen from the pump performance curves. If the designs made are not within these efficiency ranges, designs should be evaluated and selecting new equipment should be should be an option. Because working outside the optimum efficiency ranges will decrease the production, shorten the runlifes of the pumps and the production will not be stable.

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo avaliar a eficiência de diferentes sistemas de ventilação no controle da transmissão aérea de agentes infecciosos em sala cirúrgica e em quarto de isolamento hospitalar. Para isso, foram desenvolvidos estudos experimentais e numéricos a partir de dados gerados em um hospital brasileiro de referência no tratamento de doenças respiratórias. Em uma sala cirúrgica, comparou-se o sistema de climatização existente (sistema de ventilação unidirecional) com um sistema split, adaptado na sala especialmente para este estudo. Em um quarto de isolamento compararam-se diferentes arranjos com ventilação natural (porta e janelas) e/ou mecânica (ventilador axial e unidade de descontaminação - filtro e exaustor). Em ambos os ambientes foram medidos parâmetros ambientais (velocidade do ar, temperatura do ar e intensidade de turbulência) e se realizou um estudo da concentração de partículas, mediante o uso de um gerador de partículas monodisperso. A partir dos dados gerados por meio desses procedimentos experimentais, para a sala cirúrgica, obteve-se o fator de proteção e, para o quarto de isolamento, a probabilidade de infecção utilizando o equacionamento proposto por Wells e Riley, bem como a taxa de decaimento de partículas. Os resultados experimentais subsidiaram a realização de um estudo numérico, que consistiu na avaliação dos campos de velocidade, temperatura e intensidade de turbulência do ar para os diferentes tipos de ventilação estudados e no estudo da dinâmica de partículas nos dois ambientes. Embora o sistema unidirecional seja, teoricamente, mais eficiente no controle das partículas, a metodologia de análise adotada evidenciou ineficiência do sistema na remoção de partículas devido a problemas na instalação e operação. Quanto ao sistema split, o presente estudo, como outros assemelhados, evidenciou a inadequação de seu uso em salas cirúrgicas. No quarto de isolamento a ventilação natural mostrou-se o método mais eficiente para a remoção de partículas e, consequentemente, o que mais reduz o risco de contaminação cruzada, conforme o equacionamento original de Wells-Riley. Para a sala cirúrgica foram obtidos valores experimentais do fator de proteção variando entre 0,10 e 0,52 e de -0,9 a +2,5 na análise numérica. Para o quarto de isolamento foram obtidos experimentalmente riscos de infecção entre 0,25 e 2,65%. Finalizando, este trabalho visa contribuir na proposição de uma metodologia experimental e numérica para a avaliação da dinâmica das partículas e, consequentemente, do risco de infecção por via aérea em ambientes hospitalares. / This research aims to evaluate the efficiency of different ventilation systems to control airborne transmission of infectious agents in a hospital operating room and isolation room. Experimental and numerical studies were carried out based on data generated in a Brazilian reference hospital for the treatment of respiratory diseases. In an operating room, an existing unidirectional air conditioning system (i. e., laminar air flow - LAF) was compared to a split system, adapted in the room especially for this study. In a respiratory isolation room, comparisons were drawn between different arrangements with natural ventilation (door and window) and/or mechanical ventilation (axial fan and decontamination unit - filter plus exhaust fan). In both rooms, environmental parameters (air speed, air temperature and turbulence intensity) were measured, and a study of particle concentration was developed employing a monodisperse aerosol generator. The data generated by these experimental procedures were used to calculate the protection factor for the operating room and the probability of infection for the isolation room, using the equation proposed by Wells and Riley, as well as the rate of particle decay. The experimental results were then used in a numerical study, which included evaluation of the fields of air velocity, temperature and turbulence intensity for different types of ventilation under study, as well as the analysis of particle dynamics in both environments. Although the unidirectional system is theoretically more effective for particle control, the methodology of analysis adopted revealed an inefficiency of this system in removing particles, due to installation and operation problems. Concerning the split system, this research - similarly to analogous studies - emphasizes the inadequacy of its use in operating rooms. In the isolation room, natural ventilation proved the most effective method for removing particles and, consequently, the one which reduces the most the risk of cross-contamination, according to the original Wells-Riley modeling. In the operating room were obtained experimental data for the protection factor ranging from 0.10 to 0.52 and from -0.9 to +2.5 in the numerical analysis. In the isolation room were obtained probabilities of infection between 0.25 and 2.65%. Finally, this work aims to contribute in proposing an experimental and numerical methodology for assessing the dynamics of particles and hence risk of airborne infection in hospital settings.

Orientadores: José Ricardo Pelaquim Mendes, Kazuo Miura / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica e Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T13:11:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DaFonseca_TiagoCardoso_M.pdf: 2105397 bytes, checksum: 938187b300de7b315fa5e2dcca4fef13 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Integridade de poço pode ser entendida como sua capacidade de evitar vazamentos para o meio ambiente e é uma importante característica de um poço de petróleo. Uma das formas de evitar vazamentos durante a fase de produção é realizar intervenções de manutenção que conservem os poços em situações seguras e com barreiras de segurança sobressalentes. A previsão de custos relativos às intervenções para manutenção deve ser levada em conta nas fases iniciais dos projetos de Desenvolvimento da Produção, quando se planeja e se avalia técnica e economicamente a campanha de construção de poços. Este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia para análise de integridade de poços de Desenvolvimento da Produção que considera a existência de estados intermediários, onde não há perda de integridade, mas o sistema poço encontra-se degradado, fundamentando-se nos conceitos de Conjuntos Solidários de Barreiras (CSB) propostos por Miura (2004) e em técnicas de Engenharia de Confiabilidade. A metodologia pode ser utilizada na previsão de recursos para as intervenções de manutenção de uma campanha de construção e operação de poços. Através do tempo esperado para falha de cada um dos CSB presentes na configuração de completação é possível se estimar quando o estado de integridade do poço passará a depender de um único Conjunto Solidário de Barreiras e qual a expectativa para que haja vazamento (ausência de CSB) / Abstract: Well integrity may be defined as its capability to prevent leaks to the environment and is therefore a very important feature for oil and gas wells. One way to avoid leaks during the well operation is to perform maintenance interventions, seeking to keep redundancy in the well's safety barriers. Cost assessment regarding the wells maintenance interventions shall be done during the initial phases of the Production Development project, when the wells construction campaign is both technically and economically evaluated. This work presents a methodology for petroleum wells integrity analysis considering the existence of intermediate stages, when the integrity has not been lost but the well is considered to be in a degraded status. The method is based on the Barrier Integrated Sets (BIS), proposed by Miura (2004, in Portuguese) and described by Miura et al. (2006 [1]), and on Reliability Engineering techniques. The methodology may be used for maintenance interventions resource assessment considering a well construction campaign. Through the computation of the mean time to failure of each BIS identified in the completion configuration it is possible to estimate when the well is in a degraded status, relying in a single Barrier Integrated Set and well the well is expected to leak (no BIS) / Mestrado / Explotação / Mestre em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo

No description available.

The problem in this study is to determine the worth of natural science as an incentive to the learning of the retarded pupils in the group, and as a means of orienting the new pupils in the group.

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries