In the US, the roaded landscape has had serious ecological effects. We studied wildlife-vehicle collisions occurring on the 248 state routes in Utah from 1992 to 2002. We tracked trends and patterns in deer-vehicle collisions, evaluated all routes for frequency of deer kills, and identified "hotspots" ( segments of road with high concentrations of collisions per mile). We found pronounced patterns: e.g., 61.15% of all collisions occurred on only 10 routes. We studied the effects of posted speed limit and annual average daily traffic flow and found that no relationship existed between traffic volume and/or posted speed limit and the number of wildlife-vehicle collisions that occurred. We put the economic costs associated with wildlife vehicle collisions into a public safety perspective and confirmed that associated costs, damage, injuries, and loss of resources are significant aspects ofDVCs that require attention and justify mitigation.

Green space fragmentation is one reason for the failing ecological networks around our planet. It has been argued that the driving force behind the loss of natural habitats by fragmentation is urban development. This essay aims to look at the subject of green space fragmentation in Uppsala municipality and how it affects both humans and roe deer living in the area. This essay will also explore how the efforts to stop wildlife-vehicle collisions impact roe deer’s ability to roam through the area divided thanks to human induced green space fragmentation. This has been done by using a descriptive quantitative analysis combined with a connectivity model, the least-cost approach. Remote sensing was used to collect the data used for the analysis. The results of this essay indicated that green space fragmentation impacts both humans and roe deer in Uppsala municipality since the wildlife-vehicle collisions can be traced to spots where the roe deer are forced to cross the road because of green space fragmentation. The introduced form of wildlife crossing structures, wildlife fences, does not help minimize the effects of the fragmentation, instead it steers the animals into certain points where the collisions occur. To truly minimize the consequences of human induced green space fragmentation, green infrastructure needs to be taken into account whenever planning future developments.

Wherever wildlife share space with boaters, collisions are a potential source of mortality. Establishing protection and speed zones are the primary actions taken to mitigate collision risk. However, creation of protection zones may be a point of contention with stakeholders as new zones can have significant socioeconomic impacts. The Florida Manatee is a prime example of a species whose abundance and viability are constrained by this balance between the needs of humans and wildlife on a shared landscape. The goal of this work is to help further understand the risk to manatees by quantifying the probability of lethal collisions. I hypothesized that higher boat speeds increase the probability of lethal injury to manatee during a collision and aimed to characterize the relationship between vessel speed and the probability of lethal injury to manatee. I used a logistic regression model implemented with a Bayesian approach and fitted to citizen reported collision data as a feasible method for examining the influence of vessel speed in contributing to lethal injury to a manatee when struck. I also present a method for dealing with uncertainty in data used to report collisions. To conduct this analysis, I used citizen reported collision data. These data are typically collected opportunistically, suffer from low sample sizes, and have uncertainty in reported vessel speeds. Uncertainty associated with speed values in reported collision events was assessed by performing a multiple imputation to replace qualitative vessel speed – in other words, “missing data” – with quantitative values. This procedure involves fitting log-normal distributions to radar data that contained precise vessel speeds along with a physical description like ‘planing’, ‘plowing’, or ‘idle’. For each imputation of the data, a quantitative value was selected randomly from that distribution and used in place of its initial corresponding speed category. I evaluated issues related to quasi-separation and model fit using simulated data sets to explore the importance of sample size and evaluated the effect of key sources of error. The prediction that greater strike speed increases the probability of lethal injury was supported by the data that I analyze

Förarstödsystem har funnits länge, men tekniken och digitaliseringen fortsätter att utvecklas och så även förarstödsystemen. De system som utvecklas idag har större och mer fokuserad utveckling under kort tid och är för många okända system. Eftersom det finns begränsad kunskap om hur förarstödsystem fungerar när det kommer till detektering av vilt syftar denna studie till att skapa en fördjupad förståelse för vilka funktioner som finns i förarstödsystemen idag. Studien har skett genom en nulägesanalys baserad på hur systemen kan minska kollision med vilt samt vilka framtidsutsikter det finns beträffande utveckling av dessa system och funktioner. För att uppfylla syftet har intervjuer genomförts med ledande biltillverkarna och underleverantörer till fordonsindustrin och branschexperter. Insamlad empiri från intervjuer har kompletterats med ett urvalresultat i tidigare forskning. För att bearbeta insamlad empiri används en tematisk analys. Studiens bearbetade empiri presenteras i följande teman: Presentation av företag och respondenter; Nulägesanalys; Utmaningar och framtida möjligheter; Kommersiella aspekter; och Framtidsprojektioner. Det råder en samstämmig bild i resultatet kring att stödsystem för viltdetektion är i sin linda och att de främsta vinsterna med dessa är en tidig detektion av vilt, vilket kan minska risken för allvarliga olyckor. Tekniska framsteg görs vars syfte främst är att göra föraren mer medveten i sin körning och samtidigt utöka kommunikationen mellan trafikanter och infrastruktur. Hinder för utveckling ligger i marknadsmässiga faktorer och otydliga nationella och internationella regler. / Driver support systems have been around for a long time, but technology and digitization continue to evolve daily. Technology development is in constant motion. The systems that are being developed today have, in relation to the remaining vehicle technology, been given a significantly large and conditional development in a short time and are still new to humans. As there is limited knowledge about how driver support systems work when it comes to game detection, this study aims to create an in-depth understanding of what functions exist in driver support systems today, through a kind of current situation analysis, which detects game, how these can reduce collision with game and what prospects there are regarding the development of these systems and functions. To fulfil the purpose, interviews are conducted with leading car manufacturers and subcontractors to the automotive industry and industry experts. A thematic analysis is used to process collected empirical data. The study's processed empirics are presented in the following themes: Presentation of companies and respondents; Current situation analysis; Challenges and future opportunities; Commercial aspects; and Future projections. There is a consistent picture in the results that support systems for game detection are in their infancy and that the main benefits of these are an early detection of game, which can reduce the risk of serious accidents. Technical advances are being made whose main purpose is to make the driver more involved in their driving and at the same time expand the communication between road users and infrastructure. Obstacles to development lie in market factors and unclear national and international rules.